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    IGCSE BIO - TB Practical Activities44

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    ALI ASHRAF

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    IGCSE BIO - TB Practical Activities44

    Uploaded by

    ALI ASHRAF
    10 views1 page

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    IGCSE BIO_TB Practical Activities44

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    10 views1 page

    IGCSE BIO - TB Practical Activities44

    Uploaded by

    ALI ASHRAF

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    PRACTICAL Name:

    44 Ecology – studying populations


    You need:
    ■ 25 cm quadrats ■ notebooks
    ■ graph paper ■ identification books
    ■ enamel paint (plant and animal) A simple quadrat

    ■ paint solvent ■ white pie dishes Plastic tubing

    ■ fine paint brush ■ specimen tubes

    25 cm
    Random sampling of plant life
    How would you answer the question, ‘Which types
    Strong wire
    of plant are most common in this habitat?’
    You could count all the different types of plant
    but this is not necessary except for very small Histogram 1:
    habitats. An easier method is called random lightly trampled region

    sampling. To do this you use a square or 250

    rectangular frame called a quadrat to study 225


    200
    several small areas (samples) of the habitat
    175

    Number of plants
    chosen at random.
    150
    You place a quadrat at random throughout a habitat by throwing 125
    one over your shoulder. Take care! Do not deliberately throw it 100
    to land on vegetation which looks interesting. What you do next 75
    depends on the information you require. This could be the density, 50
    frequency or percentage cover of various types of plant. 25
    0
    1 Density This is the number of plants (or animals) in a unit E F G H I
    area of habitat (e.g. the number per 25 centimetre square). To Species

    discover the density of a plant species in a habitat, you count Histogram 2:


    the number of this species present inside the area of a quadrat heavily trampled region
    each time it lands. Continue until the quadrat has been cast 225
    throughout the whole habitat, then calculate the average number 200
    of times the species was found. 175
    Number of plants

    150
    2 Frequency This is the number of times that a particular
    125
    species is found when a quadrat is thrown a certain number of
    100
    times. To calculate frequency you count the number of different
    75
    species within the quadrat each time it lands and note their
    50
    names. If, for example, you throw it a hundred times, you note 25
    the number of times each species was found and express each 0
    E F G H I
    result out of a hundred. This will tell you the most common
    Species
    (most frequent) species in the habitat, then the next most
    common, down to the rarest.

    © OUP: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute

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