Understanding Human Sexuality 13th Edition Hyde Test Bank

Understanding Human Sexuality 13th
Edition Hyde Test Bank

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exuality-13th-edition-hyde-test-bank/
Chapter 11
Attraction, Love, and Communication
1. According to the mere-exposure effect, you would most likely be attracted to a person
A. you see only on school vacations.
B. who you meet daily and who lives across the hall from you.
C. who lives in a city you visit monthly for office meetings.
D. you see once in a few years or so.
Feedback: Attraction, 272

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Identify the main theories of physical and psychological attraction.
Topic: Mere Exposure Effect
2. The mere-exposure effect refers to the tendency of people to

A. be attracted to others of the same gender.
B. be attracted to a boy or girl next door.
C. look more frequently at people they dislike.
D. dislike those they see more often in their daily lives.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
3. Brian is more likely to be attracted to Helen, who lives across the hall from him, than Sharon, who is a friend he sees once or
twice a year at parties. This phenomenon is known as the _____.
A. mere-exposure effect
B. bystander effect
C. social desirability effect
D. matching phenomenon

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
4. Sarah sees her childhood friend Brett only once or twice a year during holidays. She sees her colleague Ashton almost every
day as they commute to work together. Although Brett and Ashton are quite similar in terms of temperament and behavior, Sarah
likes Ashton more than Brett. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?
A. matching phenomenon
B. cross-race effect
C. misattribution of arousal
D. mere-exposure effect

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
5. Homophily is the tendency of people to

A. like people whom they see frequently.
B. be attracted to people of the same gender.
11-1
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of McGraw-Hill Education.
C. have contact with people who are equal in social status.
D. be afraid of interacting with people who come from similar backgrounds.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Homophily
6. Which of the following variables is associated with the greatest level of homophily?
A. education
B. age
C. sexual orientation
D. race

APA Learning Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Homophily
7. When we examine romantic relationships in which the individuals are similar, which of the following social factors has the
least homophily?
A. religion
B. age
C. race
D. education

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Homophily
8. Karen is a white, upper-middle class lawyer. She is more likely to have contact with others who are also from the middle and
upper-middle class. This phenomenon is known as _____.
A. the matching phenomenon
B. the mere-exposure effect
C. xenocentrism
D. homophily

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Homophily
9. As an upper class businessman, Todd has more contact with other businesspeople, lawyers, and doctors whom he does not
meet regularly, than with janitors, bartenders, or plumbers. This feature of his social contacts can be explained by the concept of
_____.
A. hostile prejudice
B. homophily
C. the contrast effect
D. the mere-exposure effect

11-2
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Homophily
10. In the context of a study conducted on college men and women, the relationship between one's degree of attractiveness and
one's dating history can best be summarized by stating that
A. contrary to expectations, physically attractive women have fewer dates than unattractive women.
B. more attractive people, in general, have more dates than unattractive people.
C. the physical attractiveness of men has no relationship to their dating history.
D. moderately attractive women have more dates than attractive and unattractive women.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Physical Attractiveness
11. Several studies have demonstrated that people express greater liking for more attractive individuals than for less attractive
ones. This phenomenon
A. is found in people as young as three to six years of age.
B. is not visible until middle school.
C. is nearly absent by the time individuals reach adulthood.
D. is limited to laboratory studies.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
12. In a study snapshot taken of college men and women, their degree of attractiveness was judged along with their dating
history. As a rule, the largest number of dates occurred among
A. the most attractive men and women.
B. the least attractive men and women.
C. the moderately attractive men and women.
D. the least attractive men and the moderately attractive women.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
13. The aspect of sex appeal that is most important to young men and women is
A. physical appearance.
B. smell.
C. general body size.
D. facial features.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
14. Terry is a politically liberal, attractive African-American man with a successful psychiatry practice. He regularly visits the
gym where he meets several women. According to the matching phenomenon, which of the following women would Terry be
most attracted to?
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A. Aisha, an 18-year-old second generation Indian immigrant, who is studying architecture at the state university
B. Maria, a Hispanic social worker
C. Jasmine, a liberal African-American woman, who is the first female attorney to be made a partner in the firm where she works
D. Kathy, a white political activist

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
15. Terry, an attractive 25-year-old, is interested in dating Brad who is a successful lawyer and is hardly interested in Bill who is
a plumber. However, Jiya—a less attractive 24-year-old waitress—thinks that Bill would be an acceptable date. Which of the
following explains Jiya's preference for Bill?
A. matching phenomenon
B. contrast effect
C. misattribution of arousal
D. mere-exposure effect

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Matching Phenomenon
16. In the "interpersonal marketplace" of men and women, there is a tendency for
A. successful women to be paired with attractive men.
B. successful women to be paired with younger men.
C. unattractive men to be paired with wealthy women.
D. attractive women to be paired with wealthy men.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
17. Which of the following statements represents a principle that presently operates in the interpersonal marketplace of love and
attraction?
A. The worth of persons is based primarily on their depth of character and not their looks.
B. Women's worth is based on physical beauty, whereas men's worth is based on economic success.
C. The most attractive males usually end up with high-status occupations but are paired with unattractive females.
D. The least attractive males usually end up with low-status occupations and are paired with the less attractive females.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
18. Women who were rated the most attractive in high school were significantly more likely to have husbands
A. sharing a similar taste in music.
B. possessing good looks and physical stature.
C. working in high-status occupations.
D. hailing from a lower economic strata of the society.
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Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
19. One of the real advantages of the Internet in developing a long-term intimate relationship is that
A. it provides relatively greater information about the person one chats with.
B. it highlights a person's body language and habits.
C. it forces people to focus on each other's interests and values.
D. it highlights a person's degree of physical attractiveness.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
20. "Our attraction toward another person is proportionate to the number of reinforcements that person gives us relative to the
total number of reinforcements plus punishments the person gives us." This statement describes
A. Byrne's law of attraction.
B. Sternberg's theory of love.
C. the attachment theory of love.
D. the two-component theory of love.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Theories of Love
21. In a dating experiment conducted by Byrne and his colleagues, it was demonstrated that interpersonal attraction was greatest
toward
A. physically unattractive individuals with dissimilar attitudes.
B. physically unattractive individuals with similar attitudes.
C. physically attractive individuals with dissimilar attitudes.
D. physically attractive individuals with similar attitudes.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
22. According to the reinforcement theory, we are attracted to people who are similar to ourselves in social characteristics
because
A. they are more likely to be nice to us and the interaction with them is rewarding.
B. they are quite likely to hold different individual values, even though they are like us.
C. it is more socially acceptable to partner with individuals who have similar values.
D. similar people are less likely to give each other positive reinforcement.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-5
23. Which of the following statements is true about sexual behavior from a sociobiological perspective?
A. Men and women face similar problems in their efforts to reproduce.
B. Men rarely need to identify reproductively valuable women.
C. A physically attractive person is least likely to be a sexually faithful partner.
D. Younger women are more likely to be fertile than older women, leading to a preference for youth.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
24. Which of the following is said to reflect developmental instability (DI)?

A. physical fitness
B. visible symmetry
C. fluctuating asymmetry
D. Body Mass Index (BMI)

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
25. Which of the following statements is true about visible asymmetry?

A. It is a normal variation in facial development seen in a sizeable proportion of the population.
B. It is a reflection of high reproductive success in women.
C. It is a sign that the bilateral features of the face have developed normatively.
D. It is a reflection of the inability of the developing body to buffer itself against random perturbations.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
26. The features on one side of Mark's face are not symmetrical to the features on the other side of his face. According to
sociobiologists, this reflects a _____.
A. high degree of facial attractiveness
B. potential development instability
C. fluctuating symmetry
D. high degree of perceived similarity between the bilateral features

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
27. Toby is a 30-year-old lawyer interested in heterosexual relationships. According to the sociobiological perspective of sexual
behavior, who among the following people would Toby find the most attractive?
A. Geena, an unattractive but wealthy 40-year-old woman
B. Natasha, an attractive 22-year-old poor woman
C. Jackie, an attractive and wealthy 50-year-old woman
D. Roger, an attractive 25-year-old sex worker
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Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
28. According to sociobiology, women essentially want mates who are

A. reproductively valuable and therefore select good-looking males as partners.
B. as young as they are, so that they do not outlive them for too long.
C. older and possess a higher level of sexual experience.
D. physically unattractive and have high income and social status.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
29. In order for a relationship to be intimate

A. it must be a long-term commitment.
B. it must be positive affective, cognitive, and physically close.
C. it must be sexual.
D. it does not necessarily have to include self-disclosure.
Feedback: Intimacy, 279

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Define intimacy and explain how it is measured.
Topic: Intimacy
30. Which of the following is true about intimacy?

A. It must have a physical dimension that is sexual.
B. It must be reciprocal but need not necessarily be equal.
C. It must essentially involve an equal sense of closeness between partners.
D. It gets negatively affected by self-disclosure.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Intimacy
31. In order to maintain intimacy, the correct response by a partner to self-disclosure is

A. nonresponse.
B. acceptance.
C. criticism.
D. passive aggression.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Intimacy
32. You are a psychologist who is going to measure the intimacy in a relationship. Which of the following statements would be
an indicator of high intimacy in a relationship?
A. "My partner does not listen to me when I need to talk to someone."
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B. "I quite often confide very personal information to my partner."
C. "I only feel close to my partner sometimes."
D. "My relationship with my partner is not that important because I have many good friends."

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Intimacy
33. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the emotional component of love is _____.
A. commitment
B. passion
C. decision
D. intimacy
Feedback: Theories of Love, 280

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the components of the triangular theory of love and understand how they combine to create different forms of love.
Topic: Triangular Theory of Love
34. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the intimacy component of love can be expressed through
A. commitment toward one's partner.
B. empathy for one's partner.
C. passion in sexual intercourse.
D. decision making capabilities.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
35. According to Sternberg, which of the following components of love includes our feelings of closeness or bondedness to the
other person?
A. infatuation
B. commitment
C. passion
D. intimacy

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
36. Shelby and Rita are best friends who lean on each other during hard times and depend on each other for emotional support.
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the bond shared by Shelby and Rita reflects the fundamental component of
_____.
A. decision
B. commitment
C. intimacy
D. passion

11-8
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
37. After dating Trisha for six months, Harry realizes that he is in love with her. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of
love, Harry's awareness reflects the component of _____.
A. commitment
B. empathy
C. ecstasy
D. passion

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
38. After dating for two years, Richard proposes marriage to Cara. This reflects the _____ component of Sternberg's triangular
theory of love.
A. infatuation
B. commitment
C. lust
D. passion

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
39. According to the triangular theory of love, actions such as intimate communication with one's partner and giving and
receiving emotional support to and from a loved one are expressions of _____.
A. lust
B. infatuation
C. passion
D. intimacy

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
40. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following actions is most likely to be an expression of the
commitment component?
A. declaring one's feelings to the partner
B. engaging in casual sex
C. engaging in passionate sex talk
D. disclosing non-personal information

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-9
41. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following actions would be an expression of passion?
A. negotiating
B. fighting
C. kissing
D. empathizing

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
42. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, sticking with a relationship through times when it isn't particularly
convenient is an expression of _____.
A. infatuation
B. commitment
C. lust
D. passion

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
43. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component that makes a relationship last is
A. infatuation.
B. commitment.
C. criticism.
D. lust.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
44. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component that differentiates romantic love from other kinds of love is
A. intimacy.
B. passion.
C. commitment.
D. attachment.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
45. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ is the motivational component of love.
A. passion
B. criticism
C. negotiation
D. conflict

11-10
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
46. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ is the cognitive component of love.
A. commitment
B. infatuation
C. passion
D. attraction

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
47. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ is the component of love that decreases, while familiarity with a
partner increases over time.
A. intimacy
B. criticism
C. commitment
D. self-disclosure

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
48. Making love is the most likely demonstration of the _____ component of Sternberg's triangular theory.
A. commitment
B. intimacy
C. passion
D. decision

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
49. Sternberg has found that the best predictor of satisfaction within a relationship is
A. the match between partners' levels of passion.
B. the match between the partners on all of the components of love.
C. the match between the number of reinforcements and punishments between partners.
D. the match between partners' intimacy relative to the match between partners' commitments.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
50. According to the attachment theory of love, _____ lovers are people who find it easy to get close to others and are
comfortable having others feel close to them.
A. secure
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B. avoidant
C. circumvention
D. anxious-ambivalent

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Attachment Theory of Love
51. According to the attachment theory of love, _____ lovers are people who are uncomfortable feeling close to another person
and having that person feel close to them.
A. secure
B. fearful or avoidant
C. approach

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
52. Anna has trouble trusting her boyfriend David. While David wants to engage in intimate conversations, Anna feels
uncomfortable with this closeness. She also maintains an emotional distance from most people in her life. Which of the following
attachment styles is Anna most likely to have?
A. secure
B. anxious-ambivalent
C. preoccupied
D. avoidant

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
53. According to the attachment theory of love, _____ lovers are people who desperately want to get close to a partner but find
that their partner does not reciprocate similar feelings.
A. secure
B. fearful or avoidant
C. approach

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss love as a form of attachment.
54. Barry and Irene have been dating for six months. Barry is possessive and insecure about Irene's feelings toward him. He
adores her and desperately wants the relationship to last. According to the attachment theory of love, what type of lover is Barry
most likely to be?
A. secure lover
B. avoidant lover
C. fearful lover
D. anxious-ambivalent lover

11-12
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
55. In the context of the attachment theory of love, research finds most adults to be
A. secure lovers.
B. obsessive-compulsive lovers.
C. avoidant lovers.
D. anxious-ambivalent lovers.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
56. Which of the following would be the best predictor of adult attachment styles?
A. separation from a parent during childhood by death
B. separation from a parent during childhood by divorce
C. one's perception of the quality of the relationship with parents
D. one's experience in sexual relationships during the adolescence period

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
57. Sternberg has identified several categories of love stories found in U.S. culture. Which of the following belongs to the cluster
of love stories that was found to be positive?
A. war
B. garden
C. addiction
D. horror

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the research on love.
Topic: Love Story
58. _____ love is defined as a feeling of deep attachment and commitment to a person with whom one has an intimate
relationship.
A. Apathetic
B. Companionate
C. Passionate
D. Empathetic

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Passionate and Companionate Love
59. _____ love is often the first stage of a romantic relationship.

A. Empathetic
B. Companionate
11-13
C. Passionate
D. Apathetic

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
60. _____ love is a state of intense longing for union with the other person and of intense physiological arousal.
A. Companionate
B. Platonic
C. Passionate
D. Empathetic

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
61. Which of the following happens to a romantic relationship as it progresses over time?
A. There is a shift, as the relationship progresses, from passionate to companionate love.
B. The passionate component of love becomes very important in long-term relationships.
C. Companionate love keeps the relationship together early on and then passionate love takes over.
D. Companionate love is present at the beginning of the relationship but slowly diminishes over time.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
62. According to White and Mullen, we go through several stages of jealousy. The first of these stages is
A. cognitive appraisal.
B. an emotional reaction.
C. a "jealous flash."
D. a reappraisal of the situation.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Love
63. When appraising jealous feelings, a constructive way to cope with them is to
A. maintain an emotional distance from the partner.
B. attribute the feelings to the rival.
C. discontinue the relationship until the feelings have been addressed.
D. communicate effectively with the partner.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Love
11-14
64. Which of the following chemicals is related to interpersonal trust?
A. oxytocin
B. progesterone
C. estrogen
D. serotonin

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Biology of Love
65. Which of the following hormones is produced at orgasm?

A. leptin
B. dopamine
C. morphine
D. oxytocin

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
66. Which of the following chemicals is associated with euphoria and craving?
A. inhibin
B. morphine
C. estrogen
D. dopamine

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
67. Which of the following is an effect of dopamine on the human body that is commonly experienced by people in the early
stages of love?
A. a higher need for food
B. an increased production of energy in the body
C. the issue of scattered attention
D. a higher need for sleep

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
68. Defining intelligence as those abilities that are measured by intelligence quotient (IQ) tests is an example of a(n)
A. research plan.
B. experiment.
C. attribution error.
D. operational definition
Feedback: Research on Love, 287
11-15
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Love
69. After playing a vigorous game of basketball, Ed experienced an increased heart rate and sweating from playing and found
himself more attracted to women than Tyrone who did not play the game. Which of the following best explains why Ed was more
attracted to women than Tyrone?
A. Ed's lower libido than that of Tyrone's
B. Ed's misattribution of arousal
C. Ed's homosexual orientation
D. Ed's insecure attachment style

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Two-Component Theory of Love
70. Jim is in a state of physiological arousal because his libido happens to be high at that particular time of the day. Further, he
encounters an elderly woman while in this state of arousal. Given the cultural context of the United States, which of the following
can be most likely predicted about Jim's response toward the elderly woman?
A. Jim would be attracted to her, and this attraction would then generalize to other elderly women.
B. Jim would probably not be attracted to her because she would not be considered an appropriate love object.
C. Jim would be more attracted to her if he were not aroused.
D. Jim would be attracted to her, but would suppress these emotions as they are socially unacceptable.

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
71. According to cross-cultural psychologists, on which of the following dimensions do cultures vary?
A. individualism and collectivism
B. commitment and intensity
C. morality and independence
D. individualism and morality

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cross-Cultural Research
72. The type of culture where two people, who have agreed to marry, describe their love for one another as companionate, or as a
friendship with a great deal of respect for the other is most likely to be characterized by _____.
A. collectivism
B. individualism
C. independence
D. capitalism

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-16
73. The kind of love that is most often associated with individuals in a collectivistic society is
A. love in an arranged marriage between people of similar social status.
B. passionate love between individuals who do not marry.
C. love that is high on components of intimacy and passion but low on the component of commitment.
D. misattributed love based on physiological arousal states.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
74. Which of the following are the four destructive patterns of interaction, as identified by Gottman?
A. disparagement, disapproval, offensiveness, and acceptance
B. condescension, contempt, disrespect, and defensiveness
C. criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and withdrawal
D. aggressiveness, submissiveness, defensiveness, and derision
Feedback: Communication, 292

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand the contexts of communication and how to be an effective communicator.
Topic: Communication and Relationships
75. "You're so impolite; you don't even care about the effect it might have on me!" Which of the following destructive patterns of
interaction as identified by Gottman is being highlighted by the above statement?
A. recantation
B. withdrawal
C. apathy
D. criticism

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
76. Kim and Joe get into a heated argument. Joe reacts by storming out of the room and slamming the door behind him. This
situation is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?
A. apathy
B. withdrawal
C. defensiveness
D. contempt

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
77. "You think I'm being selfish? When was the last time you did something nice for me?" This statement is an example of which
of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?
A. apathy
B. withdrawal
C. defensiveness
11-17
D. retraction

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
78. "You moron! Can't you do anything right?" This statement is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of
interaction as identified by Gottman?
A. recantation
B. contempt
C. apathy
D. withdrawal

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
79. In communication, _____ is what the speaker means.

A. effect
B. impact
C. intent
D. idea

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Effective Communication
80. In communication, _____ is what the listener thinks the speaker means.
A. effect
B. impact
C. intent
D. idea

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
81. "I know you think that I don't care much about sex, but I really wish I had more orgasms." This statement is an example of
A. checking out.
B. "I" language.
C. documenting.
D. mind reading.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-18
82. "The last time we made love, I enjoyed it and felt very aroused, but then I didn't have an orgasm and I felt disappointed." This
statement is an example of
A. defensiveness.
B. contempt.
C. documenting.
D. mind reading.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
83. "I need to talk you about something important. Can we discuss it now or would you rather wait until evening?" Which of the
following aspects of good messages does this statement highlight?
A. limited choices
B. documenting
C. mind reading
D. paraphrasing

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
84. Which of the following statements is NOT true about leveling?

A. It involves clearing up what partners expect of each other.
B. It essentially involves not saying anything that would deliberately hurt your partner.
C. It means stating your thoughts clearly, simply, and honestly.
D. It entails a "no holds barred" approach.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
85. _____ involves saying, in your own words, what you thought your partner meant.
A. Documenting
B. Editing
C. Leveling
D. Paraphrasing

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
86. "I understand your apprehension about having oral sex, especially since you've never done it before." This statement is an
example of which of the following techniques of good communication?
A. mind reading
B. documenting
C. validation
D. paraphrasing
11-19
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
87. Steve says to his girlfriend, "I noticed you didn't seem particularly excited last night, when I suggested that we go away
together for the weekend. Am I right?" This is Steve's attempt at
A. paraphrasing his partner's messages.
B. defensively communicating with his partner.
C. validating his partner's feelings.
D. drawing his partner out.

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
88. Which of the following is a finding in Gottman's research on communication in marriages?

A. In stable marriages, negative interactions dominated couple interactions.
B. In stable marriages, there were no negative interactions.
C. In stable marriages, there is more positive interaction than negative interaction.
D. In stable marriages, there is equal number of positive and negative interactions.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
89. _____ refers to a set of rules designed to make arguments constructive rather than destructive.
A. Fighting fair
B. Checking out
C. Drawing one's partner out
D. Rules of apathy

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
90. Which of the following is a true statement about the PREP (Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program)?
A. It involved married couples with spouses in the U.S. private sector.
B. Its major participants (about 80 per cent) were African American.
C. It measured outcomes such as communication skills, marital quality, and the marital status of couples.
D. It led to couples showing improvement in communication skills that persisted for long.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
91. In the context of effective communication, which of the following is one of the basic rules for fighting fair?
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A. storing gripes for months together and lashing it out on a partner all at once
B. focusing on who the perpetrator of the fight is rather than finding a solution
C. refraining from making sarcastic comments about a partner’s sexual adequacy
D. bringing children into arguments by asking them to take sides
Feedback: Communication
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
92. Explain what is meant by the statement that we fall in love with someone who is similar to ourselves—the social
characteristic of homophily.
Homophily is the tendency to have contact with people equal in social status. According to the concept of homophily, we are
attracted to people who are approximately the same as we are in age, race or ethnicity, and economic and social status. The
greatest homophily is by race, followed by education and age. Couples are least likely to share the same religion. We are attracted
to people who are similar to us for numerous reasons. We get positive reinforcement from that person agreeing with us. The other
person's agreement bolsters our sense of rightness and we anticipate positive interactions with that person.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Homophily

93. How does the interpersonal marketplace work in terms of physical attraction and resources?
In the interpersonal marketplace, whom we are attracted to and pair off with depends a lot on how much we think we have to
offer and how much we think we can "buy" with it. Generally, the principle seems to be that women's worth is based on their
physical beauty, whereas men's worth is based on their success. There is a tendency, then, for beautiful women to be paired with
wealthy, successful men. In fact, for both men and women, the person’s physical attractiveness is highly correlated with his/her
education, income, and a measure of social status. In couples, his/her attractiveness and success are highly correlated with her/
his attractiveness and success.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
94. Briefly define Sternberg's three components of love.

Sternberg's three components of love are:
a. Intimacy: This is the emotional component of love. It includes our feelings of closeness or bondedness to the other person. It
usually involves a sense of mutual understanding with the loved one; a sense of having the loved one hear and accept what is
shared; and giving and receiving emotional support to and from the loved one.
b. Passion: This is the motivational component of love. It includes physical attraction and the drive for sexual expression. Passion
is the component that differentiates romantic love from other kinds of love. It is the component that is faster to arouse, but in the
course of a long-term relationship it is also the component that fades most quickly.
c. Decision or commitment: This is the cognitive component which has two aspects. The short-term aspect is the decision that
one loves the other person. The long-term aspect is the commitment to maintain that relationship. Commitment is what makes
relationships last.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
95. Describe the three attachment styles that adults display in their relationships.
The three attachment styles that adults display in their relationships are secure lovers, fearful or avoidant lovers, and preoccupied
or anxious–ambivalent lovers. Secure lovers are people who find it easy to get close to others and are comfortable having others
11-21
feel close to them. Mutual dependency in a relationship (depending on the partner and having the partner depend on you) feels
right to them. Secure lovers do not fear abandonment. Fearful or avoidant lovers are uncomfortable feeling close to another
person or having that person feel close to them. It is difficult for them to trust or depend on a partner. Preoccupied or anxious–
ambivalent style lovers want desperately to get close to a partner but often find the partner does not reciprocate the feeling,
perhaps because anxious–ambivalent lovers scare away others. They are insecure in a relationship, worrying that the partner does
not really love them.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
96. Discuss how falling in love can be considered a love story with the help of an example.
When we think of love, our thoughts often turn to the great love stories: Romeo and Juliet, Cinderella and the Prince, etc.
According to Sternberg, these stories shape our beliefs about love and relationships, and our beliefs in turn influence our
behavior. To make sense out of what happens in our relationships, we rely on our love stories. According to this view, falling in
love occurs when you meet someone with whom you can create a relationship that fits your love story. Further, we are satisfied
with relationships in which we and our partner match the characters in our story.
An example of a love story is the war story. Each partner views love as war, and a good relationship involves constant fighting.
The two central characters are warriors, doing battle, fighting for what they believe. The plot consists of arguments, fights, and
threats to leave—in other words, battles.
The theme is that love is war. One may win or lose particular battles, but the war continues.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Love Story
97. Define passionate love and companionate love. Explain how these two concepts are related.
Passionate love is a state of intense longing for union with the other person and of intense physiological arousal. By contrast,
companionate love is a feeling of deep attachment and commitment to a person with whom one has an intimate relationship.
Passionate love is often the first stage of a romantic relationship, but as the relationship progresses, a gradual shift to
companionate love takes place. Thus, passionate love in time develops into companionate love.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
98. Relate what we know about attachment styles to the problem of jealousy in a relationship.
Research suggests that a person's attachment style may be an important influence on how that person responds to jealousy.
Undergraduates were asked how they had reacted in the past to jealousy. Those with a secure attachment style reported that they
had expressed their anger to the partner and maintained the relationship. Those with an anxious style reported the most intense
anger, but they were most likely to say they did not express their anger. People with an avoidant style were more likely to direct
their anger toward the third person.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Love
99. Briefly explain the two component theory of love.

Social psychologists Ellen Berscheid and Elaine propose a two-component theory of love. According to their theory, passionate
love occurs when two conditions exist simultaneously: (1) the person is in a state of intense physiological arousal, and (2) the
situation is such that the person applies a particular label—"love"—to the sensations being experienced. Their theory is derived
from an important theory developed by Stanley Schachter (1964).
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According to Schachter's (1964) two-component theory of emotion, an emotion consists of a physiological arousal state plus the
label the person assigns to it. Berscheid and Walster have applied this to the emotion of "love." They suggest that we feel
passionate love when we are aroused and when conditions are such that we identify what we are feeling as love.
Feedback: Research on Love, 288–289

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
100. Explain the relationship that exists between the type of society (individualistic/collectivist) and the role of love as a
prerequisite for marriage. Be sure to define the terms.
Individualistic cultures, like those of the United States, Canada, and the Western European countries, tend to emphasize
individual goals over group and societal goals and interests. Collectivist cultures, like those of China, Africa, and the Southeast
Asian countries emphasize group and collective goals over personal ones. Individualistic cultures are more likely to give
importance to love as a prerequisite for marriage, whereas this is not likely to be true for members of collectivist cultures, as in
such societies marriages are often arranged by family members to serve family interests.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
101. List some of the basic rules of fighting fair that may be used by couples to control their arguments.
Some of the basic rules of fighting fair are:
1. Don't make sarcastic or insulting remarks about your partner's sexual inadequacy.
2. Don't bring up the names of former spouses, lovers, and girlfriends or boyfriends. Stick to the issue: your relationship with
your partner.
3. Don't play amateur psychologist.
4. Don't threaten to tell your parents or run home.
5. Don't bring children into the argument. It is too stressful emotionally to force them to take sides between you and your partner.
6. Don't engage in dumping—storing up gripes for six months and then dumping them all at once.
7. Don't bring up a serious issue negative issue when there is no opportunity to continue the discussion.
8. Don't focus on who's to blame. Focus on looking for solutions. If you avoid blaming, it lets both you and your partner save
face, which helps both of you feel better about the relationship.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 21
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains 54
APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 23
Bloom's: Apply 23
Bloom's: Remember 35
Bloom's: Understand 43
Difficulty: Easy 35
Difficulty: Hard 1
Difficulty: Medium 65
Learning Objective: Define intimacy and explain how it is measured. 4
Learning Objective: Discuss love as a form of attachment. 8
Learning Objective: Explain the research on love. 15
Learning Objective: Identify the main theories of physical and psychological attraction. 34
Learning Objective: List the components of the triangular theory of love and understand how they combine to create different
forms of love. 18
Learning Objective: Understand the contexts of communication and how to be an effective communicator. 19
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Topic: Attachment Theory of Love 8
Topic: Biology of Love 4
Topic: Communication and Relationships 5
Topic: Cross-Cultural Research 4
Topic: Effective Communication 14
Topic: Homophily 6
Topic: Intimacy 4
Topic: Love 4
Topic: Love Story 2
Topic: Matching Phenomenon 4
Topic: Mere Exposure Effect 4
Topic: Passionate and Companionate Love 5
Topic: Physical Attractiveness 7
Topic: Theories of Love 9
Topic: Triangular Theory of Love 18
Topic: Two-Component Theory of Love 3
11-24

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Edition Hyde Test Bank

Feedback: Attraction, 272

2. The mere-exposure effect refers to the tendency of people to

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 272

5. Homophily is the tendency of people to

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 272

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 274

Feedback: Attraction, 276

Feedback: Attraction, 277

Feedback: Attraction, 277

Feedback: Attraction, 277

Feedback: Attraction, 277

24. Which of the following is said to reflect developmental instability (DI)?

Feedback: Attraction, 277

25. Which of the following statements is true about visible asymmetry?

Feedback: Attraction, 278

Feedback: Attraction, 278

Feedback: Attraction, 278

28. According to sociobiology, women essentially want mates who are

Feedback: Attraction, 278

29. In order for a relationship to be intimate

Feedback: Intimacy, 279

30. Which of the following is true about intimacy?

Feedback: Intimacy, 279

31. In order to maintain intimacy, the correct response by a partner to self-disclosure is

Feedback: Intimacy, 279

Feedback: Intimacy, 279

Feedback: Theories of Love, 280

Feedback: Theories of Love, 282

Feedback: Theories of Love, 280

Feedback: Theories of Love, 280

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 280

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

Feedback: Theories of Love, 281

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Feedback: Theories of Love, 282