Chemsheets As 1050 Hesss Law 1 Formation

HESS’S LAW 1 - FORMATION
Hess’s Law: The enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken
A B
e.g. the enthalpy change to go from A → B direct is
the same as going from A → C → B
• If the enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products in a reaction are known, the overall enthalpy change is easy to
calculate.
ΔH = [SUM of Δ fH products] – [SUM Δ fH reactants]
• Some people refer to calculations done this way as “type 1 calculations”.

• Remember that ΔHf of all elements is zero.
• Watch for the very frequent mistake of doing reactants – products, rather than products – reactants.
• If the overall enthalpy change for a reaction is known along with the enthalpy of formation of all but one of the
reactants/products, then this equation can be used to find the missing enthalpy of formation.
Example 1
Calculate the overall enthalpy change for this reaction: CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)
ΔfH CH4(g) = –75, CO2(g) = –393, H2O(l) = –286 kJ/mol
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Example 2
The enthalpy change for the following reaction is –2877 kJ/mol: C4H10(g) + 6½ O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(l)
Calculate the enthalpy change of formation of butane (C4H10(g)) given the following data:
ΔfH CO2(g) = –393, H2O(l) = –286 kJ/mol
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© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 16-February-2019 Chemsheets AS 1050

1) Calculate the ΔH for the following reactions given the values of ΔfH in the following table.
ZnCO3(s) ZnO(s) CO2(g) CO(g) H2O(l) Fe2O3(s) Al2O3(s) C2H4(g)
ΔfH (kJ/mol) –812 –348 –393 –111 –286 –822 –1669 +52
a) ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
b) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) → 2 CO2(g)
c) 2 Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → 2 Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)
d) C2H4(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)
e) C2H4(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 CO(g) + 2 H2O(l)
2) The ΔH for the following reaction is shown.
-1
N2H4(l) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(l) + N2(g) ΔH = –623 kJ mol
-1
Given that the ΔfH of H2O(g) is –286 kJ mol , calculate the ΔfH of N2H4(l).
3) Calculate the ΔfH of ethane, C2H6(g), given the enthalpy change for the following reaction and the ΔfH of ethene,
-1
C2H4(g), which is +52 kJ mol .
-1
C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g) ΔH = –137 kJ mol
4) Use the enthalpies of formation below to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction.
3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O(g) → 4 H2(g) + Fe3O4(s)
-1
ΔfH: H2O(g) –242; Fe3O4(s) –1117 kJ mol
5) The ΔH for the following reaction is shown. Use it and the ΔfH values below to calculate the ΔfH of Pb(NO3)2(s).
-1
Pb(NO3)2(s) → PbO(s) + 2 NO2(g) + ½ O2(g) ΔH = +301 kJ mol
-1
ΔfH: PbO(S) –217; NO2(g) +33 kJ mol
6) Use the enthalpies of formation below to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction.
CH3COCH3(l) + H2(g) → CH2CH(OH)CH3(l)
-1
ΔfH: CH3COCH3(l) –248; CH2CH(OH)CH3(l) –318 kJ mol
© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 16-February-2019 Chemsheets AS 1050

Chemsheets As 1050 Hesss Law 1 Formation

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HESS’S LAW 1 - FORMATION

ΔH = [SUM of Δ fH products] – [SUM Δ fH reactants]

• Some people refer to calculations done this way as “type 1 calculations”.

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 16-February-2019 Chemsheets AS 1050

ZnCO3(s) ZnO(s) CO2(g) CO(g) H2O(l) Fe2O3(s) Al2O3(s) C2H4(g)

a) ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g)

b) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) → 2 CO2(g)

c) 2 Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → 2 Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)

d) C2H4(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

e) C2H4(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 CO(g) + 2 H2O(l)

2) The ΔH for the following reaction is shown.

CH3COCH3(l) + H2(g) → CH2CH(OH)CH3(l)

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 16-February-2019 Chemsheets AS 1050

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