Scribd
Upload
19 views

Lec-7 STT500

The document introduces central tendency and the arithmetic mean. It provides the formula for calculating the arithmetic mean as the sum of all values divided by the total number of values. An example calculates the arithmetic mean of 10 student exam scores as 83.3, which appropriately represents the average student in the class. The properties of the arithmetic mean are that the sum of deviations from the mean is zero and the sum of squared deviations from the mean is minimum. It also provides the formula for calculating the mean of tabulated data using frequencies.

Uploaded by

ElectricIceBird
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Lec-7 STT500

The document introduces central tendency and the arithmetic mean. It provides the formula for calculating the arithmetic mean as the sum of all values divided by the total number of values. An example calculates the arithmetic mean of 10 student exam scores as 83.3, which appropriately represents the average student in the class. The properties of the arithmetic mean are that the sum of deviations from the mean is zero and the sum of squared deviations from the mean is minimum. It also provides the formula for calculating the mean of tabulated data using frequencies.

Uploaded by

ElectricIceBird
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

LECTURE : 07

Introduction to Measures of Central Tendency.


1- The Arithmetic Mean and its Properties,
related question
Introduction
• What is Central Tendency?
Central tendency is a descriptive summary of a dataset through a
single value that reflects the center of the data distribution. Along
with the variability (dispersion) of a dataset, central tendency is a
branch of descriptive statistics.
The central tendency is one of the most quintessential concepts
in statistics. Although it does not provide information regarding
the individual values in the dataset, it delivers a comprehensive
summary of the whole dataset.
1- The Arithmetic Mean
• The arithmetic mean of a set of values is
the ratio of their sum to the total number of
values in the set. Thus, if there are a total
of n numbers in a data set whose values are
given by a group of x-values, then the
arithmetic mean of these values,
represented by '𝑋', can be found using this
formula:
𝑛
𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +⋯𝑥𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
•𝑋 = =
𝑛 𝑛
Example
There are 10 students in a class. The students take an exam and
their scores out of 100 are 75, 82, 69, 99, 78, 91, 87, 82, 93, 77.
What is the arithmetic mean of the scores? Does this mean seem
to represent an average student in the class?
Sol: The arithmetic mean is (75 + 82 + 69 + 99 + 78 + 91 + 87 +
82 + 93 + 77)/(10) = 83.3.

This is a reasonable depiction of an average student in the class -


the scores ranged from the upper 60s to upper 90s, with half of
the students scoring between 77 and 87. The arithmetic mean of
83.3 seems like it matches the class well.
Properties of Arithmetic Mean
Some important properties of the arithmetic mean are as
follows:
• The sum of deviations of the items from their
arithmetic mean is always zero, i.e. ∑(x – X) = 0.
• The sum of the squared deviations of the items from
Arithmetic Mean (A.M) is minimum, which is less
than the sum of the squared deviations of the items
from any other values.
• If each item in the arithmetic series is substituted by
the mean, then the sum of these replacements will be
equal to the sum of the specific items.
• Mean of tabulated data:
If x1, x2, x3, x4, ……. xn are n observations, and f1, f2,
f3, f4, ……. fn represent frequency of n observations.

Then mean of the tabulated data is given by

𝑋= (f1 x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + ……. fn xn)/(f1 + f2 + f3 +


…… fn) =∑(fixi)/∑fi
Example
A die is thrown 20 times and the following scores were
recorded 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 1, 3, 3, 5, 6, 6, 1, 3, 3, 5, 6, 6,
2. Prepare the frequency table of scores on the upper
face of the die and find the mean score.
Mean of grouped data:

You might also like