Animal Nutrition Lab - Dentition and Dietary Requirements
Animal Nutrition Lab - Dentition and Dietary Requirements
Animal Nutrition Lab - Dentition and Dietary Requirements
Dentition relates to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. More specifically, it is the specific
arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species. Observing the type of teeth an organism has can tell us what
type of food for which they have adapted. Dental formulas, like the example to the right, represent the numbers and
types of teeth a species has. Comparing the dental formulas can help us determine the diet of a species.
Fill in the following information for each skull using the dental formulas below.
3 1 4 3 1 0 0 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 0 0 3 3
3 1 4 3 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 0 0 3 3
● Baboon
Species: ______________________________
CARNIVORE
Reasoning:
0
OMNIVORE HERBIVORE
● Lion
Species: ______________________________
Reasoning:
Theirteetharesharp and
pointywhich is a trait seen in
carnivores
Analysis Questions:
1. Determine the dental formula for the species below:
I 8
Becausethey herbivores And
they don'tneedthem
are
2. Why do some species lack canine teeth? __________________________________________________________
3. What does this tell you about the function of canine teeth?They used
are to eat and chew
___________________________________________
up
Meat
___________________________________________________________________________________________
to chew plants
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you think all species require the same macromolecule (protein, carbs, fat) amounts in their diet? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Animal Nutrition Lab: Dietary Requirements
Introduction: The table below shows nutritional requirements for each species broken down by nutrients (protein, fats,
carbohydrates). Additionally, the mass of the total daily minimum amount required is provided in kilograms (kg). Note
that some diets vary due to different levels of fiber (indigestible plant material) consumed. Convert the Daily Amount
Required in pounds to kilograms. Use the example below to help you.
Table 1:
Amounts of
Amount of Food Calories
Macromolecules
Species
Protein Fats Carbs Kg
lbs Calories
(kg) (kg) (kg) (0.454 kg = 1.0 lbs)
African
1.32 0.50 0.00 14.96 lbs x 0.454 kg = 6.8 kg 12.13 – 14.96 10,000
lion
1 lb
154lbs x
41 7kg
Grevy’s
0.80 0.10 5.40 18.7 775 85kg 15.4 – 18.7 8,000
zebra
7 8.5 kg
New Range: __________ - __________
88lbs x MT 400
650
Guinea
0.11 0.02 0.16
143x 0.88 – 1.43 1,400
baboon
1400
New Range: __________ 650
- __________ kg
015
033x47
1049X47 020
African
0.006 0.002 0.0006 0.033 – 0.044 70
hedgehog
oh
New Range: __________ 020
- __________ kg
7. Which species consumes the most protein? Why do they need a lot of protein? What is protein used for?
needsthemostprotienTheyneed alotofprotienbletheyneedtohavemusclesandbestrongenough
thelionother
to hunt provenisusedto
animals buildandrepair
muscles andgiveyoucongtermenergy
8. Which species consumes the most fats? Why do they need a lot of fat? What is fat used for?
thelionsconsumethemostfat'stheyneeda lot of fat bletheyneeda lot ofenergy
Fatgivesyou energy
9. Which species consumes the most carbohydrates? Why do they need a lot of carbs? What are carbs used for?
Zehra's consume
themostcarbsTheyeat a lotofcarbsbe it easyforthem to collectbecarb'saregrass
Carb'sprovidethebodywiglucosewhichconverts
toenergy Carbs give energy
10. Who consumes the most food in general? Why do you think that is?
Lion'sconsumethemost
food I thinkthat'sbletheyarethebiggestoutofalloftheotheranimalsand
theyneedtohuntmore
Plant Matter:
Dietary Item Portion Size Protein Content (%) Fat Content (%) Carb. Content (%) Energy Available (kcal)
Quail
1blog 71.51.0725 31.990.4785 O O 21880kcal
Mouse
03kg 6412.01926 17 0051 O O 150kcal
Requirements
5.5 6.8 1.32 90 0 101000
Within range? Protein met? Fats met? Carbs met? Calories met?
O
Yes/No
O Yes/No
O
Yes/No
O
Yes/No
O
Yes/No
Grevy’s zebra: In the wild, zebras eat tall coarse grasses. At the zoo, zebras are fed different types of plant material.
Protein Fat Carbohydrates Energy
Portion
Dietary Item Available
Size
% Mass % Mass % Mass (Kcal)
Orchard Grass
5kg 11.9 6451.5 075 89010.425 91936cg
Cantaloupe
075kg 7.8 0585 1.4 0075 89.1 6.95 254cal
Cantaloupe
79kg 7.8 05851.4 0075 89.1 6.95 244kcal
Cantaloupe
73129 7.88 0585 1.4 0075 89.1 6.95 2551491
Strawberries
22512g 6.790.019 4.7 1011 90.1 10 72kcal
21.51 9982
7475 84
Total Daily Amounts
011
Requirements
7 8.5 80 110 5.40 8,000
Within range? Protein met? Fats met? Carbs met? Calories met?
O
Yes/No
O
Yes/No
0Yes/No
0
Yes/No
0
Yes/No
Guinea baboon: In the wild, baboons consume mostly fruit, but also some grass, leaves, insects, and worms. In the zoo,
baboons are fed fruits and vegetables, and sometimes small, living animals.
The baboon below has been fed 2 servings of banana so far. However, they haven’t met the requirements. Choose two
additional food items from the menu and add them to the chart to meet all requirements.
Protein Fat Carbohydrates Energy
Portion
Dietary Item Available
Size
% Mass % Mass % Mass (Kcal)
Banana
175119 3010.00529 690.00105 6915 113 156
Banana
O
range?
O
Yes/No
O
Yes/No
OYes/No Yes/No
oYes/No
African hedgehog: In the wild, hedgehogs eat worms, snails, arthropods, frogs, lizards, snakes, eggs, birds, small
mammals, carrion, fruits, seeds, peanuts, fungi, and roots. At the zoo, they are fed worms, insects, vegetables, and fruit.
Choose two food items from the menu that will help the hedgehog meet all requirements.
Protein Fat Carbohydrates Energy
Portion
Dietary Item Available
Size
% Mass % Mass % Mass (Kcal)
O
range?
O O U
Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
OYes/No
Analysis Questions:
00
11. In which type of foods is protein content the highest? (Circle one) Animal Matter OR Plant Matter
12. In which type of foods is carbohydrate content the highest? (Circle one) Animal Matter OR Plant Matter
13. Why must lions expend/use more energy than their herbivorous prey to eat?
Because lions need to hunt their food whileherbivorescanjust eat it
15. Do individual animals have the same dietary needs every single day of the year? Why or why not?