GLOSARIO

Carrera: TSU Mecatrónica Área Automatización Cuatrimestre: Tercero (3°)

Asignatura: Sistemas Mecánicos I Periodo: Septiembre-Diciembre

2021,2022

Glossary - Mechanical System I

 Actuator - is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and
controlling a mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve.
 Acceleration – Is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to
time. The SI unit for acceleration is meter per second squared (m s2).
 Air compressor – is a device that converts power (using an electric motor,
diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air
(i.e., compressed air).
 Airflow – Airflow or air flow is the movement of air from one area to another.
 Axle – is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the
axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with
the wheels rotating around the axle.

 Bearing – is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the

desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts.
 Bearing pressure – is a particular case of contact mechanics often occurring
in cases where a convex surface (male cylinder or sphere) contacts a concave
surface (female cylinder or sphere: bore or hemispherical cup).
 Bearing surface – is the area of contact between two objects. It usually is
used in reference to bolted joints and bearings, but can be applied to a wide
variety of engineering applications.
 Belt – is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more
rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a
source of motion, to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement.
Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and
the shafts need not be parallel.
 Belt friction – is a term describing the friction forces between a belt and a
surface, such as a belt wrapped around a bollard.
 Bevel Gear – is a gear working another gear at an angle to it by means of
bevel wheels.
 Block and Tackle Pulley – is a pulley that uses one fixed and one movable
pulley to reduce the amount of force needed to lift the object by however many
pulleys are incorporated into the system.
 Cable - a strong rope or chain.
 Chain - a connected flexible series of metal links used for fastening or securing
objects and pulling or supporting loads.
 Circular Pitch – is the distance between one point on a tooth and the
corresponding point on the next tooth when measured along the pitch circle.

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 GLOSARIO
Carrera: TSU Mecatrónica Área Automatización Cuatrimestre: Tercero (3°)

Asignatura: Sistemas Mecánicos I Periodo: Septiembre-Diciembre

2021,2022

 Clutch – is a mechanical device which engages and disengages power

transmission especially from driving shaft to driven shaft.

 CNC – is the automated control of machining tools (drills, boring tools, lathes)
by means of a computer. An NC machine alters a blank piece of material
(metal, plastic, wood, ceramic, or composite) to meet precise specifications by
following programmed instructions and without a manual operator.
 Computer-aided design – (CAD) is the use of computer
systems (or workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or
optimization of a design.
 Computer-aided manufacturing - (CAM) is the use of software to
control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces.

 Conservation of mass – The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass

conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers
of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time,
as system's mass cannot change, so quantity can neither be added nor be
removed.
 Corrective maintenance - is a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate,
and rectify a fault so that the failed equipment, machine, or system can be
restored to an operational condition within the tolerances or limits established
for in-service operations
 Corrosion – is a natural process that converts a refined metal to a more
chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide.
 Cylinder – is a piston chamber in a steam or internal combustion engine.
 Detection — Assesses the chance of a failure being detected, with 1
representing the highest chance of detection and 10 representing the lowest
chance of detection.
 Diametral Pitch – is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitch
diameter, it indicates the relative size of the teeth on the gear.
 Driver – is a wheel or other part in a mechanism that receives power directly
and transmits motion to other parts.
 Driven - is the operated, moved, or controlled by a specified person or source
of power.
 Effort – is the amount of force required to lift or move an object or load.
 Engine – is a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion.
 Fixed Pulley – is a pulley that changes the direction of the force on a rope or
belt that moves along its circumference.
 Force - is anything that pushes or pulls on something else.
 Friction - is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers,
and material elements sliding against each other.
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 GLOSARIO
Carrera: TSU Mecatrónica Área Automatización Cuatrimestre: Tercero (3°)

Asignatura: Sistemas Mecánicos I Periodo: Septiembre-Diciembre

2021,2022

 Gear - is a toothed part that meshes with another toothed part to transmit
power, change speed, or direction.
 Groove - is a long, narrow cut or indentation in a surface.
 Helical Gear - is a gear wheel having teeth set obliquely to the axis of rotation
 Hoist - is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-
wheel around which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated,
electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its
lifting medium.
 Input Force - is defined as the force applied by the person on the machine.
 Input Distance – is the distance that the pulley string is pulled.
 Lift - rise to a higher position or level to a load.
 Load - a heavy or bulky thing that is being carried or is about to be carried.
 Lubrication - is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction
and wear in a contact between two surfaces.
 Mass - is a dimensionless quantity representing the amount of matter in a
particle or object. The standard unit of mass in the International System (SI) is
the kilogram (kg).
 Mechanical Advantage - is a measure of the force amplification achieved by
using a tool, mechanical device or machine system.
 Mechanical Efficiency - is a dimensionless number that measures the
effectiveness of a machine in transforming the power input to the device to
power output.
 Mechanical Work – is the product of force and distance.
 Movable Pulley - is a pulley used to reduce the amount of input force to lift a
load.
 Occurrence — Assesses the chance of a failure happening, with 1
representing the lowest occurrence and 10 representing the highest
occurrence. For example, a score of 1 may be assigned to a failure that
happens once in every 5 years, while a score of 10 may be assigned to a
failure that occurs once per hour, once per minute, etc.
 Output Distance – is the distance that the object or load is raised.
 Output Force - is defined as resulting force given by the machine on an
object when input force is applied.
 Pinion – is a gear with a small number of teeth designed to mesh with a larger
wheel or rack.
 Piston – is a disk or short cylinder fitting closely within a tube in which it moves
up and down against a liquid or gas, used in an internal combustion engine to
derive motion, or in a pump to impart motion.
 Piston Rod - the rod that connects the piston of a reciprocating steam engine
to the crosshead

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 GLOSARIO
Carrera: TSU Mecatrónica Área Automatización Cuatrimestre: Tercero (3°)

Asignatura: Sistemas Mecánicos I Periodo: Septiembre-Diciembre

2021,2022

 Pitch Diameter - is the diameter of the pitch circle and is used to calculate the
speed and torque to the driven shaft.
 Predictive Maintenance - is a technique to predict the future failure point of a
machine component, so that the component can be replaced, based on a plan,
just before it fails. Thus, equipment downtime is minimized and the component
lifetime is maximized.
 Pressure - continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by
something in contact with it.
 Preventive Maintenance - involves the systematic inspection of equipment
where potential problems are detected and corrected in order to prevent
equipment failure before it happens.
 Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis (PFMEA) - is a structured analytical
tool used by an organization, business unit, or cross-functional team to identify
and evaluate the potential failures of a process.
 Pulley - is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement
and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the
shaft and cable or belt.
 Rod - a thin straight bar, especially of wood or metal.
 Rope - a length of strong cord made by twisting together strands of natural
fibers such as hemp or artificial fibers such as polypropylene.
 RPN — Risk priority number = severity X occurrence X detection. By rule of
thumb, any RPN value exceeding 80 requires a corrective action. The
corrective action ideally leads to a lower RPN number.
 Severity — Assesses the impact of the failure mode (the error in the process),
with 1 representing the least safety concern and 10 representing the most
dangerous safety concern. In most cases, processes with severity scores
exceeding 8 may require a fault tree analysis, which estimates the probability
of the failure mode by breaking it down into further sub-elements.
 Shaft – is a pole or rod that forms the handle of a tool or a piece to transmit
mechanical rotation.
 Spur Gear - is a gear with teeth that project outwards from a cylindrical
surface.
 String - material consisting of threads of cotton, hemp, or other material
twisted together to form a thin length.
 Torque – is a twisting force that tends to cause rotation.
 Tribology - is the science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative
motion. It includes the study and application of the principles of friction,
lubrication and wear.
 Velocity Ratio or Speed Ratio - is the ratio between the velocities of the
driver and the follower or driven.

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 GLOSARIO
Carrera: TSU Mecatrónica Área Automatización Cuatrimestre: Tercero (3°)

Asignatura: Sistemas Mecánicos I Periodo: Septiembre-Diciembre

2021,2022

 Wear - is the progressive involuntary removal of material from a surface in

relative motion with another or with a fluid.
 Wheel - is a circular block of a hard and durable material at whose center has
been bored a circular hole through which is placed an axle bearing about which
the wheel rotates when a moment is applied by gravity or torque to the wheel
about its axis.
 Weight - is meaning only when an object having a specific mass is placed in
an acceleration field, such as the gravitational field of the earth.
 Worm Gear - is a gear consisting of a shaft with a spiral thread that engages
with and drives a toothed wheel.

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