CHP 7 QUESTIONS

1. CORRECT or FALSE?
I. An electron in an orbital that penetrates closer to the nucleus will always experience more
shielding than an electron in an orbital that does not penetrate as far.
II. The valence electrons in Beryllium (Be) experience a greater effective nuclear charge than
the valence electrons in Nitrogen (N).
III. An electron in an orbital that penetrates close to the nucleus will tend to experience a lower
effective nuclear charge than one that does not.
IV. An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is more shielded from
nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and will therefore have a higher
energy.
V. An electron in a 2s orbital penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons more than
electrons in a 2p orbital.

2. CORRECT or FALSE?
I. Life on earth evolved around the element Carbon. Based on periodic properties, boron and
nitrogen can be expected to be most like carbon.
II. Based on the ionization energies of the alkali metals, Li is expected to undergo the most
vigorous (synonym:strong) and exothermic reaction with Cl2 gas.
III. The following ionization energies belong to a third period element. The element should be
Si.
IE1= 578 kJ/mol; IE2= 1820 kJ/mol; IE3= 2750 kJ/mol; IE4= 11600 kJ/mol
IV. First ionization energy of Al should be smaller than Mg.
V. Ionization energy is always negative because energy is released upon removing an electron
from the atom or ion in the gaseous state.

3. CORRECT or FALSE?
I. The atomic radius increases in order of Br- < Br < Ca2+< Ca < K+ < K.
II. The atomic radius decreases in order of Cs > Sb > S > Se.
III. Metallic character increases in order of Sr < Al < Ga < Si < P < N.
IV. Mo3+ has 4 electrons in 4d orbital.
V. According to Coulomb’s law, the interaction between a 1+ charge and a 1- charge separated
by 100 pm has lower potential energy than the interaction between a 1+ charge and a 1-
charge separated by 200 pm.
 4. CORRECT or FALSE?

I. For each of the two electrons in a 4s orbital, principal quantum number, angular momentum
quantum number and magnetic quantum number are the same while spin quantum number is
not the same.
II. The atomic radius represents the radius of an atom when it is bonded to another atom and is
always smaller than van der Waals radius.
III. The energy separations between one set of orbitals and the next become smaller for 4s orbitals
and beyond and the relative energy ordering of these orbitals can vary among elements. These
variations result in irregularities in the electron configurations of the transition metals and their
ions.
IV. Transition metals experience a roughly constant effective nuclear charge as moving right
across the periodic table.
V. Atomic radius of transition metals decreases as moving to the right across a row in the periodic
table.

5. Which of the following atoms designated by their electron configurations, has the highest
ionization energy?

a) [Kr]4d105s25p3
b) [Xe]4f145d106s26p3
c) [Ne]3s23p2
d) [Ne]3s23p3
e) [Ar]3d104s24p3

6. For the following ions choose the smallest and the largest ions:
Ca+2 , Mg+2 , Cl - , Na + , K +
 7. CORRECT or FALSE?

I. An electron far from the nucleus is partly shielded by the core electrons resulting in an increase
in the effective nuclear charge that it experiences.
II. The energy separations between one set of orbitals and the next become larger for 4s orbitals
and beyond. These variations result in irregularities in the electron configurations of the
transition metals and their ions.
III. An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is more shielded from
nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and will therefore have a higher energy.
IV. 2p orbital experiences more of the nuclear charge due to its greater penetration and is lower in
energy than the 2s orbital.
V. The sublevels of each principal level are not degenerate for multielectron atoms.

8. CORRECT or FALSE?

I. The chemical properties of an element depend on its valence electrons, which are instrumental
in bonding because they are held most tightly and therefore the easiest to lose or share.
II. The elements in the same period (row) of the periodic table have the same number of valence
electrons and similar chemical properties.
III. Metallic character decreases as we move to the right across a period (row) in the periodic table.
IV. Since ionization energy decreases as we go down the column, the relative reactivities of the
alkali metals tend to decrease as we move down the column.
V. Alkali metals are excellent oxidizing agents.

9. CORRECT or FALSE?

I. The third ionization energy of Aluminum is very high because it is the energy required to
remove a core electron.
II. Oxygen has a lower ionization energy than nitrogen.
III. The order of increasing metallic character among Si, Cl, Na and Rb is: Si<Cl <Na<Rb
IV. The order of increasing radius among F-, Ne, O2-, Mg2+ and Na+ is: Mg2+< Na+<Ne< O2-<F-
V. The jump occurs between the second and third ionization energies for Li.
10. Which of the outer electron configuration would you expect to belong to a reactive metal?

a) ns2 np1
b) ns2 np6
c) ns2 np5
d) ns2 np4
e) ns2 np3

11. CORRECT or FALSE?

I. The ionization energy of S is lower than Se.
II. Ni has two unpaired electrons in its 3d orbitals.
III. The atomic radius of Se is bigger than O.
IV. Electron affinity of C is more negative (more energy released) than B.
V. The electron configuration for Radium (Ra) is [Rn] 7s2

A12. The successive ionization energies for an unknown element are:

I1 = 896 kJ/mol, I2 = 1752 kJ/mol , I3 = 14,807 kJ/mol, I4 = 17,948 kJ/mol
To which family in the periodic table does the unknown element most likely belong?
A) Alkali metals
B) Alkali earth metals
C) Transition elements
D) Halogens
E) Noble gases

13. CORRECT or FALSE?

I. The small, but important, energy differences between 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals are only due to
the shielding effect.
II. A 2p orbital is more penetrating than a 2s therefore, it has a higher electron density near the
nucleus and inside the charge cloud of a 1s orbital.
III. Absorption of light by a molecule may result in excitation of an electron to a higher energy
level.
IV. The emission spectrum of hydrogen contains a continuum of colors.
V. The areas at which the probability of finding an electron is zero are called nodes.
14. Consider the following orderings. Which of these give(s) a correct trend in ionization
energy?

I. Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < Si4+

II. Be < Mg < Ca < Sr
III. I < Br < Cl < F
IV. Al < Si < P < Cl