Raymond CBLM
Raymond CBLM
Raymond CBLM
Materials
Sector : AGRIFISHERY
Qualification Title : AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC II
Unit of Competency : PLANT CROPS
List of Competencies
AFF 610302
2. Plant crops Planting crops
Caring and
Care and AFF 610303
3. maintaining
maintain crops
crops
Carry-out Carrying-out
harvest and harvest and AFF 610304
4.
postharvest postharvest
operation operation
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Prepare land for planting
2. Conduct field lay-out
3. Dig Holes
4. Perform direct seeding
5. Transplant Seedlings
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Tools, materials and equipment are prepared for land clearing
2. The land is cleared according to prescribed methods of land
preparation
3. Debris are removed and disposed according to waste management
standards.
4. Soil samples are collected for analysis based on standard procedure
5. Land preparation is conducted according to crop requirement.
6. Basal fertilizer is applied based on crop requirement
7. Safety procedures for fertilizer application is followed according to
OSHS
8. Tools and materials are prepared for field lay-out.
9. Interpret field lay-out plan according to the recommended planting
system.
10. Field is laid-out according to recommended planting system
11. Diggings of holes are performed based on crop requirement.
12. Top soil is separated to be used in covering the hole after planting.
13. Basal fertilizer application is performed based on recommended
amount.
14. Seeds are planted according to recommended rate, distance and
depth
15. Replanting are timely done according to recommended practices for a
particular crop
16. Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
17. Handling of seedlings from nursery is performed based on prescribed
practices.
18. Transplanting of seedlings is done based on crop practices
19. Re-bagging is done for a particular crop requirement
20. Replanting is timely done based on planting protocol.
21. Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
1. Handling of seedlings.
2. Transplanting of seedlings
3. Re-bagging
4. Second replanting activities
5. Second replanting activities
GAP standards by BAFPS
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Handling of seedlings from nursery is performed based on
prescribed practices.
2. Transplanting of seedlings is done based on crop practices
3. Re-bagging is done for a particular crop requirement
4. Replanting is timely done based on planting protocol.
5. Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety
and Health Standards (OSHS) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
METHODOLOGIES:
1. Hands- on
2. Lectures/ Discussion
3. Videos/ Illustrations
Demonstration
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Examination
2. Oral evaluation
3. Demonstration with questions
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Perform Transplant seedlings
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 2.5-1 on Read and understand the
Handling of seedlings. information sheet and check
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.5-1 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key of Self
Check 2.5-1, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 2.5-2, if not
return to Info Sheet 2.5-1
Read Information Sheet 2.5-2 Read and understand the
Transplanting of seedlings information sheet and check
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.5-2 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key of Self
Check 2.5-2, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 1.1-3, if not
return to Info Sheet 2.5-2
Perform Task Sheet 2.5-2 Task sheet will help you practice
your skill.
Transplanting of Seedlings
The Performance Criteria Checklist
will guide and help you evaluate
your work as you are practicing your
skill.
Evaluate your work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your
trainer for final evaluation and
recording.
If you have questions about the use
of the matrix, please ask your
trainer.
Water
Temperature
Live seedlings burn food reserves (respire) to survive the winter. You
must reduce the amount of food the seedling uses while it’s out of its
natural environment, so that it will have sufficient reserves to support
growth and avoid transplant shock when you plant it.
Respiration is the conversion of food reserves to energy. In this
process, 60 percent of the energy is available for work, but the remaining 40
percent is given off as heat. Respiration rate is a function of temperature: as
temperature increases, so do respiration and the amount of heat generated.
As temperatures approach 32°F (0°C), respiration rates decrease to a
low level; food reserves are conserved, and the seedlings give off little heat.
Seedlings packed in seedling bags or boxes can produce considerable
respiratory heat if containers are exposed to warm air or direct sunlight.
This heat does not dissipate readily; as a result, temperature can become
high enough to injure seedlings.
For this reason, keep seedlings as cool as practical during handling,
as long as they are not frozen. Subfreezing storage is possible, but not
unless conditions are carefully con- trolled. For practical field storage,
prevent both freezing and high temperatures. Several principles are
important in maintaining the seedlings at low temperatures and preventing
damage.
1. Seedling temperatures are affected by air temperature, air circulation
around the container, sunlight, and the time of year you lift the seedlings.
Since you can’t measure all these components easily, it is important to have
a small thermometer to measure seedling temperature. A pocket dial
thermometer is ideal for measuring the temperature of seedlings in a
container. (Consult Table 1 to identify acceptable temperatures.)
2. Keep seedlings out of direct sunlight; solar radiation heats seedlings even
on cool days.
3. Seedlings lifted during midwinter (when they are dormant) are less
susceptible to heating problems.
Physical damage
Checklist
In summary, use this seedling-care checklist to improve reforestation
success.
√ Handle seedlings carefully and as little as possible.
Date Developed: Document No.
Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 11 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
√ Keep seedlings cool (34 to 36°F) and protect them from freezing.
√ At field sites, store seedlings in the shade or under a reflective “space”
blanket. Do not use canvas to protect seedlings from solar heating.
√ Protect seedlings from desiccation (water loss) by reducing exposure to the
drying air and by adding water during the processing. If temperatures climb
and humidity drops, quit planting.
√ Use bags and boxes that have a vapor barrier to restrict water loss during
storage; keep these containers sealed (use tape for tears and rips).
√ Dip seedling roots in water for 1 minute before you place them in a moist
planting bag. Consider using jelly rolled seedlings when you plant them in
extremely hot and dry conditions.
√ Don’t cram too many seedlings into your planting bag, and plant them as
soon as possible.
√ Keep seedling roots in the moist planting bag until you put them directly
into the moist planting hole.
Multiple choices:
Instruction: Underline only the letter corresponding to the best
answer.
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. C
5. a
Information Sheet 2.5-2
Transplanting of Seedlings
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Understand the different procedures during transplanting.
What is transplanting?
Transplanting is a
general term to designate
the removal of living
plants from nursery
whereby they may
become established in
new quarters (place) i.e.
main field.
It is a violent operation
which may be performed
when the plant is actively
growing.
Transplanting operation
in vegetables becomes more successful in deep and fine soils with
optimum moisture level.
Why to transplant.
The advantages of transplanting are:
Plants are dug from the nursery with as little injury as possible.
Uprooting of plants should be preceded by ample watering.
Do not dig plants more than the required number.
After the plants are dug out, cover them with the moist cloth or sacks
and keep them in the shade so that there will be little loss of water
from the plants.
Sometimes leaves or portions of leaves are removed from plants to
reduce the area of transpiring water at transplanting time
This is done to establish a better balance between the intake of water
by roots and loss of water from leaves.
Pruning or clipping the tops in case of onion does not aid survival.
Light pruning does not give beneficial effects while heavy pruning
sometimes results in a reduction of early yields and also of total yield.
The water loss from the cut surface may be greater than would be by
transpiration, if all the leaves were allowed to remain on the plant
by carrying the seedlings in a basket covered with a wet sack
by carrying the seedlings with their roots submerged in a bucket
of water.
Date Developed: Document No.
Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 17 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
Care after transplanting
After transplanting, examine the field every day for watering whenever
necessary till they are well established.
Those seedlings which are not doing well, they should be removed and
replaced from the reserve seedlings.
If there is any attack of insect pests or the disease, it must be
controlled before it spreads throughout in the fields.
Gap filling may also be done where the seedlings are dried.
Multiple choices:
Instruction: Give the right answer for the missing word(s). Write your
answer on the space before the item number.
1. Transplant
2. Transplant Operation
3. Nursery
4. Maturity
5. 3-4 Leaves
TASK SHEET 2.5-2
Title: TRANSPLANT SEEDLINGS
Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and
equipment, you should be able to transplant
seedlings in 20 minutes.
Supplies/Materials :
Video or PowerPoint presentation for standard procedure of
Transplanting of seedlings.
Hands- on
Lectures/ Discussion
Demonstration
Tools/ Materials/ Equipment: PPE, Seedlings, dibble, sprinkler,
Polyethylene Pot, Soil Media, nursery.
Steps/Procedure:
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Perform re-bagging techniques and standard procedures
Re-bagging
As the plant grow, a
plant's roots need space so
that they can spread out
and absorb and nutrients.
Its leaves need space so
that they access light. Re-
bagging should be done to
meet the need of plant for
space, nutrients and other
more. Re-bagging is the
replacement of previous bag
with a larger one.
Once the seeds sprout, they quickly outgrow their seed starting
container. It would be a bad idea to let them continue to grow in a bag
that is too small. They’ll become nutrient deprived and their roots will
grow round and round into a big knot.
Transplanting them into larger bags, helps them develop healthier
roots and grow faster. By not restraining their growth indoors, you’re
training them to grow big and strong when it’s time to put them in the
garden.
Room to Grow:
The growth of plants can be stunted if they are in a small container.
The roots will fill up the pot and have nowhere to go, and as a result the
plant doesn’t grow very much and if it’s a flowering plant it may stop
flowering. By just going up to a slightly larger pot (about 2″ wider in
diameter) the roots have room to move and the plant will, as a result, start
to get larger.
Increased Nutrition:
Roots have the job of finding water and nutrients for a plant. After
being in the same soil for a while, the roots will have depleted all of the
nutrients in the soil. Additionally, the root system can get so large that it
displaces the soil so you are left with just a knot of roots. Even if you’re
fertilizing, with no soil to hold onto the fertilizer, the plant isn’t getting the
benefit of it and as a result can develop nutritional deficiencies.
Better and less frequent watering:
The roots of a plant can essentially take over the pot so little to no soil
is left which is what we refer to as being root bound. As a result, when you
water, the water runs right through the container since there is no soil to
absorb it. The plant then needs to be watered quite frequently in order to
keep it alive. A few ways to tell if your plant is root bound is if you start to
see the roots above the edge of the bag or coming out the drainage hole, you
have to water very frequently or the plant’s growth has been stunted or the
plant isn’t flowering. Giving the plant some new space filled with fresh soil
will help you reduce the amount you’ll need to water, plus the roots will be
able to do their job to seek out and absorb the water and nutrients it needs.
6. Water it
Even out the potting soil on top and water well! It's worth noting that a
freshly re-bagged plant does not need to be fed fertilizer .
1. As the plant grow, a plant's roots need ______so that they can spread out and
absorb and nutrients.
a. Love c. air
b. Space d. none of the choices
2. _________ is the replacement of previous bag with a larger one.
a. Re-packing c. Re-bagging
b. Re-planting d. Re-bunching
3. The growth of plants can be __________ if they are in a small container.
a. Stunted c. Strong
b. Stranded d. Straight
4. Roots have the job of finding ___________________ for a plant.
a. Water and nutrients c. Wind and rain
b. Sun and light d. None of the choices
5. One of the steps on re-bagging is to _______ the roots gently with your hands.
a. Tighten c. Cut
b. Crumple d. Loosen
ANSWER KEY 2.5-3
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. d
TASK SHEET 2.5-3
Title: RE-BAGGING
Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and
equipment, you should be able to change the P.E
bag of plant/ seedlings with bigger bag in 20
minutes.
Supplies/Materials :
Video or PowerPoint presentation for standard procedure of
Transplanting of seedlings.
Hands- on
Lectures/ Discussion
Demonstration
Tools/ Materials/ Equipment: PPE, Seedlings/ plant, pruner,
sprinkler, Polyethylene bag, Soil Media, nursery.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Select bag according to the standard required size.
2. Fill-in new bag with enough soil media before placing the
plant.
3. Carefully handle the plant/ seedling and remove the
previous bag gently.
4. Loosen the soil and Trim or prune the existing roots.
5. Fill the new bag with enough soil media.
6. Place the plant on the new bag and gently covered its
surrounding with enough soil.
7. Water it thoroughly.
7. Water it thoroughly.
Information Sheet 2.5-4
Second Replanting Activities
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Determine the activities during second replanting.
REPLANTING
SECOND REPLANTING
Evaluating crop injury and estimating potential crop yield is the first
step in determining if a crop should be replanted. The best possible
evaluation of the surviving stand is needed because the critical yield
comparison ultimately will be between the suboptimal stand from the
original planting date versus a full stand from a later than optimum planting
date.
During the seedling stage, injury that results in stand reduction will
cause the greatest yield reductions. Leaf injury or loss during early stages
has a minimal effect on yield; however, as the crop approaches reproductive
developmental stages, leaf damage or loss is more detrimental to yield. An
assessment of potential plant stand soon after crop injury occurs (within a
week) is critical to avoid delays if replanting is necessary.
Source: https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-hub/publications/replanting-or-late-planting-crops
REPLANTING DECISION
Crops replanted late in the season almost always will yield less than
those planted at an optimum time. The decision to replant is both an
agronomic and economic one that requires careful assessment of crop
injury, yield potential, alternate crop choices and cultural practices related
to crop growth and development. Each case of injury must be considered
thoroughly and individually.
2. Replanting is when crop damage and stand reduction occurs early in the
growing season can be an economically viable option.
4. Evaluating crop injury and estimating potential crop yield is the first step
in determining if a crop should be replanted.
5. Most often replanting takes the form of starting a plant from seed in
optimal conditions, such as in a greenhouse or protected nursery bed, then
replanting it in another, usually close door, growing location.
7. Crops replanted late in the season almost always will yield more than
those planted at an optimum time.
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True
REFERENCES: