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    STEMAZING Research Proposal Template 2022

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    It's Shan
    The document proposes a solution called BUBBLY to reduce the strength of typhoons by installing widespread deployable cooling tubes on marine vessels. The tubes would pump compressed air bubbles into the water to cool the surface temperature, thereby reducing the typhoon's energy source. This aims to prevent typhoons from making landfall or developing into stronger storms that threaten vulnerable communities in the Philippines. The methodology involves gathering materials, constructing the deployable bubble path, and adding a compressed air cooling system to the tubes integrated on ships.

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    STEMAZING Research Proposal Template 2022

    Uploaded by

    It's Shan
    5K views14 pages
    The document proposes a solution called BUBBLY to reduce the strength of typhoons by installing widespread deployable cooling tubes on marine vessels. The tubes would pump compressed air bubbles into the water to cool the surface temperature, thereby reducing the typhoon's energy source. This aims to prevent typhoons from making landfall or developing into stronger storms that threaten vulnerable communities in the Philippines. The methodology involves gathering materials, constructing the deployable bubble path, and adding a compressed air cooling system to the tubes integrated on ships.

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    The document proposes a solution called BUBBLY to reduce the strength of typhoons by installing widespread deployable cooling tubes on marine vessels. The tubes would pump compressed air bubbles into the water to cool the surface temperature, thereby reducing the typhoon's energy source. This aims to prevent typhoons from making landfall or developing into stronger storms that threaten vulnerable communities in the Philippines. The methodology involves gathering materials, constructing the deployable bubble path, and adding a compressed air cooling system to the tubes integrated on ships.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5K views14 pages

    STEMAZING Research Proposal Template 2022

    Uploaded by

    It's Shan
    The document proposes a solution called BUBBLY to reduce the strength of typhoons by installing widespread deployable cooling tubes on marine vessels. The tubes would pump compressed air bubbles into the water to cool the surface temperature, thereby reducing the typhoon's energy source. This aims to prevent typhoons from making landfall or developing into stronger storms that threaten vulnerable communities in the Philippines. The methodology involves gathering materials, constructing the deployable bubble path, and adding a compressed air cooling system to the tubes integrated on ships.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Title:

    BUBBLY: Construction of widespread deployable cooling tubes integrated on


    marine vessels with Compressed Air Pumps in Stabilizing Hydrothermal
    Imbalance
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    Summary:

    Typhoon Yolanda struck the Philippines and was the deadliest typhoon
    in the country’s history. Over six thousand people lost their lives and over 1
    million people’s homes were damaged, displacing over 600,000 people. The
    Philippines is becoming more vulnerable to stronger cyclones with its rapidly
    growing population. The World Meteorological Organization states that weather
    related disasters increased by a factor of five in the last 50 years, driven by
    climate change.

    One all-encompassing strategy has been proposed for dealing with the
    rapidly increasing strength of typhoons: BUBBLY. Globally speaking, the
    strength of typhoons is rising. A 10% increase in the strength of the typhoons of
    the NWP since 1970 is noticed due to increased Sea Surface Temperature.

    BUBBLY is designed with an innovative model of a widespread deployable


    cooling tube which pumps compressed air bubbles in order to cool down nearby
    water which in turn robs the accumulating typhoon of its energy source.
    Consequently, this prevents the hurricane from reaching landfall or at the very
    least prevents the possibility of the accumulating typhoon to develop into
    stronger magnitudes.

    This study will then be in favor of Filipinos, residing in a country located


    in the Pacific typhoon belt. This includes the mass coastal populations, which
    account for 45 percent of the Philippines’ urban population.
    Background of the Problem:

    Colbert (2022) indicated that global climate models suggest that as a


    result of global warming, storms would likely produce more intense rainfall
    and pose a greater risk of coastal flooding due to higher storm surge brought
    on by rising seas. Additionally, the frequency of storms may decline or stay the
    same globally, but the intensity of newly formed hurricanes is more likely to
    increase.

    With regards to this, the following Sustainable Development Goals of the


    United Nations adopted during the year 2015 will be centered:

    1.No Poverty

    2.Zero Hunger

    3.Good Health and Well Being

    6.Clean Water and Sanitation


    13.Climate Action

    15.Life on Land

    As for the involved Republic acts, the following are involved in the
    development, and instigation of ideal circulation alongside the establishment of
    infrastructures that provide a means for addressing the eradication and
    mitigation of Typhoons and its effects to the community:
    1. Republic Act 6613 Adoption of Modern Scientific Methods on Typhoon
    Moderation
    2. Republic Act 10692 PAGASA Modernization Act
    3. Republic Act 10639 The Free Mobile Disaster Alerts Act
    4. Republic Act 3467 Typhoon Relief, Repair and Rehabilitation

    Thus, an innovative model of a widespread deployable cooling tube which


    pumps compressed air bubbles in order to cool down nearby water which in
    turn robs the accumulating typhoon of its energy source. Consequently, this
    prevents the hurricane from reaching landfall or at the very least prevents the
    possibility of the accumulating typhoon to develop into stronger magnitudes.

    Furthermore, Oceantherm’s concept included in an article by Spata


    (2020) states that hurricane strength and damage could be considerably
    reduced by utilizing colder water from deeper in the water column to lower
    temperatures in the upper ocean heat layer.

    Proposed Solution to the Problem:

    The significance of this research study encompasses the installation of a


    bubble path passing through deployable large pipes integrated on heavy sea
    vessels as a means for mitigating and possibly preventing the development of a
    typhoon that will cause devastating damage when it reaches downfall. The
    following procedures are proposed in order to attain the aforementioned:
    construction of large pipes and nets, attachment of said tubes to marine
    vessels,
    and the pumping of compressed air underwater from the tanks located in the
    vessels to the pipes in order to create rising air bubbles. The involved
    authorities are being provided a means of tending to the rising intensity on
    typhoons seen as the Philippines is located within the typhoon belt, an efficient
    and feasible method that will overall benefit the citizens in terms of disaster
    and risk reduction and mitigation, maintenance of crop yield, and reducing the
    effects of hurricanes particularly destruction of houses, physical accidents,
    deaths, property, crop, and economical damages.

    According to Jayne (2023), the main cause of tropical cyclones is heating


    transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. When viewed as a heat engine, a
    typhoon draws heat from the warm ocean surface and releases it into the upper
    atmosphere, where any leftover energy is sent into space and carried to higher
    latitudes. Torricelli’s discovery of atmospheric pressure in 1643 states that the
    center of a low-pressure system has lower pressure than the surroundings.
    When winds blow in the direction of a low-pressure area, the air where they
    meet rises in the atmosphere. The water vapor in the air condenses as it rises,
    creating clouds and frequently precipitation. While in a high-pressure system,
    the core experiences higher pressure than the surrounding regions. From areas
    of high pressure, winds blow.

    An imbalance in temperature creates pressure as humid air rushes in its


    corresponding direction. In addition, based on the findings of Watershed
    Academy from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, an increase
    in the air temperature will cause water temperatures to increase as well.
    Furthermore, because of the inverse relationship between dissolved oxygen and
    temperature, there are lower levels of dissolved oxygen. The amount of dissolved
    oxygen decreases as the water temperature rises. Therefore, pumping
    compressed air through the submerged pipes will cause the amount of
    dissolved oxygen present within the designated area to increase, thus causing
    the water temperature to decrease. In turn, this dissipates the fuel of
    accumulating typhoons since there won’t be an imbalance in temperature and
    pressure preventing further possible catastrophic damages.

    Beneficiaries:
    Vulnerable Shoreline and Low-Land Communities
    Residential homes on shorelines and low-land communities are subject
    to further and increased risks due to heavier and more typhoons entering the
    Philippine Archipelago. This study aims to benefit communities near shorelines
    who are more exposed to water surges and flooding.
    Communities affected by flood and other various aftereffects of water
    surge and high tides are most vulnerable considering the current increasing
    volume of typhoons entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility.
    Communities living in precarious conditions such as low-land communities will
    gain an advantage on recurring problems by halting an upcoming typhoon by
    reducing its strength or completely eliminating it with BUBBLY.
    Climate change is expected to lead to more intense typhoons, higher sea
    levels, and storm surges. Storm surges are projected to affect about 14 percent
    of the total population and 42 percent of coastal populations. Informal
    settlements, which account for 45 percent of the Philippines’ urban population,
    are particularly vulnerable to floods due to less secure infrastructure, reduced
    access to clean water, and lack of health insurance.
    Fisherfolk
    The study benefits fishermen as well. Coral reefs, which are spawning and
    feeding areas for numerous fish species that support the livelihoods of
    fishermen, are impacted by ocean warming and acidification.
    Strong typhoons also keep fishermen from traveling out to sea to catch
    fish, which is how they make their living.
    Farmers
    Climate-related impacts, most especially typhoons, are expected to reduce
    agricultural productivity in the Philippines. Typhoons result in large floods that
    reduce the impact area’s total vegetative cover. As example, On November 8,
    2013, Typhoon Haiyan (also known as Yolanda locally) tore across the Central
    Philippines. 14.1 million people were impacted by the storm, which also
    destroyed 600 000 hectares of crops and cost the agriculture industry more
    than USD 700 million.
    Reducing the strength or even annihilating the typhoon can be a great
    help to the farmers to prevent their crops from being destroyed by typhoons
    and its floods
    Methodology:
    One all-encompassing strategy has been proposed for dealing with the
    rapidly increasing strength of typhoons: BUBBLY. Globally speaking, the
    strength of typhoons is rising (Emanuel, 2005; Webster et al., 2005; Knutson et
    al., 2008). A 10% increase in the strength of the typhoons of the NWP since
    1970 is noticed due to increased Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (Mei et al.,
    2015). BUBBLY will be built by a deployable bubble path and a cooling system.
    Construction of widespread deployable cooling tubes integrated on
    marine vessels with Compressed Air Pumps in Stabilizing Hydrothermal
    Imbalance, must be created in accordance with particular guidelines in order
    to be effective. There are five key parts that make up ISODAM: (1) Gathering
    the needed materials; (2) Construction of the deployable bubble path; and (3)
    Adding a cooling system.
    (1) Gathering the needed materials;
    The following table shows the list of the materials needed for the
    construction of BUBBLY: Construction of widespread deployable cooling tubes
    integrated on marine vessels with Compressed Air Pumps in Stabilizing
    Hydrothermal Imbalance
    Table 1. Materials and its Costing for A deployable path
    Item Model Costing

    Rust free Price may vary


    Steel Rods

    Beams Rust free Price may vary

    Pipe Glass Pipe; Inlet and Outlet Php 100.00 per meter

    Air Tank Air Tank Php. 3000.00 per


    piece
    Air Air Compressor Php. 5000.00 per unit
    Compressor
    Air Collector Air Collector Php. 1000 per unit

    300W,220V, Generator Php 3000.00 per piece


    Generator
    Transformer 300W,220V, Generator Php 5000.00 per piece
    Transformer

    Table 2. Materials and its Costing for the additional cooling system
    Item Model Costing

    Pipe Inlet and Outlet Php 100.00


    per piece

    Commercialized CW25000 Industrial Php.


    Cooling System Equipment for cooling water 35000.00
    per unit

    Generator 300W,220V, Generator Php 3000.00


    per piece

    Transformer 300W,220V, Generator Php 5000.00


    Transformer per piece

    (2) Construction of the deployable bubble path;


    Warm surface waters provide hurricanes with their energy, which also
    adds moisture to the atmosphere. Moisture increases as surface water gets
    hotter. A veteran submariner named Hollingsaeter claims that the upward
    movement of bubbles would force cooler water to the ocean's surface,
    theoretically depriving the hurricane of its energy. The hurricanes won't be able
    to grow as strong, claims Hollingster, if we can prevent the ocean from
    becoming so hot. When they enter the chilly water, they all vanish.

    In that case, a bubble path is proposed. The bubble path will be


    constructed by large pipes with holes in them to let air out from the depths of
    the ocean approximately 500 feet below sea level. As for the air that will come
    through the holes will be connected to the pipes of the air tank storage that has
    compressed air.

    The model is shown below.


    Figure 1. Model structure of the Bubble Path
    (3) Adding a cooling system;
    When dealing with ocean temperatures, it's crucial to understand that the
    temperature of the water often drops as you go deeper (The Temperature in the
    Mariana Trench, 2020). Oceans like the Pacific Ocean have relatively warm
    surface waters that go down to a depth of 500 to 1,000 feet. The thermocline is
    a layer that forms when the temperature rapidly dips below the surface waters.
    The thermocline is between 1,000 and 3,000 feet thick on average. Water
    cools much more slowly below this threshold. The temperature of the water
    varies between 34- and 39-degrees Fahrenheit (1-4 degrees Celsius) at places
    like the Mariana Trench (or the Marianas Trench; both spellings are frequently
    used) (The Temperature in the Mariana Trench, 2020).

    Figure 2. Thermocline
    In this case, the water temperature of the bubble path that will go up will
    be cold already. However, the researchers plan to add an additional cooling
    system to prevent cold water that will go up, rise its temperature.
    The cooling system is also connected to a pipe which is connected to the
    bubble path maker to make sure that the water will stay cool when it goes up. A
    commercialized cooling system will be implemented.

    Figure 3. Cooling system (image: froztec)


    References
    (n.d.). OceanTherm | Vital Research on Tropical Cyclone Mitigation. Retrieved
    June 27, 2023, from https://www.oceantherm.no/
    ... (2023, March 4). ... - YouTube. Retrieved June 27, 2023, from
    https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JC011
    7 77
    Colbert, A. (2022, June 1). A Force of Nature: Hurricanes in a Changing Climate
    – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. NASA Climate Change.
    Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3184/a
    force-of-nature-hurricanes-in-a-changing-climate/
    Niiler, E. (2020, September 1). Can a Bubble Net Stop a Hurricane? Some
    Norwegians Think So. Wired. Retrieved June 27, 2023, from
    https://www.wired.com/story/can-a-bubble-net-stop-a-hurricane-some
    norwegians-think-so/
    PocketMags. (2020). How to stop a hurricane | How It Works Issue 147.
    Pocketmags. Retrieved June 27, 2023, from
    https://pocketmags.com/eu/how-it-works-magazine/issue
    147/articles/908678/how-to-stop-a-hurricane
    The Temperature in the Mariana Trench. (2020, July 24). Infoplease. Retrieved
    June 27, 2023, from https://www.infoplease.com/askeds/temperature
    mariana-trench

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