Chapter 3 Wet-Gas Reservoir

Year 4
semester 7
Gas Reservoir
Engineering
International University Of
Chapter 3
Technology Twintech
Wet-Gas Reservoir & calculations
Prepared by Lecturer:
Eng. Mohammed al-sanhani
Wet-Gas Reservoir
A typical phase diagram of a wet gas is shown in Figure 1, where
reservoir temperature is above the cricondentherm of the
hydrocarbon mixture.
Figure 1: Phase diagram of a typical wet gas with line of isothermal reduction of reservoir pressure
Consider
a reservoir initially at 3700 psia and 300 F, represented by point A in Fig.2.
Since this point is outside the two-phase region, it is originally one-phase
state called gas.
· As the produced gas flows to the surface, however, the pressure and
temperature of the gas will decline. If the gas enters the two-phase region
along the path A-A2, a liquid phase will condense out of the gas and be
produced from the surface separators, but the fluid left in the reservoir
remains in one phase (100% gas).
• The word “wet” does not mean that the reservoir fluid is wet with water but
refers to the hydrocarbon liquid that condenses at surface conditions,
and no condensate is formed in the reservoir throughout the entire life of the
reservoir.
Wet-gas reservoirs are characterized by the following properties:
• Gas oil ratios (GOR) between 60,000 to 100,000 scf/STB.
• Stock-tank oil gravity equal or above 60° API
• Liquid color is water-white to light Yellow.
• Separator conditions (separator pressure and temperature) lie
within the two-phase region.
Figure 2: pressure-temperature phase diagram of a reservoir fluid
 Because there is (1) associated liquid production and (2) single phase
gas in the reservoir. However, the cumulative gas production should be
modified to include the “gas equivalent” of these condensed liquids.
If liquids do drop out in the reservoir, then the methods of the
“gas condensate” chapter can be used.
 The produced liquid or condensate can be converted to its gas
equivalent (if the specific gravity, γo, is known).
by assuming that it behaves as an ideal gas when vaporized in the

produced gas.
nRT sc 350.5 o RT sc
The Gas Equivalent, GE, is: GE V   scf STB
psc M o psc
If standard conditions are 14.7 psia and 520 oR, and the gas constant,
R =10.73, then the gas equivalent is
o
GE  133, 000 scf STB (1)
Mo
Example:
Determine the total daily gas production from a reservoir,

including the gas equivalents of liquid hydrocarbons
(condensate) and water. The available data are:
Separator-gas production = 1.0 MMscf/D
condensate production = 20.0 STB/D
Stock- tank gas production = 3.0 Mscf/D
fresh-water production = 3.0 STB/D
Initial pressure = 3500 psia
current reservoir pressure = 1000 psia
Reservoir temperature = 200 F
condensate gravity = 60 oAPI (0.739 sp.gr.)
Solution:
44.29 o 44.29  0.739
Mo    112.5 lb mole
1.03   o 1.03  0.739
o 0.739
GE  133, 000 133, 000  873.7 scf STB
Mo 112.5
Or GE  873.7  20  17, 474scf D
Total hydrocarbon gas equivalent production

= 1000,000 + 17,474 + 3,000 = 1,020,474
Solution cont’d
Water Equivalent Production:
When calculating gas equivalent water production, use the water content (from Figure
11) at the original reservoir pressure.
From Figure 11, at 3500 psia and 200 oF, the equilibrium water vapor is 260 lb/MMscf.
bbl/MMscf = 260/350 = 0.743 bbl/MMscf.
Gas equivalent water production = 0.743×7390×1.020474 ≈5600 scf/D
Hence, the total daily vapor (equivalent gas) production is:
Gp = 1020.5+5.6 = 1026.1 Mscf/D
And at 1000 psia, the reservoir liquid water production (to be used with the material
balance equation) is: Qw = 3 - (0.743×1.02) = 2.24 bbl/D
Figure 11: Water content of natural gas in equilibrium with liquid water.
Calculation of Initial Gas & Oil in-Place From Field Data-
Wet Gas Reservoir
 The method can also be used for a retrograde gas condensate reservoir if the
measured data have been obtained early in the life of the reservoir when the reservoir
fluid is in a single phase. Gas-cap and condensate can be determined in the same
manner.
 It is important to note that there is gas production at the separator and at the stock
tank. Additional gas escapes from the oil (condensate) at stock tank conditions. Thus,
to get the average produced gas gravity:
(q g ,sep )( g ,sep )  (q g ,tank )( g ,tank )

 g ,avg 
(q g ,sep  q g ,tank )
Then, the actual producing gas/oil ratio is:
 q g ,sep  q g , tank 
R =  1000
 qo 
Using Fig., at 3000psia and 200 oF the gas deviation factor(Z) is 0.813
Homework 2
Calculate the initial gas in place (SCF) & initial condensate in place (STB)
for a wet gas reservoir :
4000 psia
take the values of remaining unknowns from the

book [Gas Resevoir Engineering John.Lee]
page 234 Example 10.4

Chapter 3 Wet-Gas Reservoir

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Year 4

by assuming that it behaves as an ideal gas when vaporized in the

Determine the total daily gas production from a reservoir,

Total hydrocarbon gas equivalent production

(q g ,sep )( g ,sep )  (q g ,tank )( g ,tank )

take the values of remaining unknowns from the

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