Concept Paper Haha

Pasay City National Science High School
2888 Vergel St. Pasay City
Name: Xhian Miguel P. Alsola

Section: G9 Dalton
Title: Evaluating the Viability of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fish Scale Derived
Hydroxyapatite Coating as an Additive for Electrical Tape
Introduction
Fish scales are a common example of food waste that usually just gets thrown
in the trash, especially apparent in households which consume a lot of fish, despite the
useful properties of each component making up the scales in the field of
biotechnology materials (Rahman et al., 2018).
Hydroxyapatite (HA), a component from Red Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

fish scales has been a popular variable in the researching world when it comes to the
synthesis of nanomaterial from Kargozar et al. (2022) which state the material’s
promise in the field of cancer theranostics to Elsayed et al. (2022) which conclude the
material’s promise in the field of nanofertilizers. But when it comes to the material’s
possible uses in the field of electronic material that exclude the use of nanomaterials,
there is a considerable gap in knowledge despite the properties that HAp possesses
that would support it including the use of Hydroxyapatite in tandem with other
materials for the purpose of insulation, sufficient thermal resistance levels below
excessively high temperature, and evidence towards the material being fire resistant
(Zhu et al., 2022; Bulina et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2018)
With the rapid rise of recent technological advances, it’s natural that electricity
management, especially when it comes to newer technologies, will become a problem
when it comes to certain parts of important wires being pulled off which is considered
a hazard. Due to this, electrical tape hasn’t gone out of style and will continue to keep
being utilized as low budget solutions compared to the more expensive alternative of
buying a new product which cannot be supported by the majority of the current
population. Further development of electrical tape may be kickstarted by the
utilization of HA as an additive which in turn, also decreases food waste.
1
Objectives
To assess the viability of HA derived from Red Tilapia fish scales in the field
of electronics as an additive for electrical tape.
To determine the effectiveness of HA coated electrical tape compared to

regular stock electrical tape in the fields of insulation and heat resistance.
To analyze the difference in effectiveness of HA coated electrical tape and

regular stock electrical tape depending on the number of applied layers.
2
Rationale
The recent rapid advancement in technology utilizes wires more and more
when it comes to improved types of devices, especially in the digital world. With the
arrival of new technology, comes the prices skyrocketing for different products that
are becoming more and more relevant like wire connectors, extension cords, plugs,
chargers, and cables. The prices may be considered unreasonable for most household
environments so the usage of electrical tape as protection and insulation against an
exposed part of a wire is considered an effective solution for its price. This means that
advancement in the field of the low-cost solution, electrical tape, must be targeted for
the improvement of reliability. HA comes in handy here with many properties that
could contribute to better performance along with eliminating unnecessary food waste
that according to Rahman et al. (2018), is proven to contribute significantly to
pollution in recent years.
3
Methodology or Approach
Gathering of Materials
In terms of red Tilapia fish scales, which will be used for the extraction of HA,
they are relatively easy to accumulate since they are common food waste in local wet
markets around metro manila. For electrical tape, the researchers will use a vinyl type
tape from the brand Armak, which is available through online means or through
hardware stores. Deionized and Distilled water to be used in further processes can
both be bought online or through local stores depending on availability. HCl and
NaOH will both be provided in the laboratory to be used.
Preparation for Alkaline Treatment

Firstly, the fish scales to be used will be soaked in tap water and then washed
thoroughly in distilled water to remove impurities shortly before being left to air dry
in the laboratory. The scales will then be deproteinized through external washing with
0.1 M HCl and washed with distilled water then dried at room temperature. The scales
will then be ground to fine powder using mortar and pestle before undergoing alkaline
treatment.
Alkaline Treatment and Coating

5 M NaOH will be added into the fish scale powder then heated at 100°C and
stirred for 1 hour on a magnetic stirrer and a hot plate, available at De La Salle
University. But unlike the methods used by Zainol et al. (2017), sintering and
calcination after alkaline treatment will be skipped due to it yielding less HA and
more β-TCP. After treatment, the HA powder will then be treated as if it was a powder
adhesive and melted into a paste to be slathered onto the electrical tape.
Heat and Resistance Test

Since Armak electrical tape is rated to be heat resistant up to -7°C to 175°C, a
roll of tape with the HA coating and a roll of tape without HA coating will be heated
to 180°C for a brief 10 minutes to be accurate to real life situations wherein the device
is overheating. The rolls of tape will then be analyzed to determine which held up
better. When one of the rolls of tapes eventually becomes unusable, the other will
continue being heated with an increase of 5°C every time to determine the difference.
4
There will be different trials with one layer of tape, two layers of tape, and three
layers of tape, all done simultaneously since they can fit in the muffle furnace. Note
that this will be done with the help of a professional from De La Salle University.
Insulation Resistance Test

Insulation resistance test and data analysis will be done with the assistance of
a professional from the nearest TÜV SÜD Philippines laboratory. This will be done
with the use of an IR tester which will run a DC current through the rolls of tapes.
Again, the test will have trials of one layer of tape, two layers of tape, and three layers
of tape.
5
Review of Related Literature
Zainol, I., Adenon, N.H., Rahim, N.A., & Aiza Jaafar, C.N. (2019). “Extraction of
natural hydroxyapatite from tilapia fish scales using alkaline treatment”
MaterialsToday:Proceedings, 16(4), 1942-1948.
doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.072
Rahman, S., Abdullah N.A., Chowdhury A., and Yunus K. "Fish Scales as a
Bioindicator of Potential Marine Pollutants and Carcinogens in Asian Sea Bass
and Red Tilapia within the Coastal Waters of Pahang, Malaysia," Journal of
Coastal Research 82(sp1), 120-125, (1 September 2018). doi:10.2112/SI82-
016.1
Bulina, N., Makarova, S., Baev, S., Matvienko, A., Gerasimov, K., Logutenko, O., &
Bystrov, V. (2021). “A Study of Thermal Stability of Hydroxyapatite” Recent
Advances of Hydroxyapatite and Its Applications, 11(12), 1310.
doi:10.3390/min11121310
Chen, F.F., Zhu, Y., Chen, F., Dong, L., Yang, R., & Xiong, Z. (2018). Fire Alarm
Wallpaper Based on Fire-Resistant Hydroxyapatite Nanowire Inorganic Paper
and Graphene Oxide Thermosensitive Sensor. ACS Nano 2018, 12(4), 3159-
3171. doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b00047
Ebnesajjad, S., & Landrock, A. H. (2015). “Adhesive Applications and Bonding
Processes” Adhesives Technology Handbook, 206–234. doi:10.1016/b978-0-
323-35595-7.00008-5
Kargozar, S., Mollazadeh, S., Kermani, F., Webster, T., Nazarnezhad, S.,
Hazemzehlou, S., & Baino, F. (2022). Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for
Improved Cancer Theranostics. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 13(3),
100. doi:10.3390/jfb13030100
Elsayed, A., EL-Gohary, A., Taha, Z., Farag, H., Hussein, M., & AbouAitah, K.
(2022). Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as novel nano-fertilizer for production of
rosemary plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 295.
doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110851

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Pasay City National Science High School

2888 Vergel St. Pasay City

Name: Xhian Miguel P. Alsola

Hydroxyapatite (HA), a component from Red Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

To determine the effectiveness of HA coated electrical tape compared to

To analyze the difference in effectiveness of HA coated electrical tape and

Preparation for Alkaline Treatment

Alkaline Treatment and Coating

Heat and Resistance Test

Insulation Resistance Test

Review of Related Literature

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