Algebraic solution and coherent states for the Dirac

oscillator interacting with AC system in the

cosmic string background
Manuel 1
Salazar , Didier 1
Ojeda , Vı́ctor D. Granados2
1Escuela Superior Cómputo, 2 Escuela superior de Fı́sica y Matemáticas

Abstract
We introduce an SU (1, 1) algebraic approach to study the (2+1)-Dirac oscillator in the presence of the SU (1, 1) radial coherent states and their time evolution
Aharonov-Casher effect coupled to an external electromagnetic field in the Minkowski spacetime and
the cosmic string spacetime. This approach is based on a quantum mechanics factorization method In this Section we will compute the SU (1, 1) Perelomov coherent states |ζi = D (ξ) |k, 0i for the radial
that allows us to obtain the su(1, 1) algebra generators, the energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions. functions by using the Sturmian basis of equation (15), where D (ξ) is the displacement operator and
We obtain the coherent states and their temporal evolution for each spinor component of this problem. |k, 0i the lowest normalized state (see Appendix). Hence, from the normal form of the displacement
Introduction operator we obtain
It is known from the literature that when a system undergoes an evolution and returns to its original s
|ζi = D (ξ) |ks, 0i = exp(ζB+(1,2)) exp(ηB03) exp(−ζ ∗B−(1,2))|ks, 0i. (16)
state after a certain time, it is a cyclic evolution. When a system is classical it is impossible to detect
such an evolution, but in quantum mechanics it is possible because the wave function in a quantum The action of these exponentials on a state |ks, 0i explicitly is
system retains a memory of its motion in the form of a geometric phase factor, which can be measured
j
by interfering the wave function with another coherent wave function[1].

∞ −ζ ∗B n ∗ j 1/2
X −(1,2) X (−ζ ) nr ! (|Γs| + nr )!
||Γs|, ni = ||Γs|, nr − ji, (17)
The DO and the AC Effect j=0
j!
j=0
j! (nr − j)! (|Γs| + nr − 1 − j)!
The covariant Dirac equation for a neutral fermion with electric dipolar momentum µ is   j
∞
X ηB 3 0 s
j ∞ η 1 |Γs| + 1 + nr
X 2 2
h µ i ||Γs|, nr i = ||Γs|, nr i, (18)
iγ a∂a + σ abFab − m0 Ψ(t, r) = 0, (a, b = 0, 1, 2), (1) j! j!
2 j=0 j=0
 j
∞ ζB ∞ j 1/2
Also, in a (2 + 1)- dimensional Ms the Dirac matrices γ = (γ 1, γ 2) = (−γ1, −γ2), γ 0 = Σz are given
X +(1,2) X ζ (nr + j)! (|Γs| + nr + j)!
||Γs|, nr i = ||Γs|, nr − ji. (19)
in terms of the Pauli matrices as γ1 = σ3σ1, γ2 = σ3σ2 and γ 0 = Σz = σ3. Thus, equation (1) can be j! j! n! (|Γs| + nr )!
j=0 j=0
written as
       From these results we obtain
sΦAC i∂θ σ3
σ1 i∂ρ + iσ3 m0ω̄ρ − + σ2 + + µB + m0σ3 − i∂0 ψ(t, ρ, θ) = 0, (2)  1
πρ ρ 2ρ 2

2ks 2 ∞
2ks − 12 X
2 1 − |ξ| −m0 |ω̄|ρ2  
ϕs(ρ, ξ) =   ρ2ks−1e 2 (m0|ω̄|) 2 ξ nL2k
nr
s −1 m |ω̄|ρ2 .
0 (20)
Γ (2ks)
where ψ(t, ρ, θ) ≡ U −1(θ)Ψ(t, ρ, θ) and the Dirac spinor is given by n=0

ei(ml θ−Et)   The sum of this equation can be calculated from the Laguerre polynomials generating function
ϕ+(ρ)
Ψ(t, ρ, θ) = √ , (ml = ±1/2, ±3/2, ...) . (3)
2π iϕ−(ρ) ∞
e−xy/(1−y)
Lνn(x)y n =
X
y+1
. (21)
s=0 (1 − y)
Therefore, we can write equation (2) as the two first-order coupled differential equations

d 1

sΦAC 1
 Therefore, the SU (1, 1) radial coherent states for the DO including the AC effect ϕs can be written as
(m0 + µB − E) ϕ+(ρ) = − m0ω̄ρ + ml + + ϕ−(ρ), (4)
dρ ρ π 2  
2

2ks 2k −
1
1 2
|ω̄|ρ 2  ξ+1 
d 1 sΦAC 1 2 1 − |ξ| (m0 |ω̄|) s 2 m0
(m0 − µB + E) ϕ−(ρ) = + m0ω̄ρ − ml + − ϕ+(ρ). (5) ϕs(ρ, ξ) =   ρ2ks−1e 2 ξ−1 , (22)
dρ ρ π 2 Γ (2ks) (1 − ξ)4ks

By combining these equations, we obtain the uncoupled differential equations for the radial compo- or in terms of the physical quantum number |Γs|
nents " #
d2 1d Γ2s 2ω̄ 2ρ2 + E ϕ (ρ) = 0, (s = ±1) ,

2 |Γs|+1 |Γ |+ 1

2
1
2  ξ+1 
+ − − m


2 2 0 s s (6) 2 1 − |ξ| (m0 |ω̄|) s 2
|Γ |+ 1
m0 |ω̄|ρ
dρ ρ dρ ρ ϕs(ρ, ξ) =   ρ s 2 e 2 ξ−1 . (23)
Γ (|Γs| + 1) (1 − ξ)2|Γs|+2
with
sΦAC s Therefore, from these results, we can compute the temporal evolution of the coherent states of equation
Γs ≡µl + − , (7) (23) to obtain
π 2
Es ≡ (µB − E)2 − m20 + 2m0ω̄Γs + 2sm0ω̄. (8)  1
2
2 2ks 2ks− 21 m0 |ω̄|ρ2 ξe4im0 |ω̄|τ /~ +1

 
k  2 1 − |ξ| (m0ω̄)  2ks−1 −4im0|ω̄|(ks) 2 ξe4im0 |ω̄|τ /~ −1
ϕs (ρ) = 
s
 4ks  ρ e e . (24)
Γ (2ks) 1 − ξe4im0ω̄τ /~
Algebraic solution for the DO and the AC effect
The DO and the AC effect in the Css
In this Section, we shall construct the su(1, 1) algebra generators of the equation (6) by using the
The DO interacting with topological defects has been widely studied from different approaches[?]. In
Schrödinger factorization [2, 3]. In order to solve this general equation we must eliminate the first
one of these works, Carvalho et al. [4] obtained the energy levels and eigenfunctions of the DO in the
derivative by the change variable ϕs (ρ) = √1ρ Ψs (ρ). Thus, equation (6) is written as
presence of three defects, the cosmic string, the magnetic cosmic string, and the cosmic dislocation.
!
d2

1
 Thus, the energy spectrum for particle (+) and antiparticle (−) respectively for the DO including the
−ρ2 + m2 ω 2 ρ4 − E ρ 2
s Ψs = − Γ2s Ψs, (9) AC effect in the Css is written as
dρ2 4
s  
ns,µl µβ 2 |γs| γs
From these expressions we define the pair of operators Ecs±(1,2) = ± m0 + 4m0|ω̄| ns + − . (25)
 η 2η 2η
 
m 2 − 2m |ω̄| µ + sΦAC − s
s 1 d 2 0 0 l π 2  1−s Thus, the radial wave functions are given by
B±(1) = ∓ρ + m0|ω̄|ρ − + − Bs3, (10)
2 dρ 2m0|ω̄| 2  1/2
  
 2Γ (nr + 1)   −m0 |ω̄|ρ2 | γηs |+ 12 γs
+ 12
γs

m 2 − 2m |ω̄| µ + sΦAC − s Ψcs(ρ) =  e 2 (m0|ω̄|) 2 ρ η η

Lnr (m0|ω̄|ρ2), (26)
1 d 0 0 l π 2  1+s γs
s 2 − Bs3,

B±(2) = ∓ρ + m0|ω̄|ρ − − (11) Γs nr + η + 1
2 dρ 2m0|ω̄| 2
Moreover, the Sturmian basis for this case are
where the operator Bs3 is defined as
 1
2
| γηs |+ 21 γs
" #
−m0 |ω̄|ρ2 γs
1 d2 1 d Γ 2  2Γ (nr + 1)   η
Bs3ϕs ≡ − 2− + m20ω̄ 2ρ2 + 2s + m20 − 2m0|ω̄|Γs − 2m0|ω̄| ϕs χcs(ρ)nr ,γs =   e 2 (m0|ω̄|) 2 ρ η
Lnr (m0|ω̄|ρ2), (27)
4m0|ω̄| dρ ρ dρ ρ γs
Γ nr + η + 1
1
= [µB − E]2 ϕs. (12)
4m0|ω̄|
The temporal evolution of the states in terms of kcs are
s
Now, if we introduce the operator B03 defined by  1
1 2
2

2kcs 2k − m |ω̄|ρ 2  4im |ω̄|τ /~ 
ξe 0 +1
1 2 1 − |ξ| (m0 |ω̄|) cs 2 0
2kcs−1e−4im0|ω̄|(kcs)e 2
0 s s ϕks s (ρ) =  ρ ξe4im0 |ω̄|τ /~ −1 . (28)
 
B 3 = B3 + [|ω̄|π − m0π + 2|ω̄|ml π + 2|ω̄|ΦAC ] , (13)  4kcs 
4π|ω̄| Γ (2ks) 1 − ξe4im0|ω̄|τ /~

Therefore for both indexes (±(1), ±(2)), the energy spectrum for particle (+) and antiparticle (−) can
be written as
Concluding remarks
s We have shown that the Dirac equation for the Dirac oscillator including the Aharonov-Casher effect

|Γs| Γs

1−s coupled to an external electromagnetic field in the Ms and the Css can be solved from an algebraic
ns,µl 2
E±(1,2) = µβ ± m0 + 4m0|ω̄| ns + − , ns = nr + . (14) approach. Furthermore, by using the Schrödinger factorization we were able to build the generators of
2 2 2
this algebra which show a dependence of the magnetic field strength, the AC frequency ωAC and the
AC phase ΦAC .
Thus, the Sturmian basis for the DO interacting with the AC system in the Ms in terms of the group
numbers n, ks = 12 |Γs| + 21 are References
 1
−m0 |ω̄|ρ2 |Γs |+ 21
[1] J. Anandan, J. Christian, K. Wanelik, Am. J. Phys. 65, 180 (1997).
2Γ (nr + 1) 2
|Γ | |Γs|
ϕ(ρ)nr ,Γs = e 2 (m0|ω̄|) 2 ρ Lnr (m0|ω̄|ρ2),
s (15) [2] M. Salazar-Ramı́rez, D. Ojeda-Guillén, A. Morales-González, V.H. Garcı́a-Ortega, Eur. Phys. J.
Γ (nr + |Γs| + 1)
Plus 134, 8 (2019).
[3] L. Infeld, Phys. Rev. 59, 737 (1941).
[4] J. Carvalho, C. Furtado, F. Moraes, Phys. Rev. A 84, 032109 (2011).