“Portable Multi-Directional Multi-Blade

Buxus Trimming Machine”

Synopsis
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Mechanical Engineering
By

Abhay Rawat (1716440002)

Aditya Dixit (1716440006)
Aditya Gupta (1716440007)
Ambuj Singh (1716440009)
Under the supervision of
Dr. Nitin Srivastava Sir
Head of Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology

Bhauti, NH-2 Kanpur
 Introduction
It is well known that the convenience and ease in the performance of cutting operations, can be provided
by power cutting tools. Various types of cutting tools have been are produced for special applications
since the special application of power cutting tools depends on the type of material to be cut at the same
time. Materials that can be cut are highly dependent on the cutting tool’s blades. The whole cutting
system consists of the body that contains the blade, and is the one that holds and rotates the blade with
a certain speed to make the blades’ cutting operation effective.

In the recent years, minimizing energy consumption along with building a resource-saving and
environment-friendly society has become a high priority in today’s world. also, agricultural processes
have seen a fast pace of modernization, which have resulted in an increased mechanization of
agricultural production. As a result, total power consumption of agricultural machinery has been rising,
which in turn results in higher energy consumption of agricultural production equipment.

The faster the blade rotates the better it can cut because it can withstand the material’s hardness due to
its rotational speed which is provided by the electric motor. For metals and harder materials, speed
motors are needed to enable the blade to withstand the heavy load but for wood and plastic, either a
high-speed or average type of motor can be used since its load is not that heavy compared to metals.
Specialized types of power cutting tools are all convenient in terms of operation but having a set of such
specialized tools on hand would be very costly. Some try to maximize the use of a cutting tool by
applying it to all kinds of materials, but this could risk damaging the blades.

The shape of the blade is also important. A thicker blade will be heavier and stronger and stiffer than a
thinner one of similar design while also making it experience more drag while slicing or piercing. A
filleting knife will be thin enough to be very flexible while a carving knife will be thicker and stiffer; a
dagger will be thin so it can pierce while a camping knife will be thicker to it can be stronger and more
durable. Many saw blades are designed to provide their best results in a particular cutting operation.

Teeth in a blade determines its cutting action. More teeth mean a smoother cut, fewer teeth means that
the blade removes more material. Crosscut blades have more teeth and make smoother cuts across the
grain of the material, rip blades have fewer teeth, are optimized to cut with the grain, and remove a lot
more material.

The main task of the mechanical designed is to synthesize a particular mechanism that achieves a
particular task and to remodel or to develop another mechanism with the help of two different
mechanisms. One of the mechanisms we used was Geneva mechanism; it is one of the earliest of all the
intermittent motion mechanisms. Geneva mechanisms are available on self-basis from several
manufactures, in a variety of sizes and shapes. They are cheaper than cams and have good performance
characteristics, depending on the load factor and design requirements. The other mechanism was slotted
lever mechanism or slider crank mechanism. This converts the rotary motion into straight line motion
by means of a rotating driving beam, a connecting rod and a sliding body.
 Relevance of topic (Problem Statement)

Project collaborators wants to solve the problem to design and construct a type of cut-off trimmer that
was portable and capable of performing cutting operations on different wood materials of horticulture
using a single integrated multi-blade unit of cutting tool with interchangeable blades which had the
capacity of withstanding mild loads and hard materials and the flexibility of cutting various kinds of
wood materials.

1. The main aim of the novelty is to enhance the ornamental plant production. It leads global thinking
on the successful integration of nature into the built environment. Through our landscape design
we promote the essential role of plants in creating vibrant urban areas in which people and
businesses can thrive. Our environment, human wellbeing, social cohesion and economies are all
improved by intelligently designed green space. We aim to develop an international standard for
green cities as well as being a focal point for green city best practice and a source of expertise.
2. Through the Ornamentals Production of landscape plants, Environment and Plant Health promote
the most sustainable, ethical and advanced practices in ornamental plant production. This a platform
to share environmental initiatives.
3. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) is also working to enhance Ornamentals
Production of landscape plants, Environment and Plant Health.
4. Assist the industry in the adoption of new practices of designing new varieties of horticulture
gadgets resulting from research thereby improving industry productivity.
5. Reduction in negative impact of surrounding environment on humans, by intelligently designed
green space we can truly "go green" to benefit the earth. Plants act as highly effective air cleaners,
absorbing carbon dioxide, plus many air pollutants, while releasing clean oxygen and fragrance.
6. landscaping design can be considered an investment for the future. A tastefully designed yard can
increase the overall value of property.
7. Landscape horticulture includes the production, marketing and maintenance of landscape plants.
8. Sustainable development
9. Stormwater management including rain gardens, green roofs, constructed wetlands.
10. Estate and residence landscape planning and design.
11. Landscape design for educational function and site design for public institutions and government
facilities.
12. Ecological design (any aspect of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by
integrating itself with natural processes and sustainability)
 Abstract

Trimming machine is especially designed for trimming, pruning, cutting spherical plants and shrubs. It
has very high working efficiency and can trim shrubs with a standard ball shape. The main aim is to
design a mechanism for cutting by giving intermittent feed. This intermittent feed is given by continuous
rotation of circular disk in Geneva mechanism. We have designed a belt drive with the help of Geneva
mechanism which is used for giving feed and gives smooth operation and smooth movement of the feed
at required time interval. The feed from the Geneva drive was cut by using slotted lever mechanism
which was designed using slider crank mechanism. With the help of this mechanism used in round bush
trimming machine is used in plant fields, green houses, and roads. It is a good solution for trimming
lots of round plants like boxwood with high efficiency.

The Design of a Saw Blade for a Power Tool attachment is discussed. First, the Technical Requirements
are established. The Design work is carried out, taking into consideration not only the routine
mechanical aspects of blade design like number of teeth and blade diameter, but also considerations
like structural stability and blade life. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the blade is also carried out, to
generate the prediction of structural stability. Blade Samples with the desired Tooth Profile were
manufactured. These Samples were then comparatively tested with a Standard Blade.

The trimmer machine is available in the various types like reel (cylinder) mower, rotary and mulching
mower, hover mower, riding mower, professional mower etc. but these are very costly and unaffordable.
It required a skilled person to operate. Hence, it was found necessary to have a grass trimmer which can
be operated by electricity (motor) with minimum initial cost and can be operated by unskilled labour.

In cutting soft elastic materials, friction is often the most relevant term of the total applied force, and
techniques to minimise the required effort involve the restraint of frictional dissipation. It is well known
from practical experience that cutting is made much easier if performed with a combination of slicing
and pushing. A slice-push effect, known to reduce the cutting force, can be introduced by skewing the
blade with respect to the travelling direction of the blade itself. The observed drop of the required force
is connected to the competing dissipative contributions, with frictional dissipation being reduced at
larger inclination angles. This study reports the results of several cutting tests on soft elastomeric plates,
in which we have recorded the experimental force-displacement curves during the insertion of sharp
stainless-steel blades. An energy-based model is employed to discern the different contributions to the
measured force in the various stages of the cutting process, with particular focus on the steady state
initiated after full penetration of the blade. The effects of the inclination angle of the blade are discussed
with respect to the steady state force obtained from the experiments.
 Proposed work methodology with supporting digram

The main aim of the designing is to construct a belt drive mechanism with the help of Geneva wheel
mechanism to make a flexible frame design of this model of trimming machine.
For starting input wheel, the pin gets locked into the slots of the Geneva wheel and produces the feed
until the pin get locked and for 90 degree of rotation the Geneva wheel and other remains constant. As
one end of the chain, drive is connected to the shaft of the Geneva wheel by crank mechanism and other
to the cutter with lever mechanism. So, when feed is produced the chain which connected to the shaft
start rotation and carries out the feed to the other end through the chain and remains still until the drive
pin get locked to the next slot. The crank lever which is place perpendicular to the chain drive and
Geneva mechanism start oscillation and cut down the paper feed from which was produced by the
Geneva mechanism.

The following the important technical terms needed to understand the design of the tool.
• Arbor Diameter. The hole in the canter of the blade where in the diameter of the shaft will be
fitted.
• Blade Capacity. This is a measure of the maximum depth of cut that can be achieved. An inch or
more can cut through 2 inches dimensional lumber at a 45-degree angle in a single pass as a general
rule, saws with smaller blade capacity weigh less and are easier to control.
• Blade Guard. Covering of the blade for protection when not in use and retractable to expose the
blade when needed.
• Blade Stud. Serves as the knot and locking mechanism of the blade
• Blade shaft. The shaft to which the blade can be attached.
• Wheel Guard. Provides safety guards on all operation to prevent injuries.
• Work piece. An object being worked on with a tool or machine.
• Rubber Sheet to Reduce Vibration. Having a 1.5 horsepower motor as the main source or torque,
causes the model to be shaky.
• Emergency Stop Button. The prototype has a simple electrical circuit that can be energized by the
on-off switch, but for safety purposes, emergency stop button would be necessary to prevent
unwanted errors.

Fig 1. Geneva wheel crank Fig 2. Projected design of

mechanism cutting blade
To determine the efficiency of the prototype, is efficient, tool efficiency was calculated through the use
of time study.
Time efficiency or e, in science, is defined as the ratio of the time delivered (or work done) by a machine
to the energy
needed (or work required) in operating the machine.
FORMULA: efficiency X 100%/ (existing prototype)

Framework Designing

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Electric motor, Belt & Pulley Design Portable Multi-Directional
Mounted bearing Shaft, Construct Multi-Blade
Projected design of cutting Evaluate Buxus Trimming Machine
blade

References
1) Faires, Virgil Moris. (1968). Design of Machine Element, 4th ed. The Macmillan Co., New
York.
2) Singer, Ferdiand; & Pytel, Andrew. (1996). Strength of Materials, 4th ed. Harper & Row
Publishers, New York.
3) Cooper, C. (1975), "The Portsmouth System of Manufacture" Technology and Culture
4) Optimization of the operating parameters of a grass trimming machine, Zulquernain Mallick*,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New-Delhi-
110025, India
5) Csanády, E., & Magoss, E. (2012). Mechanics of wood machining. Springer Science &
Business Media.

Checked & Approved by:

(Dr. NITIN SRIVASTAVA SIR)
Head of Department
ME, PSIT