英语近义词辨析大全
英语近义词辨析大全
英语近义词辨析大全
这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。
Ⅰ.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿” “有些”。如:
① I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。
② He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。
Ⅱ.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如:
① A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。
② I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。
Ⅲ。a little 可直接修饰名词;a bit 后须加 of 才可以。如:
①. There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.
[注意] a little of 后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如:
①May I have a little of your tea?
Ⅳ. 否定形式 not a little 作状语,相当于 very/ quite, “很”, “非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于 much, 意
为 “许多” 。而 not a bit 作状语时,相当于 not at all, 意为“一点也不” ,作宾语时则相当于 not much. Eg:
① He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。
② He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。
③ She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。
Ⅴ. Not a bit 中的 not 可以分开使用;not a little 中的 not 则不能分开。Eg:
① He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。
② He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn’t fell a little tired.
§4 above/over/on/upon
Ⅰ. 方位介词, “在……之上”
Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.
① The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。
② The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用 above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为 under.
① Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。
Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。
① The book is on the desk.
② There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。
Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与 on 没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。
① He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。
[注] up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词
连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。
① We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。
② The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。
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§5 accident/incident “事故”
Ⅰ. accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。
① Twenty people were killed in the railway accident
② He met with an accident. 这完全是偶然的事。
Ⅱ. Incident 的意思是事件,尤指与较重大的事件相比,显得不重要的事件。它还可以表引起国际争端或
战争的事件。
① It is a quite common incident.这是很普通的事。
② The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 芦沟桥事件发生于 1937 年 7 月 7 日。
§6 accept/receive
Ⅰ. accept “接受” ,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。
① I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。
② We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。
Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:
① I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。
② He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。
③ He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。
[注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.
如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。
§7 at hand/ in hand
Ⅰ. at hand“在手边;在附近;即将到来”如:
① When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 他写东西时,手边总有一本字典。
② Spring is at hand. 春天就要来了。
Ⅱ. in hand “在手中的;现有的”引申为: “在掌握中;在处理中”。如:
① I have 100 yuan in hand. 我手头有 100 元钱。
② The police immediately had the situation in hand. 警方立即控制了局势。
§8 accurate/exact/correct
Ⅰ. accurate “准确、精确” 不仅表无错误,且表细心,谨慎地做到符合标准,符合事实或真象。如:
① Clocks in railway stations must be accurate. 火车站的钟必须准确。
② The figures are not accurate.这些数字不精确。
Ⅱ. exact “精确、确切”强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真象,丝毫没有差错。它这三个中语意最强。如:
① His translation is exact to the letter. 他的翻译翻译确切。
② Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很确切。
Ⅲ.correct. “正确”指按照一定的标准或规则,而没有错误。在这有一个词中,它的语意最弱。
① His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。
② The thing turned out to be correct. 事情结果是对的。
§9 ache/pain “痛”
Ⅰ. ache 通常指一种持续的隐痛。 它可以与表身体某部分的词,组成复合词。如:
① Where is the ache? 哪里痛?
② I have a headache (stomachache, toothache atc).
Ⅱ. pain 是普通用语。不含持续痛的意味,尤指一种突然的剧痛。除指肉体上的外,还指精神的痛苦。如:
① I feel a great deal of pain. 我感到非常痛。
② He cried with pain. 他痛得直叫。
③ I have a pain in the arm. 我手臂痛。
④ I have pains all over. 我浑身痛。
⑤ It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 听到不幸的消息很悲痛。
Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过,含义与 in 有
关。如:
① We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。
② The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。
Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与 across 通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及
跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。
而常用 across.
① She went across / over the bridge.
② He jumped across / over the stream 他跳过了小溪。
③ She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。
④ They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。
另外,over 作介词还有“翻过……”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。
§11 affair/matter/business
Ⅰ. affair “事、事情、事务”它的涵义最广,可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情, 也可泛指事务(通常
用算数,指重大或头绪较多的事务) 。如:
① The railway accident was a terrible affair. 那次火车事故是件可怕的事。
② That’s my affair, not yours. 那是我的事, 不是你的。
③ We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。
Ⅱ. matter“事、事情” 是普通用语,常指我们所写到或谈到的事情,要考虑和处理的事情。如:
① This is a matter I know little about. 这件事我不大知道。
② I’ll ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人。
③ There are several matters to be considered. 有几件事情要考虑。
[注] :在口语中,be the matter 相当于 be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如:
① What’s the matter? 怎么啦?
② What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦?
Ⅲ. business“生意、商业”产普通用语。它表“事情、事务”时,往往指一种任务、责任或必须去做的事。
此外, 它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。如:
① We don’t do much business with them. 我们跟他们没有多少生意来往。
② It is a teacher’s business to help his pupils. 帮助学生是教师的责任。
③ He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把为一位老大娘挑水当作自己的事。
④ It’s not your business.这不是你的事。
[注] :这三个词有时可通用,但不能任意替换。如:
Mind your own business.少管闲事。这里的 business 可用 affairs 替换,但不能用 matters.
§15. ago/before
Ⅰ. ago adv. “……以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如:
① It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。
② I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。
Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可
用作前置词或连接词表时间,而 ago 则不能这样用。
① He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。
(表从她说话那时起两天前)
② I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。
③ I’ve seen that film before.
④ I never met him before.
Ⅰ. at times “不时;偶尔”如:
① The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。
② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。
Ⅱ. at all times.“随时;任何时候;总是” 如:
He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。
Ⅲ. all the time “一直;始终” 其中 time 用单数形式。如:
The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。
Ⅰ. 这三个词都有“尽快、尽早”之意。
Ⅱ. as soon as 侧重于“极短时间内” 。还表示“一……就……”之意,引导状语从句。如:
① I’ll return it as soon as I can.我将尽快地把它还给你。
Ⅲ. as early as 侧重于一天中的早晨或在限定的时间内再早点,以便能达到预期的目的。如:
① You should arrive there as early as you can. 你应尽早到达那里。
Ⅳ. as quickly as 表做某事的速度非常之快或动作非常之敏捷。如:
① Please read the text as quickly as you can. 请把课文尽快读一遍。
because—→since—→(as)—→for
end of. 如:
① At the beginning of 1975 he came back to China. 1975 年初,他回到了中国。。
② This adverb can also be placed at the beginning of the sentence.这副词也可以放在句子的开头。
§61 at/ in
Ⅰ. at 和 in 都可用在地点名词前,用 at 时是把该地方视为一点,用 in 时则是把该地方看成一个范围。
如:
① Are your classmates playing in the park? 你的同学都在公园里玩吗?
② They are waiting for you at the park. 他们在公园附近(里面)等你。
Ⅱ. at; in & on 都可用在表时间的名词前。在点时间前用 at; 在表某一天或某一天的某个段时间(morning,
evening, day, night atc)名词前,用 on; 在段时间名词前(星期;年;月;周等)用 in. 如:
① I’ll meet you at eight. 我们 8:00 钟会面。
② See you on Monday morning. 星期一早上见。
③ The story happened in May.故事发生在 5 月份。
Ⅲ. 固定词组:如:in the morning ; at night.
§62 at/ to
Ⅰ. at 多表目的或目标,而 to 则仅表方向。如:
① He threw the ball at me. 他对准我扔球。
② He threw the ball to me. 他朝着我这个方向扔球。
③ My father shouted at me.我父亲对我吼叫。
④ My father shouted to me. 我父亲朝着我喊叫。
§83 alike/like
Ⅰalike 与 like 都有“相像”之意。但 alike 只能作表语,不能作定语,其前不能加 very , 只能用 much 或
very much 修饰,此外 alike 还可作副词。如:
The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟俩长得很相像。
Ⅱ like 可用作表语,也可作定语,还可作介词、连词用。作动词时,意为“喜欢”如:
① The two brothers are very like (very much alike)
② Like father, like son. [谚]有其父必有其子。
③ I don’t like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
④ Like causes tend to produce like results. 类似的原因往往会产生类似的结果。
Ⅲ.handsome. 多用于描写男人“英俊、健美”,用于女性时,主要指五官端正,而不一定秀丽。 如:
He was a handsome boy with large, bright eyes and fair hair. 他是一个英俊的少年,长着一双明亮的大眼睛和
金黄色的头发。
Ⅳ.lovely 指外貌的“美、可爱”,常指激情感,表说话人的赞赏和喜爱。如:
① What a lovely wife you have! 你有一个多么可爱的妻子!
② Mother bought me a lovely radio to listen in / at school. 妈妈给我买了一个漂亮的收音机,让我在学校收
听。
③ The lovely woman has a deep love for her country. 那个秀丽的妇女很热爱自己的国家。
Ⅴ.nice 与 lovely 相似。主要强调取悦于人的感觉。指外表的美。如:
It’s a nice day for a walk.
Ⅵ.good-looking 是普通用语,没有 beautiful 强烈,男女均可用,如:
Nearly all girls are good-looking, some are pretty, but only a few are beautiful.几乎所有的姑娘都是好看的,有
些是漂亮的,但只有少数是美丽的。
Ⅵ.fair 指白肤,金发的美女。
人民大会堂是座 高大的(指形状高大)建筑物。
巨大的(指容纳人多)
而 each 常用单数。但在下列情况下用复数,即它在复数名词或代词之后。如:
①They each have beautiful stamps.
Ⅱ.hat 的意思也是帽子,指有边的帽子,也是帽子的总称。如:
① Hat in hand , he came towards me. 他手拿着帽子,向我走来。
② These hats are in fashion. 这些帽子很时髦。
§115 care (about) / take care of/ care for
Ⅰ.take care of“照料=look after,即指喂饭照看等。如:
① Nurses take care of patients in hospital.
[注]:它还可表所负的责任,如:
① Mr Savage takes care of marketing and publicity. 萨维奇先生负责销售和宣传。
Ⅱ.care about 表你是否认为某件事是重要的,某件事是否引起了你的兴趣或使你忧虑,常用于疑问句或否
定句中,后接从句时,about 一般都要省略。如:
I don’t care whether it rains, I’m happy. 我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。
Ⅲ.care for 有以下几种意思
1)“照料”(特别是多用在正式的或较文的文体中)如:
She spent the best years of her life caring for her sick father. 她把一生中最好的岁月都用来照料她那有病
的父亲了。
2)“关怀” “关心”如:care for the younger generation 关怀年轻的一代
3)“喜欢、愿意”(多用在疑问句或否定句中)[care for sb. to do sth.] 如:
① Would you care for a cup of tea? 你喜欢喝一杯茶吗?
② I don’t/shouldn’t care for him to read this letter. 我不愿让他看这封信。
§116 carry on/ carry out/ carry through
Ⅰ.carry on 的意思是“进行、继续” ,如:
① I tried to carry on a conversation in English, but could not. 我想用英语进行谈话,但是力不从心。
② He told them to carry on. 他叫他们继续进行。
③ Carry on (with) your work. 继续你的工作。
Ⅱ.carry out 的意思是“贯彻、执行;完成、实现”,如:
① Sometimes it’s easy to make plans but difficult to carry them out. 有时候作计划容易而执行计划却很难。
② Our plan was carried out successfully. 我们的计划胜利地完成。
Ⅲ.carry through 的意思是“完成-----,将-----进行到底;使(人)战胜困难,渡过难关。如:
① Carry the revolution through to the end. 将革命进行到底。
② His courage will carry him through. 他的勇气使他战胜困难,渡过难关。
② He wanted very much to get a new suit and throw off his old clothes. 他很想买一套新衣服,好赶快脱掉他
的旧衣服。
强烈的情绪而失常。如:
① The poor fellow is mad. 这个可怜的人是疯子。
② The dog has gone mad. 这条狗疯了。
③ This worry is enough to drive me mad. 这烦恼足以使我发狂。
④ He is mad about the stage. 他迷恋于舞台生活。
式”或“代词/名词+不定式”结构。所表示的“希望”大体是可以实现的;此外,还可以接双宾语,表“祝
愿”或表委婉的语气。如:
① I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 但愿有一天我能坐宇宙飞船飞向月球。
② I wish I were you.但愿我是你就好了。
③ We wish to visit Yanan. 我希望能参观延安。
④ We wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。
⑤ I wish you a long life. 祝你长寿。
⑥ I wish you success. 祝你成功。
⑦ We can begin to work at once now if you wish(不及物动词)要是你愿意,我们现在可以立刻开始工作。
Ⅲ. want “想”其搭配关系为:want to do sth. Or want sb to do sth. 比较口语化,没有 wish 那样正式。
如:
She wants me to do with her.
Ⅳ. hope 表对愿望的实现抱有一定的信心。后接“不定式;that 从句。”但不能接 双宾语。
① I hope to be a doctor. 我希望当一名医生。
② I hope she will be well again. 我希望她会痊愈。
Ⅴ.expect “期待、盼望、预料”等,指对某一特定的事件的发生抱有颇大的信心。如:
① We are expecting a letter from her. 我们当时正期待着她的来信。
Ⅳ. in “穿;戴” 是介词。它构成的短语作定语或表语表其状态。其后还可接表颜色的词。如:
① She is in a coat . 她穿着大衣。
② The boy in blue is my brother. 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。
Ⅴ. try on “试穿/ 戴”如:
Please go to the tailor’s to have a suit tried on. 请到裁缝店去试穿一套衣服。
Ⅰ.expect 是及物动词,作“期待,预料,指望”解,表“期待某人会来或某事会发生”的意思,后接名
词、代词、动词不定式或从句。如:
① We expected you yesterday. 我们昨天就盼你来。
② We expect to meet you again next year. 我们期待明年再见到你。
▲ expect 可引申为汉语的“等待” ,多用于进行时态,主要指“期盼”的心理状态,其后不可接介词 for.
如:
③ Mr Brown was anxious. He was expecting you.布朗先生很焦急,他在等着你来呢?
Ⅱ. wait 是不及物动词,常常与 for 连用,主要指“等候”的具体行为。如:
① Xiao Hu is waiting to have a word with you. 小胡等着和你说几句话。
② I have a month to wait yet. 我还得等一个月。
③ We are waiting for a bus. 我们在等公共汽车。
§1 83 farmer/ peasant
Ⅰ.farmer 指经营农庄的人。
Ⅱ.peasant 包括雇农、小佃农或小耕农。在我国将农民都译为 peasant。
Ⅰ. fast “快”一般指物体的运动速度(speed)快,常用来形容交通工具跑得快,钟表走得快,人的动作
快等。如:
① A car goes faster than a truck. 小汽车比卡车跑得快。
② How fast the horse runs! 这匹马跑得多快呀!
Ⅱ. quick 指较短的时间或较近的将来即可发生或完成某事,常用来形容动作敏捷、反应迅速。如:
① Come quick! 快来呀!
② Please give me a quick reply. 请迅速给我答复。
Ⅲ. rapid 表速度之快,往往可与 fast 通用,但它多指运动本身。如:
① The boy is making rapid progress. 这孩子进步很快。
② Rapid speech is usually indistinct. 急促的语言往往不清晰。
③ The current was rapid. 水流得很急。
Ⅳ. swift 表速度很快而又常指运动平稳而不费力。如:
① Eagles are swift in flight. 鹰飞得很快。
② The curent was very swift. 水流得很快。
watch. 修理手表。
fix car. 修理汽车。
a
repair radio. 修理收音机。
road / bridge. 修筑公路/ 桥梁。
Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修补”破损的东西使其恢复原样,一般指较小之物。如衣服、鞋袜、伞和桌椅等。
如:
mend shoes. 修鞋。
a broken table 修补破损的桌子。
Ⅰ.gift“礼物”指较正式的礼物。如:
The watch was a gift from his father.
Ⅱ.present 往往与 gift 通用,但不如 gift 正式。如:
① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西是作礼物送人的,请你包扎得好一点。
② He gave me the book as a present. 他给我这本书作为礼物。
§201grow / keep / raise / plant
Ⅰ. grow & plant 都可表示“种植”如种植草、树、苗、花卉粮食等植物。grow 着重指种植以后的栽培、
管理过程。
plant 着重指“种植”这一行为。某人 plant a tree 之后,树是死是活,不一定管,但某人 grow a tree 则
包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。如:
① The students are planting trees on the hill. 学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用 grow)
② The farmer grows wheat in this field.那位农民在这块田里种植小麦。(不用 plant)
③ People grow bananas in Hainan. 海南种植香蕉。(不用 plant)
Ⅱ. keep 表“赡养”后可接表人或动物的名词,不用来代替 plant 或 grow. 如:
① He has a wife and three children to keep. 他要养活妻子和三个孩子。
② My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。
③ My uncle has a large family to keep. 我叔叔要养活一大家人。
Ⅲ. raise 除表“饲养(动物) ”以外,还可表示“教育(子女)”; “培育(植物)”。如:
① We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。
② My grandma raised a family of five. 我祖母养育了五口之家。
③ Where were you raised ? 你在哪儿长大?
④ He raised some flowers in the back garden. 他在后园里种了一些花。
[注]:raise 强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。如:
① Let’s grow / raise some flowers in the garden.咱们在园子里种些花吧。
② We grow rice, wheat and cotton in my hometown. 在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用 raise)
§202 glad/ happy/merry/ pleased
这组形容词都有:“高兴、快乐”之意。
Ⅰ.glad 多用在与人见面时的客套语中,指使人感到:情绪上有短暂的喜悦,常用作表语,一般情况下不
作定语。如:
① I’m glad to help you with your English. 我很高兴帮你学英语。
Ⅱ.happy 指使人感到内心的满足、幸福和愉快,祝贺新年或庆贺生日时常用到它,可用作表语和定语。如:
① Happy New Year! 新年好!
② I’ll be happy to meet him. 我将高兴地与他见面。
Ⅲ.pleased 意为: “对……感到满意/高兴”常与 be 连用,后面接介词 with(sb), at(sth) 等引起的短语,
或不定式;pleased 通常不作定语。如:
① He is pleased with his new job. 他对他的新工作很满意。
② She was very much pleased at the news. 她听到这个消息非常满意。
[注意]:以下结构可互换:
glad to do sth
be
happy + about/ at sth.
pleased that 从句。
Ⅳ.merry 除“高兴”之外,还有耳目可以感到的“热闹”,一般只作定语。如:
Merry Christmas!祝
§203 go / walk
Ⅰ. go 指朝着一定地点的方向运动。如:
① We go to school at seven in the morning.
② Please go downstairs to have lunch.
③ 此外,go 的主语还可以是动物、交通工具和机械等。如:
My watch goes fast.我的表走快了。
The train goes to Beijing. 火车开往北京。
Ⅱ. walk 指朝着一定地点或无目的地“走” ,常译为“步行、散步”如:
-- 48 -
Ⅱ.grow 还有“生长,发育”的意思。如:
① The rice is growing fine. 水稻长势不错。
Ⅲ.作及物动词,用法各异。
grow 种植,栽 如:
① Wheat is grown in north of China. 中国北方种植小麦。
increase 增加、增长 如:
① They are working hard to increase production. 他们正在努力工作以增加产量。
Ⅳ.increase 可作名词,意为“增加、增长” 。如:
①We are trying our vest to slow down the population increase in China. 在中国我们正在尽全力降低人口数量
的增长。
§214 have sth done/ have sb done/have sb do sth/ have sb(sth) doing/ have sb(sth)
+prep
Ⅰ. have sth done “让某事被做”如:
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。(让别人理) 。
Ⅱ. have sh done。 “让某人被……”如:
He had me whipped. 他叫人用鞭子打我。 (让别人打)
Ⅲ. have sb do sth. “让某人做某事”如:
I will have Uncle Wang repair my TV. 我要让王叔叔修理我的电视机。
Ⅳ. have sb./ sth. doing “让某人/ 某物处于某种状态。如:
① Don’t have the students studying all day. 别整天让学生們学习。
② They had the machine working all day and all night. 他们让这机器整日整夜地工作。
Ⅴ. have sb./ sth. +介词短语或副词,如:
① The teacher had her students in the classroom.老师让学生留在教室里。
② Have her here! 让她到这儿来。
§242 keekp doing sth/ keep on doing sth/ keep sb doing sth/ keep sb or sth from doing
sth/ stop……from doing sth/ prevent……from doing sth
Ⅰ.keep doing sth 表示“继续(不断)地做某事”指无停顿或停顿较短。或后接表静态的动词。如:sit sleep.
Wait, stand,等。
He kept sitting there for half an hour without moving. 他一动不动地在那儿站了半个小时。
Ⅱ.keep on doing sth 表经过一段时间的间隙后“继续做同一件事”后可接表动态的词。如 walk, write talk
等。还暗指不顾困难、反对、警告而“坚持”做某事。
They kept on working in the field, though it was raining.虽然天正在下雨,他们还是继续在田里干活。
Ⅲ.keep sb doing sth. “使某人处于某种状态”
Our Chinese teacher kept us reading by ourselves the whole class. 整个一节课, 我们的语文老师都让我们自
己看书。
Ⅳ.keep sb / sth from doing sth. “阻止、防止某人/ 某物做某事”如:
① The policeman kept the children from crossing the road when it was dangerous. 危险的时候,这位警察
阻止了孩子们过马路。
② Be carful! Keep the glass from dropping on to the floor. 当心!防止玻璃掉到地板上。
Ⅴ. prevent……from doing sth 与上同意,但较正式,隐含预防之意。From 在被动语态中不可省。如:
In many countries, laws have been passed to prevent factories from sending out poisonous gases and polluted
water. 许多国家已制定法律来制止工厂排放有毒的气体和污水。
Ⅵ,stop……from doing sth. 与上可代换。它常指现场的具体行为。如:
The policeman stopped the children from playing football in the street. 警察制止孩子们在街上踢球。
§243 kill/ murder/ slaughter
Ⅰ.kill 的意思是“杀”,是普通用语,不限于用刀杀人,而可指用任何办法把人或动物弄死。如:
- 57 - 共 80
§254 like / as
Ⅰ. like 用于比较或比喻,表示“像……一样”。
① Sometimes he behaves like a fool. 有时他的行为举止像个傻瓜。
② I beg you not to say anything like that to my parents. 我恳求你不要对我的父母说那样的话。
Ⅱ. as 则表示某人或某事实际上具有 as 后面所描写的特征或身份,此时 as 当“作为;当作”解。如:
① He works as a gardener. 他的工作是个园丁。
② Originally, our house was used as a hotel. 原先我们的房子是作旅馆用的。
Ⅲ. 另外一点要提及的是 as 可用作连词,后面接句子;like 在正规英语中不能用作连词。如:
① When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (谚) 入国问禁,入乡随俗。
§262 many/ much/ a lot of/ lots of/ a good or great many/ many a / a number of/ a
great or large number of/ a great deal of/ plenty of/ the number of
Ⅰ. many “许多、大量”修饰可数名词复数。如:
① Many students think so. 很多学生都这样想。
Ⅱ. much 指量而言,与不可数名词连用。如:
① He mever eats much breakfast.他早餐从来吃得不多。
Ⅲ. the number of “……的总数”number 指“数目、人数”是句中真正的主语。故动词须用单三式。如:
①The number of the students in our class is sixty-five.
其它的见下表:
作主语时
词汇 后面可跟的词
谓语动词的形式
many 复数可数名词 复数
much 不可数名词 单三式
复数可数名词与不
可数名词(一般用
a lot of 复数或
于肯定句中;否定
lots of 单三式
句和疑问句多用
many, much)
-- 62 -
good
复数可数名词 复数
a great many
many a 单数可数名词 单三式
great
a of
number
a number of 复数可数名词 复数
great
numbers of
large
复数可数名词 复数或
a great deal of
与不可数名词 单三式
复数可数名词或不
可数名词(一般用
于肯定句中;否定 复数或
plenty of
句或疑问句多用 单三式
enough, many
much)
④ I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.我不喜欢冬天,因为雪和冰太多了。
3. 用作副词词组,修饰动词,如:
⑤ Don’t speak too much. 别讲得太多。
[注]:much too 与 too much 都可用作副词词组,但 too much 不可以修饰形容词,much too 不可以修饰
动词。
§275 no / not
Ⅰ. no “不”既可作形容词,又可作副词。作形容词时用来否定名词、代词或动名词。作副词时,主要用
于否定回答。
① The poor boy had no money for books. 那个穷孩子没钱买书。
② No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
③ Isn’t he a teacher? No, he isn’t.
Ⅱ. not “不”只用作副词。用来否定动词、不定式、形容词或副词。通常放在“三类词” (情态动词,助
动词,系动词)之后,行为动词之前。否定不定式时,直接放在不定式的小品词 to 前。如:
① I have not been to Beijing.
② He doesn’t like reading.
▲ no 和 not 都可与形容词或副词的比较级连用,但句子的含义不同。如:
① I am no taller than he. 我不比他高。 (两人都矮)
② I am not taller than he. 我不比他更高。 (两人都高)
▲ no = not a 或 not any 如:
① She has no books = She doesn’t have a book. = She does not have any books.
▲ no 表示它所修饰的名词的相反的意思。而 not 只能表示一般的否定。如:
① He is no teacher. 他根本(绝)不是老师。 (不善于教书)
② He is not a teacher. 他不是老师。 (可能是其它职业)
③ He is no fool = He is clever. 他不笨(他是聪明的)
④ He is not a fool. 他不是个傻子。
他都是乐呵呵的。
Ⅲ.whatever 还可以解作 “凡是……的;所……的东西”(anything that),用来引导一个名词性从句,这
时不能用 no matter what 替换。如:
① Take whatever you want. 你要什么就拿什么吧。
② Whatever I have is yours. 我所有的东西全都是你的。
Ⅳ. what ever 中的 ever 意为“究竟;到底”,用在疑问词 what 后面,以加强语气,着重表示说话者的情
绪,如惊讶、愤怒、兴奋等,what ever 在意义上等于 what on earth 或 what in the world, 其他疑问词也
可以这样用。如:
① What ever do you think you’re doing?你想想,你到底在干什么?
② Who ever left the door open?究竟是谁把门敞着不关?
③ Where ever did you pick up the pen? 你到底在哪儿捡到的这支钢笔?
Excuse 则用于打扰别人或防碍别人的场合。
① Please pardon me for not arriving sooner. 请原谅我没有及时赶到。
② I did wrong and I’m going to beg their pardon. 我做错了,我打算去请求他们原谅我。
③ I’m sorry to hear that your mother is ill. 听说你的母亲病了,我很难过。
④ You’ll be sorry about that. 你会为此事后悔的。
⑤ Excuse me, may use your pen?
Ⅰ. Quite 是程度副词,可修饰副词、形容词和动词。跟表程度的词连用时,有“相当”“非常”的意思;
跟没有程度差别的词连用时,作“完全”讲。如:
① I feel quite well. 我觉得身体不很不错。
② I am quite tired. 我相当 累了。
③ We are not quite ready. 我们还没有完全准备好。
Ⅱ. Very 也是程度副词。 “很;非常”可用来修饰形容词或副词。 如:
① This factory is very large.
② He runs very fast.
[注意]:very 不能直接修饰动词。如:
① I quite like her. = I like her very much
Ⅲ. Quite 与 very 有时可以通用。但在份量上 very 比 quite 重。试比较:
① His English is quite good.(= not bad)他的英语很不错。
② His English is very good. (= excellent)他的英语好极了。
Ⅳ. Quite & very 与不定冠词连用时位置不同。即依照: “a(n)+very+形容词+中心名词”和“quite + a(n) +
形容词 +中心词”的顺序排列。 如:
① Jimes was quite a small baby. Jimes 是个小孩子。
② Jimes was a very small baby. Jimes 是个很小的孩子。
Ⅴ. Too “太、过分”含有超过容许的程度。带有否定的意味。
① It is too cold today. 今天太冷了。 (含有不喜欢或不……)
② It was very cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。
[注意]:very 不能与 too 连用。不可以说:It’s very too cold.应将 very 改为 much 或 far.如:
① The cap is too big for me.
genuine [`dЗenju:in]指没有掺假的,货真价实的,强调纯真度。如:
Is the bracelet[`breislit] genuine gold? 这手镯是真金的吗?
如:
③ They stopped to talk to me. 他们停下来和我交谈。
④ Let’s stop to have a rest 让我们停下来休息一会儿。
Ⅲ.stop (sb/sth).from doing sth. “阻止某人/物不要做某事”from 可省略。=prevent sb. from doing sth; keep
sb. from doing sth. 但 keep~ 中的 from 不能省略。如:
⑤ We must stop him (from) doing such a foolish thing. 我们必须阻止他做这样的蠢事。
⑥ The Green Great Wall stopped the wind blowing the sand to the field of the south.
⑦ You’d better keep the fire burning. 你最好 让炉火一直着下去。
from burning. 把炉火熄灭。
② I know the person you mean,but I can’t think of his name. 我知道你讲的人是谁,但记不起他的名字。
④ We are thinking of going to Spain for our holiday this year.我们今年有 到西班牙去休假的想法(打算)。
⑤ What do you think of my new dress? 你认为我的新衣服怎么样?(可与 think about 互换)
⑥ She thinks of no one but herself.她除自己外不考虑任何人。
Ⅱ. 当它作“想到过去的某事”或“考虑到某事”解时,常与 think about 通用。即: “……考虑”;
“对……
看法”
① We have many things to think of / about before going there. 在动身去那之前,我们还有许多事情要考虑。
② 见Ⅰ④
Ⅲ.think about 可以表“想、回想”着重于想的过程。如:
① I am thinking about the friends I have lost.我正在回想那些失去了的朋友。
[注]:think of 可以表“想象一下,想想”而 think about 则不能。—→Think of your mother!想想你的母亲
吧!
—→Think of the danger! 想象一下危险吧!
Ⅳ.think over “仔细考虑”其中 over 是副词。如:
①I will think the thing over. 我要把这事仔细考虑一下。