Designation: C1017/C1017M − 13

Standard Specification for

Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing
Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1017/C1017M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of the section

1.1 This specification covers two types of chemical admix- on Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shall be used.
tures to be added to hydraulic cement concrete mixtures for the 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
purpose of producing flowing concrete. The types are as are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
follows: each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
1.1.1 Type I—Plasticizing, and system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1.2 Type II—Plasticizing and retarding. values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of a chemical admix- with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the
ture with reference concreting materials or with concrete- inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
making materials proposed for specific work. Unless otherwise NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
specified by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
reference concreting materials. information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
NOTE 2—It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made
1.3 If a chemical admixture has been tested and found to using the concrete-making materials (cement, pozzolan, slag, aggregates,
comply with the provisions of this specification using reference air-entraining admixture), the mixture proportions, and the batching
materials, and is being considered for use with other materials sequence and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work.
The specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the
for specific work, additional tests for such use are allowed if properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete.
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier and are NOTE 3—Temperature has a pronounced effect on time of setting of
allowed to consist of a portion of the tests described herein. concrete. This may be exaggerated by the use of admixture Types I and II.
If concrete temperatures to be expected on a particular job differ
1.4 This specification provides for three levels of testing. significantly from the conditions set forth in this specification, further
1.4.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of testing may be desirable.
compliance with the performance requirements defined in NOTE 4—An unusually rapid loss of workability with time, sometimes
Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the require- termed “slump loss”, can be experienced with these admixtures. The rate
ments of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests of of slump loss will vary with the particular concreting materials and
proportions, mixing equipment and procedures, and temperatures experi-
the section on Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shall be carried enced on any particular job. At elevated temperatures, the slump may be
out to provide results against which later comparisons can be retained for a longer period if a Type II admixture is used.
made. NOTE 5—Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride
1.4.2 Level 2—Limited retesting described in the section may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the
relating to general requirements may be requested at intervals requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of accept-
ability of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete (see ACI 318).
by the purchaser. Proof of compliance with the requirements of NOTE 6—Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of alkali
Table 1 demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture (Na2O + 0.658 K2O) may contribute to reaction with some aggregates.
with the requirements of the specification. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not assure
1.4.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring acceptability when used with alkali-reactive aggregates and some ce-
uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the ments.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee as requirements of the standard.
C09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013. Published February 2014. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1017/C1017M – 07. test method sections of this specification: This standard does
DOI: 10.1520/C1017_C1017M-13. not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsA
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices Type II
Type I Plasticizing
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior Plasticizing and
to use.Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are Retarding
caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon Time of setting, allowable deviation from
prolonged exposure.2 Reference, h
Initial: at least ... 1 later
1 earlier nor 31⁄2 later
2. Referenced Documents 11⁄2 later
Final: at least ... ...
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 1 earlier nor 31⁄2 later
11⁄2 later
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates Increase in slump, min. 90 mm [3.5 in.] 90 mm [3.5 in.]
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin- Compressive strength, min., % of reference
drical Concrete Specimens 3 days 90 90
7 days 90 90
C78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete 28 days 90 90
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) 6 months 90 90
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- 1 year 90 90
Flexural strength, min., % of reference
gregates 3 days 90 90
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse 7 days 90 90
Aggregates 28 days 90 90
Length change after 14 days drying, max.
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, shrinkage (alternative requirements):B
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete % of reference 135 135
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Increase over reference, in. 0.010 0.010
Relative durability factor, min.C 80 80
Concrete
A
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement The values in the table include allowance for normal variation in the test results.
The object of the 90 % strength requirements is to require a level of performance
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened comparable to that of the reference concrete.
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete B
Alternative Requirements—Percent of reference limit applies when length
change of reference is 0.030 % or greater; increase over reference limit applies
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed when length change of reference is less than 0.030 %.
Concrete by the Volumetric Method C
The requirement is applicable only when the admixture is to be used in
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of air-entrained concrete which may be exposed to freezing and thawing while wet.
Hydraulic Cement
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory 3. Terminology
C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Pressure Method 3.1 Definitions:
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
for Concrete Terminology C125.
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance 3.2.1 flowing concrete, n—concrete that is characterized by
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to a slump greater than 71⁄2 in. [190 mm] while maintaining a
Rapid Freezing and Thawing cohesive nature, and which otherwise meets the requirements
C778 Specification for Sand of Table 1.
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates 3.2.2 plasticizing admixture, n—a chemical admixture
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water which, when added to concrete, produces flowing concrete
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers without further addition of water and does not retard the setting
Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing of the concrete.
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:4 3.2.3 plasticizing and retarding admixture, n—a chemical
ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for admixture which, when added to concrete, produces flowing
Normal and Heavyweight Concrete concrete without further addition of water and retards the
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con- setting of concrete.
crete 3.2.4 reference concrete, n—concrete which contains the
same amounts of cement, aggregates, water, and other concret-
ing materials, but no plasticizing admixture.
2
3.2.5 test concrete, n—concrete which has a plasticizing
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
admixture added.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM 4. Ordering Information
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.1 When the purchaser specifies flowing concrete, he shall
the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington also specify the type of chemical admixture desired. If not
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org. specified, the requirements of Type I will apply.

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
5. General Requirements exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or a combination of
5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test con- these procedures is adequate.
crete in which each type of admixture shown in 1.1 is used 6.2 When the nature of the admixture or the analytical
shall conform to the respective requirements prescribed in capability of the purchaser make some or all of these proce-
Table 1. dures unsuitable, other requirements for uniformity and
5.2 The purchaser is allowed to require a limited retesting to equivalence from lot to lot or within a lot shall be established
confirm current compliance of the admixture to specification by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
requirements. The limited retesting will cover physical prop-
erties and performance of the admixture. 7. Sampling and Inspection
5.2.1 The physical properties retesting shall consist of 7.1 Every facility shall be provided the purchaser for careful
uniformity and equivalence tests for infrared analysis, residue sampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture or
by oven drying and relative density [specific gravity]. at the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.
5.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist of
water content of fresh concrete, setting time and compressive 7.2 Samples shall be either grab or composite samples, as
strength at 3, 7 and 28 days. specified or required by this specification. A grab sample is one
obtained in a single operation. A composite sample is one
NOTE 7—Additional performance tests currently in this standard may be obtained by combining three or more grab samples.
required by users having special requirements.
7.3 Samples will be taken for two reasons:
5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
7.3.1 Quality Tests—A sample taken for the purpose of
state in writing that the admixture supplied for use in the work
evaluating the quality of a source or lot of admixture will be
is identical in all essential respects, including concentration, to
required to meet all the applicable requirements of this
the admixture tested for conformance under this specification.
specification. Samples used to determine conformance with the
5.4 At the request of the purchaser, when the chemical requirements of this specification shall be composites of grab
admixture is to be used in prestressed concrete, the manufac- samples taken from sufficient locations to ensure that the
turer shall state in writing the chloride content of the admixture composite sample will be representative of the lot.
and whether or not chloride has been added during its 7.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence Tests— When specified
manufacture. by the purchaser, a sample taken for the purpose of evaluating
5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence shall be made on the uniformity of a single lot, or equivalence of different lots
the initial sample and the results retained for reference and from one source, shall be tested as provided in Section 6. Such
comparison, with the results of tests of samples taken from samples shall be composite samples from individual lots when
elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots of admixture different lots from the same source are being compared. When
supplied for use in the work. the uniformity of a single lot is being determined, grab samples
shall be used.
6. Lot Uniformity and Equivalence
7.4 Liquid Admixtures—Liquid admixtures shall be agitated
6.1 When specified by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot, thoroughly immediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken
or the equivalence of different lots from the same source, shall for quality or uniformity tests shall represent not more than
be established by the use of the following requirements: 9500 L [2500 gal] of admixture and shall have a volume of at
6.1.1 Infrared Analysis—The absorption spectra of the ini- least 1 L [1 qt]. A minimum of three grab samples shall be
tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified, shall be taken. Composite samples shall be prepared by thoroughly
essentially similar. mixing the grab samples selected and the resultant mixture
6.1.2 Residue by Oven Drying (Liquid Admixtures)—When sampled to provide at least 4 L [1 gal] for quality tests. Grab
dried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initial sample samples shall be taken from different locations well distributed
and of subsequent samples shall be within a range of variation throughout the quantity to be represented.
of not greater than five percentage points.
7.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampled
6.1.3 Residue by Oven Drying (Nonliquid Admixtures)—
equally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels by
When dried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initial
means of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weighted
sample and of the subsequent samples shall be within a range
sampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed after
of variation not greater than four percentage points.
the bottle is lowered to the desired depth.
6.1.4 Relative Density [Specific Gravity] (Liquid
Admixtures)—When tested as specified, the relative density of 7.4.2 Samples shall be packaged in impermeable, airtight
subsequent test samples shall not differ from the relative containers which are resistant to corrosion.
density of the initial sample by more than 10 % of the 7.5 Nonliquid Admixtures—Grab samples taken for quality
difference between the relative density of the initial sample and or uniformity tests shall represent not more than 1800 kg [2
that of reagent water at the same temperature. If 10 % of the tons] of admixture and shall have a mass of at least 1 kg [2 lb].
difference between the relative density of the initial sample and A minimum of four grab samples shall be taken. Composite
water is less than 0.01, use the value 0.01 as the maximum samples shall be prepared by thoroughly mixing the grab
allowable difference. Reagent water conforming to Specifica- samples selected and the resultant mixture sampled to provide
tion D1193, Types III or IV, and prepared by distillation, ion at least 2.3 kg [5 lb] for the composite sample. Grab samples

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
shall be taken from different locations well distributed through- 10.2.4.1 Coarse aggregate used for reference concrete and
out the quantity to be represented. test concrete shall be essentially the same. Provide sufficient
7.5.1 Samples of packaged admixtures shall be obtained by coarse aggregate for the reference concrete, the test concrete,
means of a tube sampler as described in Practice C183. and for grading analysis.
7.5.2 Samples shall be packaged in moisture-proof, airtight 10.2.4.2 Prepare required quantities of coarse aggregate
containers. (See Note 8) as follows: Fill tared containers, one for sieve
7.6 Samples shall be thoroughly mixed before testing to analysis, one for a batch of reference concrete, and one for a
ensure uniformity. When recommended by the manufacturer, batch of test concrete, to the required mass from the aggregate
the entire sample of a nonliquid admixture shall be dissolved in stockpile. Accomplish this by placing equal quantities into
water prior to testing. each container, successively, and repeat the procedure until all
the containers have their required mass.
TEST METHODS
NOTE 8—Refer to the section on Sampling Aggregates for guidance on
8. Scope sampling from stockpiles.

8.1 These test methods are based on arbitrary stipulations 10.2.4.3 Perform sieve analyses on the coarse aggregate
which make possible highly standardized testing in the labo- prepared in 10.2.4.2 by Test Method C136. Discard any set for
ratory and are not intended to simulate actual job conditions. which the sample does not comply with Size 57. Average test
results for samples that comply with Size 57 for each sieve
9. Apparatus size. Discard any set for which the sample deviates from this
9.1 Infrared Spectrophotometer. average by more than the amount shown in column 3 of the
9.2 Hydrometers, Nos. 112H through 117H in accordance tabulated values shown below. Continue the process of
with Specification E100. preparation, testing, and averaging until sufficient sets of
aggregate within tolerances are obtained.
9.3 Water Bath, capable of maintaining 25 6 1 °C.
Specification C33/C33M, No. Maximum variation from
Sieve 57 average/passing
10. Reagents and Materials Percent Passing
10.1 Reagents: 37.5-mm [1.5 in.] 100 0.0
25.0-mm [1.0 in.] 95 to 100 1.0
10.1.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, refer- 12.5-mm [0.5 in.] 25 to 60 4.0
ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as 4.75-mm (No. 4) 0 to 10 4.0
defined by Types III or IV of Specification D1193. 2.36-mm (No. 8) 0 to 5 1.0

10.1.2 Potassium Bromide, of a grade suitable for infrared NOTE 9—All of the results required for demonstrating compliance
analysis. under this specification are dependent on the uniformity of the aggregate
samples prepared and used. Careful, skilled and well-supervised work is
10.2 Materials: essential.
10.2.1 Cement—The cement used in any series of tests shall
be either the cement proposed for specific work or a cement 10.2.5 20-30 Sand—As specified in Specification C778.
conforming to the requirements of Specification C150/C150M, 10.2.6 Air-Entraining Admixture—Except when tests are
Type I or Type II. If, when using a cement other than that made using the air-entraining admixture proposed for specific
proposed for specific work, the air content of the concrete work, the air-entraining admixture used, if needed in the
made without admixture is more than 3.0 %, select a different concrete mixtures, shall be a material which when used to
cement so that the air content of the concrete will be 3.0 % or entrain the specified amount of air in the reference concrete
less. mixture will give concrete of satisfactory resistance to freezing
10.2.2 Aggregates—Except when tests are made using the and thawing. The material to be so used will be designated by
aggregates proposed for specific work, the fine and coarse the person, or agency, for whom the testing is to be performed.
aggregates used in any series of tests shall come from single If no material is designated, neutralized Vinsol resin shall be
lots of well-graded, sound materials that conform to the used.
requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the NOTE 10—If unneutralized Vinsol resin is purchased, neutralization
grading of the aggregates shall conform to the following may be accomplished by treating 100 parts of Vinsol resin with 9 to 15
requirements: parts of NaOH by mass. In an aqueous solution, the ratio of water to the
10.2.3 Fine Aggregate—The fine aggregate grading shall be resinate should not exceed 12 to 1 by mass.
as follows: 10.2.7 Materials for Tests for Specific Uses—To test a
Mass Percent chemical admixture for use in specific work, the concreting
Sieve Passing materials used shall be representative of those proposed for use
4.75-mm (No. 4) 100
1.18-mm (No. 16) 65 to 75
in the work. Add the chemical admixture in the same manner
300-µm (No. 50) 12 to 20 and at the same time during the batching and mixing sequence
150-µm (No. 100) 2 to 5 as it will be added on the job. Proportion the concrete mixtures
10.2.4 Coarse Aggregate—The coarse aggregate grading to have the cement content specified for use in the work. If the
shall meet the requirements for Size 57 grading requirements maximum size of coarse aggregate is greater than 25.0 mm (1
of Specification C33/C33M. Take care in loading and delivery in.), screen the concrete over a 25.0-mm (1-in.) sieve prior to
to avoid segregation. fabricating the test specimens.

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
10.2.7.1 Other Use Conditions—At times, other conditions 0.5 %. If necessary, the air-entraining admixture shall be added
affect the overall suitability of the concrete mixture for specific to the reference concrete mixtures.
intended uses. These include the temperature of the materials 11.2.2 Air-Entrained Concrete—When the admixture is to
or the surroundings, the humidity, the length of time between be tested for use only in air-entrained concrete requiring
mixing and placing, the amount of mixing activity and other resistance to freezing and thawing, the air-entraining admixture
factors. These physical conditions are allowed to be incorpo- shall be added to reference and test concrete mixtures to
rated into the tests with intention for indicating the potential produce air contents in the range of 5.0 to 7.0 %. When
interactions. These tests would be only for guidance. After entrained air is to be used for workability or other purposes, air
incorporation of such test conditions it would not be suitable to contents are adjusted to 3.5 to 7.0 %. In either case, the
expect compliance with this specification requirement. difference between the air content of the reference concrete and
10.2.8 Preparation and Mass Measurement—Prepare all that of the test concrete shall not exceed 0.5 %.
material and make all mass measurements as prescribed in
Practice C192/C192M. 12. Mixing
12.1 Machine mix the reference concrete mixture as pre-
11. Proportioning of Concrete Mixtures scribed in Practice C192/C192M.
11.1 Proportions—Except when tests are being made for 12.2 Machine mix the test concrete mixture as prescribed in
specific uses, all concrete shall be proportioned using ACI Practice C192/C192M, except that the admixture shall be
211.19 to conform to the requirements described below. added according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In the
NOTE 11—The effects of a chemical admixture on the time of setting absence of such instructions, add the admixture at the start of
and water requirement of concrete may vary with the time of its addition. the 2 min final mixing period described in Practice C192/
Consequently, specifications for particular work should require that the C192M.
admixture be added in the same manner and at the same time as it will be
added on the job, or as recommended by the manufacturer, within the 13. Tests and Properties of Freshly Mixed Concrete
restrictions imposed by the specified mixing sequence.
13.1 Samples of freshly mixed concrete from at least three
11.1.1 The cement content shall be 335 6 3 kg/m3 [564 6 separate batches for each condition of concrete shall be tested
5 lb/yd3]. in accordance with the following methods:
11.1.2 For the first trial mixture, refer to the table on volume 13.1.1 Slump—Test Method C143/C143M.
of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete in ACI 211.1 13.1.2 Air Content—Test Method C231/C231M or Test
for guidance on the amount of coarse aggregate to use, for the Method C173/C173M.
nominal maximum size of aggregate, and for the fineness 13.1.3 Time of Setting—Test Method C403/C403M, except
modulus of the fine aggregate being used (Note 12). that the temperature of each of the ingredients of the concrete
NOTE 12—Values in the referenced table in ACI 211.1 are intended to mixtures just prior to mixing and the temperature at which the
ensure workable mixtures with the least favorable combinations of time of setting specimens are stored during the test period shall
aggregate likely to be used. be 23.0 6 2.0 °C [73.5 6 3.5 °F].
11.1.3 For the non-air-entrained mixtures, the air content 13.1.4 Water Content and Density (Unit Weight)—
used in calculating the proportions shall be 1.5 %, as shown in Determine the net water content of the batch as the mass of
Table 5.3.3 of ACI 211.1-81. For the air-entrained mixtures, the water in the batch in excess of that present as absorbed water
air content used for this purpose shall be 5.5 %. in the aggregates. Measure the density and compute the yield,
11.1.4 Adjust the water content of both the reference con- cement content, and water content as prescribed in Test Method
crete and the test concrete to obtain an initial slump of 90 6 15 C138/C138M. Determine the water–cement ratio to the nearest
mm [31⁄2 6 1⁄2 in.]. The workability of the concrete mixtures 0.01 by dividing the net mass of water by the mass of cement
shall be suitable for consolidation by hand rodding, and the in the batch.
concrete mixtures shall have the minimum water content
possible. Achieve these conditions by final adjustments in the 14. Test Specimens of Hardened Concrete
proportion of fine aggregate to total aggregate, or in the amount 14.1 Make specimens for tests of hardened concrete from at
of total aggregate, or both, while maintaining the yield and least three separate batches representing each test and age of
slump in the required range. test from each condition of concrete being compared. The
11.2 Conditions—Prepare batches of the final trial mixture, minimum number of specimens shall be as prescribed in Table
one of test concrete and one of reference concrete, which are 2. On a given day, make at least one specimen for each test and
identical prior to addition of the plasticizer. Add the admixture age of test from each condition of concrete, except make at
to the test concrete in the manner recommended by the least two specimens for the freezing and thawing test from each
manufacturer and in the amount necessary to obtain a slump of condition of concrete. Complete the preparation of all speci-
215 6 25 mm [81⁄2 6 1 in.]. mens in three days of mixing.
11.2.1 Non-Air-Entrained Concrete—When the admixture 14.2 Manifestly Faulty Specimens—Visually examine each
is to be tested for use only in non-air-entrained concrete, the air group of specimens representing a given test or a given age of
content of both the test concrete mixture and the reference test, including tests of freshly mixed concrete, before or during
concrete mixture shall be 3.0 % or less, and the difference the test, or both, whichever is appropriate. Discard without
between the air contents of the two mixtures shall not exceed testing any specimen found to be manifestly faulty by such

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
TABLE 2 Types and Minimum Number of Specimens and Tests the average compressive strength of the specimens made from
Number of
Number of
Number of
the reference concrete at the same age of test and multiply the
Number of Conditions quotient by 100. Requirements are shown in Table 1.
Types of Specimens,
Test Ages of
Specimens min.
Concrete
NOTE 13—When tests are conducted with materials representative of
A
Slump 1 1 2 those proposed for use in specific work, and if the results of the tests are
A
Air content 1 1 2 required in a period of time that will not permit curing of specimens to
B
Time of setting 1 2 6
ages of 6 months and 1 year, the tests at those ages as required in 14.1.1
Compressive strength 1 5 2 30
Flexural strength 1 3 2 18
may be waived.
Freezing and thawing 2 1 2 12
15.1.2 Flexural Strength—Test Method C78/C78M. Test
Length change 1 1 2 6
A
specimens at ages 3, 7, and 28 days. Calculate the flexural
Determined on each batch of concrete mixed.
B
As prescribed in the text. strength of the test concrete as a percentage of the flexural
strength of the reference concrete.
15.1.3 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing— Procedure A
of Test Method C666/C666M. Place specimens under test at
examination. Visually examine all specimens representing a the age of 14 days unless durability at some later age is desired
given test at a given age after testing. Should any specimen be for specific work. Calculate the relative durability factors as
found to be manifestly faulty, the test results thereof shall be shown in Specification C260/C260M. Only air-entrained con-
disregarded. Should more than one specimen representing a crete designed for resistance to freezing and thawing shall be
given test at a given age be found manifestly faulty either tested for resistance to freezing and thawing.
before or after testing, the entire test shall be disregarded and
15.1.4 Length Change—Test specimens shall consist of
repeated. The test result reported shall be the average of the
molded prisms made and tested in accordance with Test
individual test results of the specimens tested or, in the event
Method C157/C157M, except that the moist curing period,
that one specimen or one result has been discarded, it shall be
including the period in the molds, shall be 14 days. Then store
the average of the test results of the remaining specimens.
the specimens in air under conditions specified in Test Method
14.3 Number of Specimens—Six or more test specimens for C157/C157M for a period of 14 days, at which time determine
the freezing and thawing test, and three or more test specimens the length change of the specimen. Consider the drying
for each other type of test and age of test specified in Table 2 shrinkage to be the length change during the 14 day drying
shall be made for each condition of concrete to be compared. period, based on an initial measurement at the time of removal
14.4 Types of Specimens—Specimens made from concrete of the specimen from the mold, and express it as percent to the
with and without chemical admixture under test shall be nearest 0.001 % based on the specimen gage length. Alterna-
prepared in accordance with the following: tive requirements for length change, based on reference con-
14.4.1 Compressive Strength—Make and cure test speci- crete length change, are shown in Table 1.
mens in accordance with Practice C192/C192M. NOTE 14—Since the specific effects produced by chemical admixtures
14.4.2 Flexural Strength—Make and cure test specimens in may vary with the properties of the other ingredients of the concrete,
accordance with Practice C192/C192M. results of length change tests using aggregates of such a nature that the
14.4.3 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing—Test speci- length change on drying is low may not accurately indicate relative
mens shall consist of prisms made and cured in accordance performance to be expected from other aggregates having properties that
produce concrete of high length change on drying.
with the applicable requirements of Practice C192/C192M.
The prisms shall be not less than 75 mm [3 in.] nor more than
16. Infrared Analysis
130 mm [5 in.] in width and depth, and not less than 275 mm
[11 in.] nor more than 410 mm [16 in.] in length. Make one set 16.1 Scope—This test method is intended to compare quali-
of specimens from the test concrete mixture and one from the tatively the composition of different samples; results should not
reference concrete mixture, the air content of each mixture be interpreted quantitatively. A general procedure for the
being as specified. infrared analysis of admixtures is given.
14.4.4 Length Change—Make and cure test specimens in
NOTE 15—It is important that the same procedures be used on all
accordance with Test Method C157/C157M. The moist-curing samples to be compared with each other and it is preferable that they be
period, including the period in the molds, shall be 14 days. conducted by the same analyst. Major changes in infrared spectra may
result from: (a) water content differences due to drying variations, (b)
15. Tests on Hardened Concrete water picked up by hygroscopic materials, (c) reaction between the
potassium bromide and some other compound present, and (d) differences
15.1 Test the specimens of hardened concrete in accordance in time between formation of the disk and its use. Also, the threshold for
with the following methods: detection of individual components by infrared absorption varies widely,
15.1.1 Compressive Strength—Test Method C39/C39M. depending upon the identity and concentration of accompanying sub-
Test specimens at ages 3 days, 7 days, 28 days, 6 months, and stances. For example, significant amounts of saccharides may be present
1 year. Calculate the compressive strength of the concrete in a lignosulfonate admixture without their presence being indicated by
this test method.
containing the admixture under test as a percentage of the
compressive strength of the reference concrete as follows: 16.2 Procedure:
15.1.1.1 Divide the average compressive strength of the 16.2.1 Liquid Admixtures—Determine the residue by oven
specimens made from the test concrete at a given age of test by drying by 17.1 and dilute an aliquot of the liquid admixture

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
sample with distilled water to yield a dissolved solids concen- M4 = mass of stoppered bottle with sand and dried residue,
tration of about 0.015 g/mL: for example, a 5-mL aliquot and
diluted to 200 mL. Pipet 5 mL of above solution and add it to M5 = M4 − M2 = mass of dried residue.
a petri dish containing 2.5 g of potassium bromide and 5 mL of 17.1.2.2 Calculate the residue by using the following equa-
distilled water. Stir and mix to dissolve. Place in a drying oven tion.
and dry for 17 6 1⁄4 h at 105 6 3 °C. Cool and transfer the
dried residue to a mortar and grind to a fine powder. Work Residue by oven drying ~ percent by mass! 5 ~ M 5 3 100! /M 3 (1)
quickly to avoid moisture pick-up. Measure 0.1 g of the 17.1.3 Precision—The maximum multilaboratory coeffi-
powder and 0.4 g of potassium bromide. Mix in an electric cient of variation for residue by oven drying (liquid admix-
amalgamator for 30 s using stainless steel capsule and balls. tures) has been found to be 1.25 %. Therefore, results of tests
Proceed in accordance with 16.2.3. by two different laboratories on identical samples of an
16.2.2 Nonliquid Admixture—Grind 10 g to a fine powder admixture are not expected to differ from each other by more
with mortar and pestle. Transfer the sample to a petri dish, than 3.5 % of their average (Note 17). The maximum single-
place in a drying oven and dry for 17 6 1⁄4 h at 105 6 3 °C. operator coefficient of variation has been found to be 0.6 %.
Measure approximately 0.005 g of the dried powder and 0.995 Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same
g of potassium bromide. Mix in an electric amalgamator for 30 operator on the same material are not expected to differ by
s using stainless steel capsule and balls. Proceed in accordance more than 1.7 %.
with 16.2.3.
NOTE 17—The precision statements are based on the maximum
16.2.3 To prepare a disk for infrared analysis, measure variation of tests made in 18 laboratories on sets of three duplicate
0.300 g of the mixture prepared in 16.2.1 or 16.2.2 and transfer samples of two different admixtures.
into a suitable die. If an evacuable die is used, apply vacuum 17.2 Nonliquid Admixtures:
for 2 min prior to pressing. Continue vacuum and press at a 17.2.1 Place about 3 g of the nonliquid admixture into a
suitable force for 3 min, producing a disk about 1-mm thick. dried and tared glass-stoppered weighing bottle. Stopper and
Remove the disk from the die, insert into the infrared weigh bottle and contents to the nearest 0.001 g. Remove the
spectrophotometer, and obtain infrared absorption spectra. stopper and immediately place both bottle and stopper in a
drying oven. Dry for 17 6 1⁄4 h at 105 6 3°C. At the end of the
17. Residue by Oven Drying drying period, transfer to the desiccator, cool to room
17.1 Liquid Admixtures: temperature, stopper the weighing bottle, and determine the
17.1.1 Place 25 to 30 g of 20–30 sand (Specification C778) mass to the nearest 0.001 g.
in a wide-mouth, low-form (about 60 mm inside diameter and 17.2.2 Calculation:
30 mm in height) glass weighing bottle provided with a 17.2.2.1 Record the following masses:
ground-glass stopper. Place the weighing bottle and stopper,
with stopper removed, in a drying oven and dry for 17 6 1⁄4 h Ma = mass of tared stoppered weighing bottle and sample
at 105 6 3 °C (Note 16). The drying oven must be either a before drying,
Mb = mass of empty, stoppered weighing bottle,
forced circulation type or one with provision for free access of
Mc = (Ma − Mb) = mass of sample,
air. Precise control of temperature and time of drying is Md = mass of tared stoppered weighing bottle and sample
essential so that the degree of volatilization of the material after drying, and
other than water from sample will not vary. Transfer to a Me = (Md − Mb) = mass of oven-dried residue.
desiccator, cool to room temperature, insert the stopper in the
weighing bottle, and determine the mass to the nearest 0.001 g. 17.2.2.2 Calculate the oven dried residue by using the
Remove the stopper and, using a pipet, evenly distribute 4 mL following equation:
of the liquid admixture over the sand. Immediately insert the Residue by oven drying ~ mass percent! 5 ~ M e 3 100! /M c (2)
stopper to avoid loss by evaporation and determine the mass to
17.2.3 Precision—The maximum multilaboratory coeffi-
the nearest 0.001 g. Remove the stopper and place both the
cient of variation for residue by oven drying (nonliquid
bottle and stopper in a drying oven. Dry for 17 6 1⁄4 h at 105
admixtures) has been found to be 1.40 %. Therefore, results of
6 3 °C. At the end of the drying period, transfer to a desiccator,
tests by two different laboratories on identical samples of an
cool to room temperature, stopper the weighing bottle, and
admixture are not expected to differ from each other by more
determine the mass to the nearest 0.001 g.
than 4.0 % of their average. The maximum single-operator
NOTE 16—For laboratories conducting this test as a routine operation, coefficient of variation for residue by oven drying (nonliquid
previously dried sand and weighing bottles can be maintained in desic- admixture) has been found to be 0.48 %. Therefore, results of
cators so that they are immediately available for use when a sample is to
two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same
be tested.
material are not expected to differ by more than 1.4 % of their
17.1.2 Calculation: average (Note 17).
17.1.2.1 Record the following masses:
18. Relative Density [Specific Gravity] (Liquid
M1 = mass of stoppered bottle with sand and sample, Admixtures)
M2 = mass of stoppered bottle with sand, 18.1 Determine the relative density at 25 6 1 °C of a liquid
M3 = M1 − M2 = mass of sample,
admixture using hydrometers complying with Specification

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
E100. Hydrometers Nos. 112H through 117H will cover the greater than 3.0 % in non-air-entraining concrete; when the
range for most determinations. A 250-mL graduated cylinder, admixture is to be used in air-entrained concrete, it shall be
and a water bath capable of maintaining 25 6 1 °C will also be rejected when the purchaser desires if the test concrete con-
required. taining it has an air content greater than 7.0 %. Except when
18.2 Place a sample in the 250-mL graduated cylinder and testing in accordance with 10.2.4, other concrete materials are
put in the hydrometer in such a manner that it floats free and allowed to be chosen for reference and test concretes in order
does not touch the side of the cylinder. Place the cylinder with to conform to these requirements.
sample and hydrometer in the constant-temperature bath until 20. Certification and Report
the temperature of the cylinder, hydrometer, and sample is
uniform at 25 6 1°C. If all are at the proper temperature prior 20.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
to insertion of the hydrometer, approximately 10 min shall be manufacturer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to
allowed for equilibrium. If the sample shows evidence of the purchaser stating that samples representing each lot have
foaming, hydrometer reading shall be continued until constant been manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with
readings are obtained. Read the hydrometer at the base of the this specification and the requirements have been met. When
meniscus to the nearest 0.005. specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test
results shall be furnished.
NOTE 18—If foaming is encountered during transfer of the admixture to
the cylinder, sufficient time should be allowed for the foam to dissipate or 20.2 Report the following:
rise to the surface, or both, so that it will be removed before inserting the 20.2.1 Results of the specified tests and the relevant speci-
hydrometer. Crusting of the admixture on the hydrometer stem due to fication requirements with which they are compared,
evaporation during temperature adjustment should be avoided. 20.2.2 Brand name, manufacturer’s name, and lot number,
18.3 Precision—The maximum multilaboratory coefficient character of the material, and quantity represented by the
of variation for relative density (liquid admixtures) has been sample of the admixture under test,
found to be 0.316 %. Therefore, results of tests by two different 20.2.3 Brand name, manufacturer’s name, and other perti-
laboratories on identical samples of an admixture are not nent data on the material used as the air-entraining admixture,
expected to differ from each other by more than 0.9 % of their 20.2.4 Brand name, manufacturer’s name, type, and test
average (Note 17). The maximum single-operator coefficient of data on the portland cement or cements used,
variation has been found to be 0.09 %. Therefore, results of 20.2.5 Description of, and test data on, the fine and coarse
two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same aggregates used,
material are not expected to differ by more than 0.275 %. 20.2.6 Detailed data on the concrete mixtures used, includ-
ing amounts and proportions of admixtures used, actual cement
19. Rejection
contents, water-cement ratios, densities (unit weights), ratios of
19.1 For initial compliance testing, the purchaser is allowed fine to total aggregate, slumps, and air contents, and
to reject the admixture if it fails to meet any of the applicable 20.2.7 In the event that, in accordance with the provisions of
requirements of this specification. Note 13, some of the tests have been waived, the circumstances
19.2 For limited retesting, the purchaser is allowed to reject under which such action was taken shall be stated.
the admixture if it fails to meet any of the requirements of the
21. Packaging and Package Marking
Uniformity and Equivalence Section and of the applicable parts
of Table 1. 21.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages or
containers, the proprietary name of the admixture, the type
19.3 An admixture stored at the point of manufacture for
under this specification, and the net mass or volume shall be
more than 6 months prior to shipment, or an admixture in local
plainly marked thereon. Similar information shall be provided
storage in the hands of a vendor for more than 6 months after
in the shipping documents accompanying packages or bulk
completion of tests, shall be retested if requested by the
shipments of admixtures.
purchaser and is allowed to be rejected if it fails to conform to
any of the applicable requirements of this specification. 22. Storage
19.4 Packages or containers varying more than 5 % from the 22.1 The admixture shall be stored in such a manner as to
specified mass or volume are allowed to be rejected. If the permit easy access for proper inspection and identification of
average mass or volume of 50 packages taken at random is less each shipment and adequate protection for the admixture.
than that specified, the entire shipment is allowed to be
rejected. 23. Keywords
19.5 The admixture shall be rejected when the purchaser 23.1 admixture; concrete; flowing concrete; plasticizing ad-
desires if the test concrete containing it has an air content mixtures; plasticizing and retarding admixtures

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 C1017/C1017M − 13
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C1017/C1017M – 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 15, 2013)

(1) Revised Sections 2, 5.2.1, 6.1.4, 7.4, 7.5, 10.2.8, 11.1.1, (4) C125 added to Referenced Documents and Terminology;
11.1.4, 11.2, 13.1.4, 14.4.3, 16.2.1, 16.2.2, 16.2.3, 17.1.1, and, part of speech added to definitions under Terminology.
17.2.1, 18, 18.2, 19.4, and 21.1 to convert document into a (5) Revised 17.2.2 to eliminate confusion with mass terms
combined standard. defined in 17.1.2.
(2) Added new Note 1 and renumbered subsequent notes.
(3) Added C09.91 caveat on fresh hydraulic cementitious
mixture to 1.7 and new footnote 2; renumbered subsequent
footnotes.

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