SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

LIFE SCIENCES P2

2022

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages.

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Life Sciences/P2 2 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES

1. If more information than marks allocated is given

Stop marking when maximum marks is reached and put a wavy line and 'max' in
the right-hand margin.

2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given
Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct/incorrect.

3. If whole process is given when only a part of it is required

Read all and credit the relevant part.

4. If comparisons are asked for, but descriptions are given

Accept if the differences/similarities are clear.

5. If tabulation is required, but paragraphs are given

Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating.

6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required

Candidates will lose marks.

7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions

Candidates will lose marks.

8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense

Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are
incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume
credit.

9. Non-recognised abbreviations
Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised
abbreviation, but credit the rest of the answer if correct.

10. Wrong numbering

If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions, but the wrong number is
given, it is acceptable.

11. If language used changes the intended meaning

Do not accept.

12. Spelling errors

If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else in
Life Sciences or if it is out of context.

13. If common names are given in terminology

Accept, provided it was accepted at the national memo discussion meeting.

14. If only the letter is asked for, but only the name is given (and vice versa)
Do not credit.

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Life Sciences/P2 3 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

15. If units are not given in measurements

Candidates will lose marks. Memorandum will allocate marks for units separately.

16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different

way.

17. Caption
All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption.

18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts)

A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the learner's
assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers should be
credited, if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official language
should be consulted. This is applicable to all official languages.
19. Changes to the memorandum
No changes must be made to the memoranda. The provincial internal moderator
must be consulted, who in turn will consult with the national internal moderator
(and the Umalusi moderators where necessary).

20. Official memoranda

Only memoranda bearing the signatures of the national internal moderator and the
Umalusi moderators and distributed by the National Department of Basic
Education via the provinces must be used.

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Life Sciences/P2 4 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 D
1.1.2 A
1.1.3 C
1.1.4 C
1.1.5 C
1.1.6 B
1.1.7 B
1.1.8 A
1.1.9 A
1.1.10 C (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 Cytokinesis

1.2.2 Ribose
1.2.3 Locus
1.2.4 (DNA) replication
1.2.5 Stem cells
1.2.6 Segregation
1.2.7 Punctuated equilibrium
1.2.8 Chromatinnetwork
1.2.9 Double helix
1.2.10 Interphase (10 x 1) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 A only

1.3.2 B only
1.3.3 Both A and B  (3 x 2) (6)

1.4 1.4.1 Dihybrid cross (1)

1.4.2 TTrr (2)
1.4.3 TR, Tr, tR, tr (4)
(Mark first FOUR only) (7)

1.5 1.5.1 Males (1)

1.5.2 (a) 3/Three (1)

(b) 3/Three (1)

1.5.3 (a) T
U (2)

(b) XHXh (2)

(7)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

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Life Sciences/P2 5 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1 Metaphase II (1)

2.1.2 Individual chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell (2)

(Mark first ONE only)

2.1.3 (a) Cell membrane (1)

(b) Spindle fibre (1)

2.1.4 - It contracts/shortens
- to pull the chromosomes/ daughter chromosomes/chromatids
to opposite poles of the cell (2)

2.1.5
Structure C in the final phase of Meiosis/ Telophase II
(unreplicated) chromosome/chromatid
/daughter chromosome
centromere

OR

Structure C in the final phase of Meiosis/ Telophase II

(unreplicated) chromosome/chromatid
/daughter chromosome
centromere

Guideline for assessing the drawing

CRITERIA ELABORATION MARK

Heading (H) - Structure C in the final phase of 1
meiosis/Telophase II
Correct drawing (D) - Daughter chromosome/ unreplicated
chromosome/ chromatid/s drawn from 1
structure C only
Correct shading (S) - One unshaded
OR one unshaded 1
- One with a shaded tip
Labels (L) - Any 1 correct label 1
(4)
(11)

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Life Sciences/P2 6 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.2 2.2.1 (a) Transcription (1)

(b) Translation (1)

2.2.2 (a) Nucleus (1)

(b) mRNA (1)

2.2.3 Chloroplasts
Mitochondria (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

2.2.4 - The double helix DNA unwinds and

- (the double-stranded DNA) unzips/weak hydrogen bonds
break
- to form two separate strands
- One strand is used as a template
- to form mRNA
- using free (RNA) nucleotides from the nucleoplasm
- The mRNA is complementary to the DNA/ (A-U, G-C)
- mRNA now has the coded message for protein synthesis
Any (7)

2.2.5 (a) TCG (1)

(b) Tyrosine
Valine (in this sequence) (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

2.2.6 Gene mutation (1)

2.2.7 - The anticodon will be GGA/not GAA

- The last amino acid would be proline instead of leucine
- resulting in a different protein/ no protein at all (3)
(20)

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Life Sciences/P2 7 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.3 2.3.1 - Either male 1 or male 2 could be the father of the boy
- since both males have the IB allele/ male 1 IAIB and male 2
IBIB or IBi
- The mother’s blood group is O and must have the genotype
ii/homozygous recessive
- The boy would have inherited the recessive allele/i from the
mother
- and he would have the genotype IBi (5)

2.3.2 Male 2 (1)

2.3.3 - Four/some bands of the boy’sDNA profile

- match with those of the mother’s profile
- The remaining bands of the boy match with the bands of male
2’s DNA profile/fewer bands match with male 1’s DNA profile (3)

2.3.4 - Tracing missing persons

- Identification of genetic disorders
- Establishing family relations
- Matching tissues for organ transplants
- Identifying dead persons/criminals/suspects Any (1)
(Mark first ONE only) (10)

2.4 2.4.1 Incomplete dominance (1)

2.4.2 - The pink flower colour is an intermediate phenotype/ a blend

of red and white
- indicating that neither of the alleles is dominant (2)

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Life Sciences/P2 8 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.4.3 P1 /P2 Phenotype Pink x Pink

Genotype RW x RW
Meiosis
G/gametes R, W x R, W
Fertilisation
F1 /F2 Genotype RR; RW; RW; WW

Phenotype 1 Red: 2 Pink: 1 White*

P1 & F1/
P 2 & F2
Meiosis and fertilisation

OR

P1 /P2 Phenotype Pink x Pink

Genotype RW x RW

Meiosis
Gametes R W
Fertilisation R RR RW
W RW WW

1 mark for correct gametes

1 mark for correct genotypes

F1 /F2 Phenotype 1 Red: 2 Pink: 1 White*

P1 & F1/
P 2 & F2
Meiosis and fertilisation
Any
(6)
1* compulsory + Any 5 (9)

[50]

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Life Sciences/P2 9 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 3
3.1 3.1.1 B (1)

3.1.2 - The foramen magnum is in a more forward position (2)

(Mark first ONE only)

3.1.3 A B
1 Larger canines/teeth 1 Smaller canines/teeth
2 Jaws with teeth in a 2 Jaws with teeth on a
rectangular/U shape gentle/round curve
3 More protruding jaw/ 3 Less protruding
prognathous jaw/non-prognathous
4 Diastema present 4 No diastema
(Mark first TWO only) Table 1 + Any (2 x 2) (5)

3.1.4 - The spine is S-shaped*

- to support upper body weight
- for shock absorption
- for flexibility 1* compulsory + Any 1 (2)
(10)

3.2 3.2.1 - Glyphosate resistance increased

- from 2009 to 2015
- and remained constant in 2016 (3)

3.2.2 45 65 – 20
20  x 100 OR 20  x 100

= 225% (3)

3.2.3 - The glyphosate will not kill the maize

- A greater yield of maize
- means greater profit
OR
- Application of the glyphosate does not have to be selective
- This will save on labour/time/costs which
- means greater profit (3)

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Life Sciences/P2 10 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.2.4
Glyphosate resistance in weeds over
4 years/ 2009 to 2012

Glyphosate resistant weeds (%)

45 42
40
35 32
30
25 20
20
15 10
10
5
0
2009 2010 2011 2012
Year

Guideline for assessing the graph

CRITERIA ELABORATION MARK
Correct type of graph (T) Bar graph drawn 1
Caption of graph (C) Both variables included 1
Axes labels (L) X- and Y-axis correctly labelled with units 1
Scale for X- and Y-axis (S) - Equal space and width of bars for
X-axis and 1
- Correct scale for Y-axis
Plotting of co-ordinates (P) - 1 to 3 co-ordinates plotted correctly 1
- The 4 required co-ordinates plotted
correctly 2

(6)
(15)

3.3 3.3.1 - They measured the jaw size of lizards on both islands and
- determined the average jaw size for each population
- They compared the difference between the two (3)

3.3.2 - A larger jaw allows for better muscle attachment/more teeth

/larger teeth
- Thereby increasing the bite force/ability
- to break downthe fibrous plant material (3)

3.3.3 - They allowed the lizards of the two islands to mate

- and determined that they were able to interbreed and
- give rise to fertile offspring Any (2)

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Life Sciences/P2 11 DBE/2022
SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.3.4 - Biodiversity remains the same/there is no effect

- because the number of species remains the same/a new
species has not been formed

OR

- Biodiversity decreases
- because some species of plants eaten on Island B could
become extinct (2)

3.3.5 - There is variation in the size of the lizards’ jaws

- Some have small jaws and others have large jaws
- Due to the larger supply of (fibrous) plants/fewer insects
- those with smaller jaws will be unable to feed
- and die
- The lizards with the larger jaws will have more food
- and survive
- to reproduce
- The allele for larger jaws will be passed on to the offspring
- The next generation will have a higher proportion of lizards with
larger jaws Any (7)
(17)

3.4 3.4.1 - (Modern) humans originated in Africa and

- then migrated to other continents (2)

3.4.2 Hominidae (1)

3.4.3 Mitochondrial DNA (1)

3.4.4 - Fossils of Ardipithecus were found in Africa only

- Fossils of Australopithecus were found in Africa only
- Fossils of Homo habilis were found in Africa only
- The oldest fossils of Homo erectus were found in Africa
- The oldest fossils of Homo sapiens were found in Africa
Any (4)
(8)
[50]

TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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