INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

BOMBAY

M/s SANDEEP SHIKRE & ASSOCIATES

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED BOYS HOSTEL BUILDING NO 4
AT
POWAI, MUMBAI

OCTOBER 2022
2450-2022-69

BY

101, NAV AUDUMBER CHSL,

Dr LAZARUS ROAD, CHARAI,
THANE (W) 400601
Tel : 022 25371020 / 25339393
Email – [email protected]
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BOMBAY

M/s SANDEEP SHIKRE & ASSOCIATES

MUMBAI

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED BOYS’ HOSTEL BUILDING NO 4
AT
POWAI, MUMBAI
2450-2022-69

BY

101, NAV AUDUMBER CHSL

Dr LAZARUS ROAD, CHARAI
THANE (W) - 400 601
Tel: 022 25371020 / 25339393

OCTOBER 2022
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BOMBAY

M/s SANDEEP SHIKRE & ASSOCIATES

MUMBAI

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED BOYS’ HOSTEL BUILDING NO 4
AT
POWAI, MUMBAI
2450-2022-69

CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENT Page 01

1.0 GENERAL Page 02
2.0 SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION Page 03
3.0 METHODOLOGY Page 04
4.0 FINDINGS OF INVESTIGATION Page 08
5.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT Page 12

ENCLOSURES

A) LOCATION PLAN OF BOREHOLES Page A1-A2

B) BOREHOLE LOGS Page B1-B7
C) LABORATORY TEST RESULTS Page C1-C4
D) SUBSOIL PROFILE Page D1-D2
E) SBC CALCULATIONS Page E1-E2

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT, BOMBAY
FOR
PROPOSED BOYS’ HOSTEL BUILDING NO 4
AT
POWAI, MUMBAI
2450-2022-69

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai have proposed construction of

Boys’ Hostel Building No 4 in their campus at Powai, Mumbai. Proposed building is
located on plot bearing CTS No 1, 1/1 to 1/181, 17, 17/1 to 23 of village Tirandaj, CTS no 1
of Village Powai and CTS No 68 of village PaspoIi at Powai, Mumbai. Proposed building will
be RCC framed structure having ground plus up to nine upper floors.

1.2 M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates are the consulting architects and M/s S W
Mone & Associates are the structural consultants for proposed project. Architects M/s SSA
as a part of contract carried out geotechnical investigation work to determine foundation
design parameters. M/s Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd, Thane was entrusted with work of
geotechnical investigation.

1.3 Geotechnical investigation consisted of seven boreholes for proposed project. M/s
Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd have completed field work of seven boreholes from September
05 to September 26, 2022. Selected soil, rock and water samples were tested in laboratory.
Laboratory test results were received on October 01, 2022.

1.4 This report has been prepared by M/s Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd. Report covers
data collected in fieldwork of seven investigation boreholes and analysis of field & laboratory
test results. Report is limited to defining design parameters and specifying safe bearing
capacity. It does not involve any specialist design for any subsurface component or visits by
the undersigned to confirm any of the design parameters.

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2.0 SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION

2.1 Scope of geotechnical investigation work for proposed project consisted of seven
boreholes. Each borehole is to be drilled through overburden & bed rock. Estimated depth of
each borehole was 15.00 m from existing ground level. Objective of investigation is to find
out the subsurface stratification in project area and collect data for deciding design
parameters of foundation.

2.2 To meet above objectives, following items were included in the scope of work:
I) Conduct standard penetration tests in-situ to obtain shear strength parameters of soil
at interval of 1.00 to 1.50 metres & collect disturbed soil samples in SPT split spoon.
II) Collect undisturbed soil samples from cohesive soil stratum to determine the
engineering properties such as shear strength and compressibility.
III) Determine ground water level in each borehole. It was also required to collect ground
water sample from each borehole for chemical analysis.
IV) Collect and transport selected samples in soil & rock testing laboratory and conduct
relevant tests to determine engineering properties of different subsoil strata.
V) Prepare a geotechnical investigation report based on the data collected from field
and the results of the laboratory tests.

2.3 Fieldwork is summarised in the following table.

TABLE: SUMMARY OF BOREHOLES
Bore Co Ordinates Reduced Rock Termination Ground
hole Easting Northing Level Depth Depth Water Depth
No (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
BH 01 937.80 1015.45 65.860 NMW 15.00 1.00
BH 02 941.79 1070.31 66.240 3.00 15.00 0.00
BH 03 951.48 1041.92 65.660 7.00 15.00 0.00
BH 04 983.04 1016.76 65.650 3.30 15.10 2.00
BH 05 993.36 1060.07 66.270 6.00 15.25 0.00
BH 06 1002.49 992.32 64.930 3.60 15.01 0.30
BH 07 1009.96 1031.42 65.775 8.00 15.15 0.00
*NMW-Not Met With

Note : Reduced levels have been taken from topographical survey drawing issued by client.

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3.0 METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVE
3.1 Geotechnical investigation was planned to obtain subsoil stratification in proposed
project area and collect soil, rock, and ground water samples for laboratory testing to
determine engineering properties such as shear strength, compressibility, along with basic
soil classification of subsurface stratum.

3.2 Locations of boreholes were specified by client. Data and results obtained from this
investigation will be used in design of foundation of proposed project.

FIELD INVESTIGATION
3.3 For geotechnical investigation work, standard rotary type drilling rig was used. This
rig is coupled with diesel engine and has tripod and all drilling accessories. Drilling rig
deployed is suitable for and has arrangement for driving as well as extracting casing, boring
drilling by mud circulation method, conducting Standard Penetration Test (SPT) collection of
Undisturbed Soil Sample (UDS) and Disturbed or wash Soil Sample (DS).

3.4 Drilling rig was installed at each specified borehole location. Rig was stabilised by
making level ground. Initially casing of adequate diameter to suit boring of 100 mm hole was
lowered and boring was commenced.

3.5 Sampling in each borehole was carried out generally as per the guidelines given in
the IS code. Undisturbed soil samples were to be collected and SPTs were conducted at
regular intervals. Undisturbed soil samples were not collected as cohesive stratum is stiff in
consistency.

3.6 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) were conducted in boreholes to obtain SPT ‘N’
values i.e., no. of blows of 63.5 kg hammer falling through 75 cm, required to penetrate 30
cm of SPT split spoon. This test was conducted as per IS-2131. SPT ‘N’ values are
correlated with the relative density of non-cohesive soils and consistency of saturated
cohesive soils. This test also collected samples in the split spoon assembly, which are
treated as disturbed samples. SPTs were taken @ 1.00 m to 1.50 m interval.

3.7 SPT ‘N’ values are co-related with relative density of non-cohesive stratum and with
consistency of cohesive stratum. Co-relations are tabulated below.

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 TERMS FOR NON-COHESIVE SOILS
Relative Density Penetration Value (Blows/Ft)
Very loose 0 to 4 Blows
Loose 4 to 10 Blows
Medium 10 to 30 Blows
Dense 30 to 50 Blows
Very Dense Above 50 Blows
TERMS FOR COHESIVE SOILS
Consistency Penetration Value (Blows/Ft)
Very Soft 0 to 2 Blows
Soft 2 to 4 Blows
Medium Stiff 4 to 8 Blows
Stiff 8 to 16 Blows
Very Stiff 16 to 32 Blows
Hard Above 32 Blows

3.8 When rock was encountered, size of borehole was changed to Nx (76 mm) diameter.
A core barrel and Nx sized bits are used for drilling and recovering rock cores. Recovered
rock cores were numbered serially and preserved in good quality sturdy wooden core boxes.
Rock core recovery and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) were computed for every run
length drilled. Rock samples have been selected based on the probable founding elevation
of the proposed structure.

3.9 Rock classification in terms of weathering and state of fractures and strength is
carried out in the following manner. Tabulations given in below explain it briefly.
SCALE OF WEATHERING GRADES OF ROCK MASS
Terms Description Grade Interpretation
Fresh No visible sign of rock material weathering; perhaps slight I CR > 90 %
discoloration on major discontinuity surfaces.
Slightly Discoloration indicates weathering of rock material and II CR between 70
discontinuity surfaces. All the rock material may be discoloured
Weathered by weathering.
% to 90 %
Moderately Less than half of the rock material is decomposed or III CR between 51
disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discolored rock is present either
Weathered as a continuous framework or as corestones.
% to 70 %
Highly More than half of the rock material is decomposed or IV CR between 11
disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discolored rock is present either
Weathered % to 50 %
as a discontinuous framework or as corestones
Completely All rock material is decomposed and / or disintegrated to soil. V CR between
The original mass structure is still largely intact.
Weathered zero to 10 %
Residual Soil All rock material is converted to soil. The mass structure and VI CR = Zero %
material fabric are destroyed. There is a large change in
But N > 50
volume, but the soil has not been significantly transported.
As per IS 4464

3.10 It should be understood that all grades of weathering may not be seen in a given rock
mass and that in some cases a particular grade may be present to a very small extent.

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Distribution of the various weathering grades of rock material in the rock mass may be
related to the porosity of the rock material and the presence of open discontinuities of all
types in the rock mass.

3.11 ‘Interpretation’ in above table has been done by Author of this report based on his
understanding of above table & experience and is NOT a part of original table and
observation of entire of rock mass instead of individual rock pieces.

3.12 Rock quality is further measured by frequency of natural joints in rock mass. Rock
Quality Designation (RQD) is used to define state of fractures or massiveness of rock.
Following table defines the quality of rock mass.
RELATION BETWEEN RQD AND IN-SITU ROCK QUALITY
ROCK QUALITY RQD (%)
Excellent 90 to 100
Good 75 to 90
Fair 50 to 75
Poor 25 to 50
Very Poor 00 to 25
As per Annexure B, IS 13365 (Part 1): 1998

3.13 Rock is also classified by strength of intact rock cores collected during drilling. Rock
compressive strength (UCS) is used to define strength of rock. Following table summarizes
classification of rock based on strength.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCK WRT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
ROCK STRENGTH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (MPa)
Extremely weak < 2.00
Very Weak 2.00 to 10.00
Weak 10.00 to 25.00
Average 25.00 to 50.00
Strong 50.00 to 100.00
Very Strong 100.00 to 250.00
Extremely Strong > 250.00
As per Annexure B, IS 13365 (Part 1): 1998

3.14 Boreholes were terminated after drilling in soil and in bed rock. Boreholes were
terminated at about 15.00 m depth below existing ground level. On completion of boreholes,
selected soil, rock, and water were taken to laboratory for testing.

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3.15 Ground water table was observed after dewatering the borehole and waiting for time
gap of 24 hours to allow for recuperation of ground water.
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE EXPOSED TO SULPHATE ATTACK
Sr. Class Concentration of Sulphates
No Expressed as SO3
Soil Ground Water
Total SO3 SO3
Percent g/L g/L
I 1 Less Than 0.20 Less Than 1.0 Less Than 0.30
II 2 0.20 to 0.50 1.0 to 1.90 0.30 to 1.20
III 3 0.50 to 1.00 1.90 to 3.10 1.20 to 2.50
IV 4 1.00 to 2.00 3.10 to 5.00 2.50 to 5.00
V 5 More Than 2.00 More Than 5.00 More Than 5.00
As per Table 4, IS 456:2000

IS CODES FOLLOWED
3.16 Field work was executed generally in accordance with IS specifications listed below:
a) IS-1892 : Code of practice for Subsurface Investigation of Foundations.
b) IS-1498 : Classification and Identification of soils for General Engineering Purposes.
c) IS-2131 : Method for Standard Penetration Test for Soils
d) IS-2132 : Code of practice for Thin Walled Tube Sampling of Soils.
e) IS-5313 : Guide for Core Drilling Observations.

LABORATORY TESTING
3.17 Selected soil, rock & water samples brought to ODIPL laboratory had been subjected
to various tests.
Type of Sample Tests Conducted IS Code Followed
Soil For engineering classification as per IS-1498
1) Disturbed 1. Sieve Analysis IS 2720 Part 4
2. Consistency limits IS 2720 Part 5
3. Specific Gravity IS 2720 Part 3/ Sec I
to decide safe bearing capacity of shallow foundation on the rock and/ or the
Rock safe friction and end bearing resistance for deep foundations such as piles, as
per IS codes IS-9143 and IS-8764
1. Unconfined Compressive Strength IS 9143
2. Point Load Strength Index IS 8764
3. Density, Porosity & Water Absorption IS 13030
to decide any precautionary measures for protecting foundation concrete and
Water
reinforcement
1. Potential of Hydrogen (pH) IS 3025 Part 11
2. Sulphates IS 3025 Part 24
3. Chlorides IS 3025 Part 32

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4.0 FINDINGS OF INVESTIGATION

4.1 Logs of seven boreholes drilled for proposed project were studied. Following
subsurface profile was inferred up to final depth of boreholes.
Stratum One : Overburden Soil
Stratum Two : Boulders in the matrix of Completely Weathered Rock
Stratum Three : Highly Weathered Basalt
Stratum Four : Moderately Weathered Basalt
Stratum Five : Slightly Weathered Basalt

STRATUM ONE : OVERBURDEN SOIL

4.2 First stratum of subsurface profile is overburden soil. This stratum is present in all
seven boreholes. Thickness of this stratum is 0.50 m in six boreholes and 1.00 m in BH 01 &
BH 05. This stratum consists of clay mixed with silt in varying percentage with gravels.
Standard penetration test was not conducted in this stratum. One disturbed soil sample from
this stratum was selected for laboratory testing. Results of same are tabulated below.
Gravel % 04
Sand % 46
Fines % 50
Soil Classifications as per IS-1498 SC

STRATUM TWO : BOULDERS IN THE MATRIX OF COMPLETELY WEATHERED ROCK

4.3 Second stratum of subsurface profile is Boulders in the matrix of completely
weathered rock. This stratum is present in all seven boreholes. This is the last stratum up to
depth of investigation in BH 01. Thickness of stratum in each borehole is tabulated as below.
Borehole No Thickness (m) Borehole No Thickness (m)
BH 01 14.00 BH 05 5.00
BH 02 2.50 BH 06 3.10
BH 03 6.50 BH 07 7.50
BH 04 2.80

To advance through this hard stratum, drilling was carried out using Nx drilling bits & core
barrel. Small & medium rock pieces, pebbles & cobbles and wash samples were recovered
in drill runs. Four Standard Penetration tests were conducted in this stratum. Reported SPT
‘N’ values are 10 & 14, and two values are refusal of SPT spoon. Visual examination of wash
& SPT samples collected during drilling revealed that, it was completely weathered rock
having residual rock structure, which is locally known as murrum. Three samples collected
from this stratum were tested in laboratory. Results of same are tabulated below.

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 Gravel % 00, 08, 01
Sand % 44, 68, 52
Fines % 56, 25, 47
Liquid Limit % --, 42, 52
Plastic Limit % --, 23, 31
Plasticity Index % --, 20, 21
Soil Classifications as per IS-1498 CH, SC, SM

Five boulder samples selected from this stratum were tested in laboratory. Reported
saturated crushing strength values of two rock core samples are 146.74 & 116.18 MPa.
Saturated crushing strength value derived from point load strength index of one boulder
sample is 120.54 MPa. Remaining two boulder samples tested only for density. Test results
are as below.
Porosity % 02.03, 01.44, 03.44, 25.02, 03.17
Water Absorption % 00.71, 00.49, 01.22, 12.24, 01.08
Dry Density g/cm3 02.86, 02.93, 02.81, 02.04, 02.93
UCS from Point Load Strength Index MPa 00.00, 120.54, 00.00, 00.00, 00.00
Saturated Crushing Strength MPa 146.74, 00.00, 116.18, 00.00, 00.00

STRATUM THREE : HIGHLY WEATHERED BASALT

4.4 Third stratum of subsurface profile is highly weathered Basalt. This stratum is
present in five boreholes. This is the last stratum up to depth of investigation in BH 02.
Thickness of stratum in each borehole is tabulated as below.
Borehole No Thickness (m) Borehole No Thickness (m)
BH 01 Not Met With BH 05 3.00
BH 02 12.00 BH 06 6.40
BH 03 5.00 BH 07 Absent
BH 04 7.70

Rock core recovery values in this rock stratum are from 13 to 43 percent with two lower
values of 8 & 9 percent. These values of rock core recoveries show highly weathered
condition of rock mass. Rock quality designation values are from zero to 28 percent. These
values indicate very poor state of fractures in rock stratum. Nine rock core samples selected
from this stratum were tested in laboratory. Reported saturated crushing strength value of
one rock core sample is 31.15 MPa. Saturated crushing strength value derived from point
load strength index of three rock core samples are 14.76, 26.68 MPa & one higher value is
93.76 MPa. These values indicate that rock is weak to average in strength. Remaining five
rock core samples tested only for density. Other test results are as below.

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 Porosity % 02.27 to 41.11
Water Absorption % 00.78 to 23.96
Dry Density g/cm3 01.72 to 02.90
UCS from Point Load Strength Index MPa 93.76, 26.68, 14.7
Saturated Crushing Strength MPa 31.15

STRATUM FOUR : MODERATELY WEATHERED BASALT

4.5 Fourth stratum of subsurface profile is moderately weathered Basalt. This stratum
is present in three boreholes. Thickness of this stratum is 2.00 m in BH 03 & BH 06 and 1.00
m in BH 04. Rock core recovery values in this rock stratum are from 51 to 69 percent. These
values of rock core recoveries show moderately weathered condition of rock mass. Rock
quality designation values are from 15 to 60 percent. These values indicate very poor to fair
state of fractures in rock stratum. One rock core sample selected from this stratum was
tested in laboratory. Reported saturated crushing strength value of rock core sample is 14.28
MPa. These values indicate that rock is weak in strength. Other test results are as below.
Porosity % 11.69
Water Absorption % 04.66
Dry Density g/cm3 02.51
Saturated Crushing Strength MPa 14.28

STRATUM FIVE : SLIGHTLY WEATHERED BASALT

4.6 Fifth stratum of subsurface profile is slightly weathered Basalt. This stratum is
present in five boreholes. This is the last stratum up to depth of investigation. Thickness of
stratum in each borehole is tabulated as below.
Borehole No Thickness (m) Borehole No Thickness (m)
BH 01 Terminated BH 05 6.25
BH 02 Terminated BH 06 3.01
BH 03 1.00 BH 07 7.15
BH 04 3.10

Rock core recovery values in this rock stratum are from 74 to 100 percent. These values of
rock core recoveries show slightly weathered condition of rock mass. Rock quality
designation values are from 56 to 100 percent with one lower value of 47 percent. These
values indicate fair to excellent state of fractures in rock stratum. Eight rock core samples
selected from this stratum were tested in laboratory. Reported saturated crushing strength
values of six rock core samples are from 14.20 to 29.06 MPa with two lower values of 02.65
& 04.49 MPa. Saturated crushing strength values derived from point load strength index of

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two rock core samples are 34.43 & 22.07 MPa. These values indicate that rock is weak to
average in strength. Other test results are as below.
Porosity % 03.25 to 10.29
Water Absorption % 01.17 to 04.04
Dry Density g/cm3 02.55 to 02.78
UCS from Point Load Strength Index MPa 34.43, 22.07
Saturated Crushing Strength MPa 14.20 to 29.06

WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS

4.7 Ground water level was observed during fieldwork and after completion of seven
boreholes. At the time of investigation, water levels were observed below existing ground
level are tabulated below.
Borehole No Ground Water Depth (m) Borehole No Ground Water Depth (m)
BH 01 1.00 BH 05 0.00
BH 02 0.00 BH 06 0.30
BH 03 0.00 BH 07 0.00
BH 04 2.00

However, for determination of more reliable ground water level, long term observations in
cased holes or open stand pipe piezometers are desirable.

4.8 Water level fluctuations due to seasonal variations, amount of rainfall, runoff and
other factors were not evident at the time of fieldwork. Trapped or “perched” water could
occur within the fill materials and/or above low permeability soil and rock layers. Water level
fluctuations and perched water may be considered while developing design and construction
drawings and specifications for the project.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
4.9 Four water samples collected from boreholes were analysed chemically in the
laboratory. Following results are reported.
‘pH’ Value 7.37, 7.59, 7.12, 8.03 Alkaline Water
Sulphates (ppm) 82, 82, 274, 106 Class I /Table IV/IS 456
Chlorides (ppm) 318, 298, 218, 258 Less than 500 ppm/Table 1/IS 456

Results of chemical analysis indicate that water is not aggressive to concrete and not
corrosive to reinforcement steel.

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5.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

5.1 Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai have proposed construction of

Boys’ Hostel Building No 4 in their campus at Powai, Mumbai. Proposed building will be
RCC framed structure having ground plus up to nine upper floors.

FOUNDATION REQUIREMENTS
5.2 Foundation system designed for proposed structure shall satisfy two following
independent criteria.
1. Foundation design shall have adequate factor of safety with respect to shear strength of
foundation stratum.
2. Vertical deformation (settlement) caused by loading intensity on foundation stratum shall be
within permissible limits of the structure. These criteria shall also ensure that magnitude of
differential settlement between any two adjoining columns must remain within tolerances. So
that finishing of proposed structures does not show distress.

FOUNDATION SYSTEM
5.3 Top stratum of subsoil profile is overburden soil. This stratum is present in all seven
boreholes. Thickness of this stratum is from 0.50 m to 1.00 m This stratum has expansive in
nature. In addition, thickness of this stratum is very limited. Therefore, this is most likely to
be replaced by more suitable type of soil. Foundations can not be placed in this stratum.

5.4 This stratum is followed by completely weathered rock. This stratum is present in
all seven boreholes. Thickness of this stratum is from 2.50 m to 7.50 m with much higher
thickness of 14.00 m in BH 01. This stratum is suitable for placing footing foundations.
Therefore, foundations shall be placed in this stratum.

5.5 Considering design SPT ‘N’ value for this stratum as 30, net safe bearing capacity Qd
worked out from the equation from IS 6403 for vertical non-eccentric load on shallow footing
foundation. Net safe bearing pressure of footing foundation works out to 357.14 kN/m2
(35.71 T/m2). Net safe bearing capacity calculations and corresponding settlement
calculations are attached with this report. It is recommended to design & place footing
foundation with net safe bearing pressure of 350 kN/m2.

5.6 This is followed by highly weathered Basalt which is followed by moderately &
slightly weathered Basalt and improves in quality with depth. Therefore, foundation can

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also be placed in highly weathered Basalt. To evaluate safe bearing capacity of highly
weathered Basalt, rock mass rating value is determined.

Estimation of Rock Mass Rating

5.7 Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of selected founding stratum highly weathered Basalt
has been worked out using IS 13365 (part I).
Parameters Unit Classification Design Values Rating
Strength of Intact Rock (UCS) MPa Weak 14 2
Rock Quality Designation (RQD) % Very Poor 5 4
Spacing of Discontinuities m Very Close 0.060 5
Condition of Discontinuities Slickensided 4 10
Ground Water Condition Flowing 5 0
Total Rock Mass Rating 21

5.8 For estimated RMR value of 21 for highly weathered Basalt and referring to Table 3
of IS 12070-1987 (Amendment No 1, November 2008 to Reaffirmed 2010), net safe bearing
capacity value works out to 471 kN/m2. RMR computation sheet is enclosed with this report.
For design of footing foundations in rock stratum Net Safe Bearing Pressure value of 450
kN/m2 is recommended.

5.9 Recommended minimum founding depths and net SBC value per borehole are
tabulated as below. Foundations can be placed at a minimum of 50 cm in rock stratum.
Net Safe Modulus of
Existing
Bore Recommended Founding Bearing Subgrade
Ground
hole Founding Stratum Capacity Reaction
Level
Depth Level kN/m2
No (m) (m) (m) (T/m2) K (kN/m2/m)
BH 01 Completely Weathered Rock 65.860 2.00 63.860 350 14000
Completely Weathered Rock 2.00 64.240 350 14000
BH 02 66.240
Highly Weathered Basalt 3.50 62.740 450 37500
Completely Weathered Rock 2.00 63.660 350 14000
BH 03 65.660
Highly Weathered Basalt 7.50 58.160 450 37500
Completely Weathered Rock 2.00 63.650 350 14000
BH 04 65.650
Highly Weathered Basalt 4.00 61.650 450 37500
Completely Weathered Rock 2.00 64.270 350 14000
BH 05 66.270
Highly Weathered Basalt 6.50 59.770 450 37500
Completely Weathered Rock 2.00 62.930 350 14000
BH 06 64.930
Highly Weathered Basalt 4.20 60.730 450 37500
BH 07 Completely Weathered Rock 65.775 2.00 63.775 350 14000

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 Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
5.10 Coefficient of modulus of subgrade reaction or spring constant K is originally not
a geotechnical concept. This is borrowed from Transportation engineering for using in
software developed for more accurate numerical Analysis of foundation design.

5.11 In a plate load test, deformation is recorded for loads applied in increments. A graph
is plotted between load applied and corresponding deformation observed. Coefficient of
Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction K is defined as ratio of applied pressure and corresponding
settlement at any point on the graph.

5.12 We will use “K” in our discussions below.

The basic equation is:
K (kN/m2/m) = Pressure (kN/m2) / Deflection (m)
For our case,
Safe bearing pressure are P1 on CWR = 350 & P2 on rock = 450 kN/m2.
Permissible settlements of footings on CWR = 25 mm
Refer IS 1306:1991 Table no 1, clause 5.2.4
Therefore, K1 = 350 (kN/m2)/ 0.025 (m)
K1 = 14000 kN/m2/m

Permissible settlements of footings on rock mass = 12 mm

Refer IS 1306:1991 Table no 1, clause 5.2.4
Therefore, K2 = 450 (kN/m2)/ 0.012 (m)
K2 = 37500 kN/m2/m

Construction Guidelines
5.13 It will be necessary to place footing of entire structure on rock of similar quality to
ensure uniformity of foundation stratum and compatibility of deformation. Supervising
authority shall ensure that there are no soft pockets in footing area before placing PCC.

5.14 To account for variation in founding depth thus achieved, only PCC or plum concrete
of design strength recommended by structural consultant shall be used to make good the
difference between founding stratum and bottom of footing foundation at founding depth.
Rubble soling layer shall not be provided below footing foundation on reaching this
founding stratum.

2450-2022-69 Page 14
Proposed Boys’ Hostel Building No 4
@ Powai, Mumbai
Geotechnical Investigation Report
 Durability
5.15 Based on the results of chemical analysis of water, it is inferred that ground water is
not aggressive to concrete and not corrosive to reinforcement steel. Therefore, it is
recommended to adopt the following till plinth level or till structure is in contact with soil.

Type of Cement : Ordinary Portland Cement

Reinforcement Steel : HT Steel
Clear Cover : 40 mm

2450-2022-69 Page 15
Proposed Boys’ Hostel Building No 4
@ Powai, Mumbai
Geotechnical Investigation Report
 SOIL TEST DATA SHEET
Client : IIT Bombay & M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates Contractor : M/s Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd, Thane
Project : Proposed Boys' Hostel Building No 4 at Powai, Mumbai

CONSISTENCY CONSOLIDATION

SPECIFIC GRAVITY
CLASSIFICATION
DENSITY MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

CONTENT, w %
SAMPLE TYPE LIMITS
BORE HOLE /

TEST

MOISTURE

REMARKS
NATURAL
PIT NO.

DEPTH

COMP. INDEX
SHRINKAGE %

INITIAL VOID
UD / D

WET gm/cm3

DRY gm/cm3

PLASTICITY

SOIL
PLASTIC %

INDEX, Ip %
GRAVEL %
(m)

(I.S)

Free Swell
LIQUID %

RATIO %
Pressure
Swelling
SAND %

CLAY %

Cc (Lab)
Index %
Kg/cm2
SILT %
BH 01 2.00 - 2.60 SPT 0 44 56 Insufficient Sample CH* 2.65

BH 03 0.00 - 0.50 DS 4 46 50 Insufficient Sample SC* 2.98

BH 04 3.00 - 3.30 SPT 8 68 25 43 23 20 SC 2.67

BH 06 3.00 - 3.60 SPT 1 52 47 52 31 21 SM 2.77

CHEM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Tuu :- TRIAXIAL TEST UNCONSOLIDATED UNDRAINED SP :- SWELLING PRESSURE OR SWELLING f :- ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION
COMP COMPACTION TEST Tcu :- TRIAXIAL TEST CONSOLIDATED UNDRAINED POTENTIAL TEST Cc :- UNDRAINED COHESION
DS :- DIRECT SHEAR Tcd :- TRIAXIAL TEST CONSOLIDATED DRAINED RM :- REMOULDED f' :-
EFFECTIVE ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION
K :- PERMEABILITY TEST NP :- NON PLASTIC VL :- LABORATORY VANE SHEAR TEST
FS :- FREE SWELL TEST SL :- SHRINKAGE LIMIT TEST UC :- UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST Cc :- EFFECTIVE COHESION
'

UD :- UNDISTURBED SOIL D :- DISTURBED SOIL

Job. No. :- 2450

Prepd. By. :- Daminee

Page C1
 TEST RESULTS OF ROCK CORES

Client : IIT Bombay & M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates Contractor : M/s Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd, Thane
Project : Proposed Boys' Hostel Building No 4 at Powai, Mumbai

Uniaxial
Bore Water Dry Point Load
Sr. Core Depth Diameter Height H:D Failure Load Compressive Porosity
Hole Absorption Density Index Remarks
No. No. (m) (cm) (cm) (1:H/D) (Tonnes) Strength %
No. % g/cm3 MPa
(Mpa)

1 BH 01 1 5.00 - 6.00 5.4 10.4 1.93 146.74 2.03 0.71 2.86

2 BH 01 3 8.00 - 9.00 120.54 1.44 0.49 2.93 10.96 PL

3 BH 02 4 1.00 - 2.00 5.5 10.5 1.91 116.18 3.44 1.22 2.81

4 BH 02 11 5.00 - 6.00 93.76 2.27 0.78 2.90 8.52 PL
5 BH 02 42 14.00 - 15.00 26.68 10.57 4.04 2.61 1.21 PL

6 BH 03 1 7.00 - 8.00 5.5 10.5 1.91 31.15 2.50 0.87 2.87

7 BH 03 22 11.00 - 12.00 14.77 16.00 6.70 2.39 0.67 PL
8 BH 03 47 14.00 - 15.00 5.5 10.5 1.91 2.65 3.25 1.17 2.77

9 BH 04 2 3.30 - 4.00 30.00 15.17 1.98 Density

10 BH 04 27 6.00 - 7.00 29.64 15.01 1.97 Density
11 BH 04 63 12.00 - 13.00 5.4 10.70 1.98 4.49 10.29 4.04 2.55
12 BH 04 76 14.00 - 15.00 5.4 10.70 1.98 14.20 9.67 3.69 2.62
* indicates the sample failed along joints
** All Samples were Soaked for 24 Hours Before the Test
Job No :- 2450
Prepd By :- Daminee
Page C2
 TEST RESULTS OF ROCK CORES

Client : IIT Bombay & M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates Contractor : M/s Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd, Thane
Project : Proposed Boys' Hostel Building No 4 at Powai, Mumbai

Uniaxial
Bore Water Dry Point Load
Sr. Core Depth Diameter Height H:D Failure Load Compressive Porosity
Hole Absorption Density Index Remarks
No. No. (m) (cm) (cm) (1:H/D) (Tonnes) Strength %
No. % g/cm3 MPa
(Mpa)

13 BH 05 3 3.00 - 4.00 25.02 12.24 2.04 Density

14 BH 05 18 7.00 - 8.00 29.40 16.11 1.83 Density
15 BH 05 33 9.00 - 10.00 34.43 7.87 2.96 2.66 3.13 PL
16 BH 05 62 14.00 - 15.25 5.5 10.7 1.95 25.78 9.28 3.63 2.56

17 BH 06 6 3.60 - 4.00 31.65 16.96 1.87 Density

18 BH 06 23 6.00 - 7.00 41.11 23.96 1.72 Density
19 BH 06 50 10.00 - 11.00 5.4 10.9 2.02 14.28 11.69 4.66 2.51
20 BH 06 69 14.00 - 15.01 5.4 11.10 2.06 29.06 7.71 2.92 2.64

21 BH 07 2 5.00 - 6.00 3.17 1.08 2.93 Density

22 BH 07 16 9.00 - 10.00 22.07 6.32 2.28 2.78 1.00 PL
23 BH 07 62 14.00 - 15.15 5.4 10.90 2.02 22.67 8.48 3.21 2.64

* indicates the sample failed along joints

** All Samples were Soaked for 24 Hours Before the Test
Job No :- 2450
Prepd By :- Daminee

Page C3
 Chemical Analysis of Water

Client : IIT Bombay & M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates

Project : Proposed Boys' Hostel Building No 4 at Powai, Mumbai
Contractor : M/s Ochre Drillers India Pvt Ltd, Thane

Serial Bore Hole

Depth pH' Value Sulphates as SO3- Chlorides as Cl-
No No
(m) (ppm) (ppm)

1 BH 01 1.00 7.37 82 318

2 BH 02 0.00 7.59 82 298

3 BH 04 2.00 7.12 274 218

4 BH 06 0.30 8.03 106 258

Job No :- 2450
Prepd By :- Daminee

Page C4
 Date : 07 October 2022
Job No : 2450-2022-69
Client : IIT Bombay & M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates
Project : Proposed Boys' Hostel Building No 4
Location : at Powai, Mumbai
Subject : Calculations of SBC of Completely Weathered Rock

Net ultimate bearing capacity Qd is determined using equation from IS 6403 for vertical non
eccentric load on foundation.

Foundation Stratum = Completely Weathered Rock

Foundation Depth (D) = 2.00 m
Foundation Width (B) = 3.00 m = 3000 mm
Type of Footing = Footing Foundation
Design SPT 'N' Values for
Filled Up Soil = 5 From depth of 0.00 to 1.00 m
Completely Weathered Rock = 30 From depth of 1.00 to 8.00 m

Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qd) = CNcScdcic

Net Safe Bearing Pressure (Qdnet) = CNcScdcic/FOS Factor of Safety for Clay = 3.0
Where,
Undrained Cohesion derived from = N/0.15
SPT 'N' value (Cu) = 200.00 kN/m2
Bearing Capacity Factor (Nc) = 5.14 For  = 0 degrees
Shape Factor (Sc) = 1.30 For Footing Foundation
Depth Factor (Dc) = 1 + 0.10(D/B) = 1.067
Inclination Factor (ic) = 1.00

Qdnet = 475.164 kN/m2 `(1)

Typical Settlement Calculations for Pre-Compressed Cohesive Soils

Layer I : Filled Up Soil Layer II : Completely Weathered Rock

Settlement I = (mvΔpH)I Settlement II = (mvΔpH)II

Where,
Stiffness Factor () = 0.90 Stiffness Factor () = 0.70 From Table 1 of IS 8009-1
mv = 1/(0.50 x N x 1000) mv = 1/(0.50 x N x 1000)
2
= 0.0004 m /kN = 6.667E-05 m2/kN
HI = 1.00 - 2.00 HII = 2 x B - HI
HI = 0.0000 mm HII = 6000 mm
(B x B) x Po (B x B) x Po
Δp = Δp =
(B + HI/2) x (B + HI/2) (B + HI + HII/2) x (B + HI + HII/2)
= 1.0000 Po = 0.2500 Po

Permissible Settlement (I + II) = 25.00 mm

25.00 = (mvΔpH)I + (lmvΔpH)II
`= ( 0.0000 + 0.070 )Po
2
Po = 357.14 kN/m `(2)

Therefore, Net Safe Bearing Capacity = 357.14 kN/m2

Page E1
 Date : 07-10-22
Job No : 2450-2022-69
Client : IIT Bombay & M/s Sandeep Shikre & Associates

Project : Proposed Boys' Hostel Building No 4 at Powai, Mumbai

Subject : Safe Bearing Capacity by RMR Method Highly Weathered Basalt

To determine net safe bearing pressure of rock stratum, strength of rock core alone is not used. Overall
characteristics of rock mass which are covered by five parameters such as Rock Quality Designation
value, Spacing of Discontinuty, Condition of Discontinuity and Ground Water Condition are studied and
used to calculate net safe bearing pressure of rock mass instead of rock core. Average rock mass
parameters as obtained from boreholes are used below.

ESTIMATION OF ROCK MASS RATING

Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of jointed rock masses has been worked out based on IS 13365 (part III)
Lab &
Parameters Unit Classification Field Rating
Values
Strength of Intact Rock (UCS) MPa Weak 14 2
Rock Quality Designation (RQD) % Very Poor 5 4
Spacing of Discontinuities m Very Close 0.060 5
Condition of Discontinuities Slickensided 4 10
Ground Water Condition Flowing 5 0
Total Rock Mass Rating 21

ESTIMATION OF NET SAFE BEARING PRESSURE

Net safe bearing pressure of rock stratum is estimated for calculated rock mass rating value, by relation
given in Table 3, IS 12070 : 1987 Amendment No. 1 November 2008 to Reaffirmed 2010

Description of rock with RMR Values between 20 to 40 is Poor and

corresponding range of net safe bearing pressure is 480 to 1350 kN/m 2
By interpolation, Net safe bearing pressure = 523.5 kN/m 2
Considering various in rock mass properties in entire footprint area,
recommended Net Safe Bearing Pressure = 471 kN/m2

Therefore, Recommended Net Safe Bearing Capacity = 450 kN/m2

Page E2