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48 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

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Mvb ïb‡Z| `k©Yv_©xiv GK`j dwK‡ii cv‡k `vuwo‡q Aí wKQy¶Y mgq Mvb ïb‡Q| Gici
Av‡iKwU `‡ji Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q| †ek RbvKxY© ¯’v‡b `k©Yv_©x‡`i Aweivg
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PjvP‡ji g‡a¨ dwKiiv gv‡S gv‡S av°v Lv‡”Q| Avwg kvgm2 dwK‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kijvg|
Av‡jvPbvi GK ch©v‡q kvgm dwKi Zvui nZvkvi K_v ej‡jb Ges civgk© w`‡jb †h KZ©…c‡¶i
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2
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50 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

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G wbe‡Üi cieZ©x As‡k Avwg Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡ev mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`‡k dwKi‡`i

cÖvw·‡mi `ywU g~j cwieZ©‡bi Dci| cÖ_gZ, jvj‡bi Mv‡bi RbwcÖq wkíxiv †Kb ¸iæi `x¶v
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4| RbwcÖqZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ev‡o Avk¼v

dwKi‡`i RbwcÖqZvi me‡P‡q eo KviY jvj‡bi Mvb| wKš‘ GB RbwcÖqZv gv‡S gv‡S
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fviZ evsjv‡`k jvjb cwil`, hvi c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡i‡Qb GKRb fviZxq e¨emvqx| Dc‡ivš‘,
GwU jvjb cwil` Av‡qvwRZ cÖ_g Abyôvb| cÖwZ‡e`‡b AviI D‡jøL Kiv nqwb †h, †cÖvMÖvgwU
dwKi‡`i evrmwiK Kg©Kv‡Ði GKUv Ask bq| cwil` Av‡qvwRZ H Abyôvb dwKi‡`i mv‡_
GKB mg‡q AbywôZ nqwb| cwil` AbyôvbwUi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q w`‡bi †ejvq, Ab¨w`‡K jvj‡bi
wZ‡ivavb Dcj‡¶ AbyôvbwU ïiæ nq mܨv †_‡K|
H †cÖvMÖv‡g AvMZ GKR‡bi g‡Z, ¯’vbxq cywjk dwKi‡`i AvPvi Abyôvb I mgv‡e‡ki mv‡_
GKB mg‡q Ab¨‡`i‡K †Kv‡bv Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv †_‡K weiZ †i‡L‡Qb| AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix
ms¯’v †KejgvÎ jvjb GKv‡Wgx‡K gvB‡µv‡dvb e¨env‡ii AbygwZ w`‡q‡Q| jvjb av‡g GKB
ai‡bi Kg©m~wP cvj‡b cywjk febMi I becÖvY bvgK Ab¨ `ywU `j‡K Abyôvb Av‡qvR‡bi
AbygwZ †`qwb| cywj‡ki `vwe wbivcËvi Rb¨ Zviv GwU K‡i‡Qb| Zviv gvB‡µv‡dvb e¨env‡i
52 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

mivmwi wb‡lavÁv Rvwi K‡i GB †f‡e †h †QvU †QvU mgv‡ek †_‡K kã G‡m jvjb GKv‡Wgx
Av‡qvwRZ miKvi mgw_©Z Abyôv‡b †`Iqv e³e¨ ïb‡Z Amyweav m…wó n‡Z cv‡i| eo g‡Â
AbywôZ GKv‡Wgxi Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ GKB mg‡q hw` †QvU †QvU msMVb¸‡jv gvB‡µv‡dvb e¨envi
K‡i, Zvn‡j miKvi Av‡qvwRZ Abyôv‡bi cÖwZ `k©K‡`i g‡bv‡hv‡M weNœ NU‡Z cv‡i| GKB iKg
hyw³‡Z Ab¨ivI ej‡Z cv‡i †h, jvjb GKv‡Wgx Av‡qvwRZ g‡Âi mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wPi Kvi‡Y
dwKi‡`i AvPvi Abyôv‡bI `k©bv_©x‡`i cy‡ivcywi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Y Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i|
hw`I B‡ËdvK cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cwil` jvjb av‡gi `y‡Uv evrmwiK Abyôv‡bi
GKwU cvjb K‡i‡Qb, ZeyI Zviv jvjb av‡gi ¸iæ‡`i mgv‡e‡ki cÖavb RvgvqvZ‡K Kg ¸iæZ¡
w`‡q cÖvwšÍK ch©v‡q wb‡q †M‡Q| GKBw`‡bi Av‡iKwU cÖwZ‡e`‡b msev`cÎwU `y‡Uv Qwe Qv‡c
Avjv`vfv‡e; GKwU jvjb av‡gi Ges Av‡iKwU AvjvciZ dwKi`‡ji Qwe| GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU
dwKi‡`i Qwe ev` w`‡q mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g Avc‡jvW Kiv nq ¯’vbxq mgq 1:36
wgwb‡U| ¯úóZB GK`j dwK‡ii Qwei msev‡`i g~j¨ GKwU mymw¾Z jvjb av‡gi Qwei †P‡q
A‡bK Kg| GLv‡b a‡i †bIqv n‡”Q ¸wU K‡qK mv`v †cvkvK cwiwnZ dwKi `k©Yv_©x‡`i Qwei
†P‡q jvjb av‡gi Qwei `„k¨ msev` wn‡m‡e †ewk g~j¨evb|
dwKiiv AviI DwØMœ GB Kvi‡Y †h,jvjb MxwZi RbwcÖq wkíx‡`i A‡b‡KB `xw¶Z bq| A-
`xw¶Z wkíx‡`i Mv‡bi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i, KviY Zviv ¸iæi Aax‡b
†_‡K wewfbœ AvPvi-Abyôvb m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| A-`xw¶Z wkíxiv gv‡S gv‡S Mvb¸‡jv
Ggbfv‡e cwi‡ekb K‡ib hv †`‡L ¸iæ‡`i AvksKv nq, hviv ¸iæi `x¶vq `xw¶Z bq Zviv
Mvb¸‡jvi fyj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AwaKš‘, RbwcÖq wkíxiv cÖvqB dwKi‡`i wewawb‡la Agvb¨
K‡i| †hgb, mvaviYZ hviv †Kv‡bv ¸iæi `x¶v †bqwb wKš‘ Mvb MvB‡Z Pvb Zv‡`i‡K ïaygvÎ
‰`b¨ Mvb¸‡jv MvIqvi Rb¨ ¸iæiv DrmvwnZ K‡ib| ‰`b¨ Mvb Qvov evKx mve Mvb †h‡nZy mvabv
m¤úwK©Z ZvB ïaygvÎ ¸iæi Kv‡Q `x¶v wb†qB †mme Mv‡bi gg© Rvb‡Z nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki jvjb msMx‡Zi R‰bK weL¨vZ wkíx e¨wZµg| wZwb a«yc`x Xs‡q jvj‡bi Mvb
cwi‡ekb K‡i we‡kl RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Qb| Zvui cwi‡ewkZ jvj‡bi Mvb RbwcÖq n‡q
D‡V‡Q, we‡klZ wkw¶Z ga¨weË †kÖwYi g‡a¨| hw`I wZwb `yBRb dwKi, †gvK‡m` kvn I Kwig
kv‡ni KvQ †_‡K Mvb wk‡LwQ‡jb, wKš‘ wZwb KL‡bvB †Kv‡bv ¸iæi f³ nbwb| wZwb
e‡jb,jvj‡bi Mv‡b gy» AwaKvsk †jvK ¸iæi Kv‡Q `x¶v wb‡q jvjb m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb Ges f³
nb| cwi‡ekbvi †¶‡Î wZwb ¸iæi Kv‡Q wM‡q‡Qb ïaygvÎ Mvb †kLvi Rb¨ (Zakaria and
Zaman 2004)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, GKRb evD‡ji K‡É jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbv Ges wkíxi
Mjvq evDj Mvb cwi‡ekbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| Zuvi g‡Z, Zvui MvqKxi wfwËUv ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q
a«yc`x msMxZ †_‡K| wKš‘ wZwb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb, †h‡Kv‡bv wkíxiB wbR¯^ fw½ _v‡K Mvb
MvBevi (Zakaria and Zaman2004)|
evsjv‡`‡ki †mB L¨vZbvgvwkíx †hLv‡b jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbvi †¶‡Î ¯^vaxbZvi Dci
†Rvi w`‡q‡Qb, ¸iæiv ZLb AvksKv Ki‡Qb AvRKvj A‡b‡KB jvj‡bi Mvb K‡ib wKš‘ ¸iæi
Kv‡Q `x¶v †bb bv| wZwb cwi®‹vifv‡e jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekb Kivi welqwU Avjv`v K‡i‡Qb
gRyg`vi: AvPv‡i wfbœ, msL¨vq bMY¨ evDj-dwKi I ivó« 53

mvaK nIqv †_‡K| ¸iæiv mvaviYZ g‡b K‡ib, GKRb wkíx‡K ¸iæi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K mu‡c †`Iqv
DwPZ Ges Mv‡bi g~j A_© Dcjwäi Rb¨ dwKwi AvPvi cvjb Kiv DwPZ| wkíx I mvaK‡`i
g‡a¨ GB cv_©K¨KiY gvbyl‡K mvaK bv n‡q MvqK nevi cÖwZ †ewk AvMÖnx K‡i Zyj‡Z cv‡i|
wZbwU welq GLv‡b j¶Yxq| evDj Mvb bv‡g †h Mvb¸‡jv cwiwPZ †m¸‡jvi me¸‡jv
jvj‡bi Mvb bq| wØZxqZ, A`xw¶Z‡`i cÖwZ ¸iæ‡`i wb‡`©kbv ¯úó, mvabvi welqe¯‘ wb‡q Mvb
cwi‡ekbvi Rb¨ GKUv MvBWjvBb _vK‡Z n‡e| Z…ZxqZ, jvj‡bi Mvb MvB‡Z cvi‡jB GKRb
dwKi nq bv| eis hw` †KD jvj‡bi Mvb MvB‡Z bvI cv‡ib, wZwbI dwKi n‡Z cv‡ib Ges
AvPvi Abyôvb cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †mB mv‡_ wkíx I mvaK‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wel‡q ¸iæi
DrKÚv n‡jv wkw¶Z ZiæY‡`i g‡a¨ mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q Ggb wKQy cÖeYZv j¶ Kiv hvq †hLv‡b
A‡b‡K hviv jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡i, dwKi‡`i g‡Zv †cvkvK c‡i,AvPvi-Abyôvb
mgv‡ek¸‡jv‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i wKš‘ ¸iæi Kv‡Q `x¶v †bq bv ev wb‡R‡`i‡K mgc©Y K‡i bv|
kni dwKi e‡jb:
eo wec` n‡jv hvi ¸iæcvV bvB Zviv `vuwo iv‡L, †Mvd iv‡L,mv`v †cvkvK c‡i,
jvj‡bi Mvb Mvq wKsev Mvq bv, wb‡Ri g‡Zv PjvPj K‡i,Zviv †mŠwLb evDj, Lye
†ewk †mŠwLb evDj| hLb †KD wRÁvmv K‡i †Zvgv‡`i ¸iæ cvV †Kv_vq, ZLb Zviv
e‡j, Avwg GLbI ¸iæ LyuRwQ! wKš‘ hw` ¸iæ bvB †c‡q _v‡Kv, Zvn‡j wKfv‡e Zywg
G‡Zv cv‡ë †M‡Qv? Ziæb cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ GKUv †µR, Zviv jvj‡bi Mvb MvB‡Z
Pvq, GKUv MxUvi w`‡q n‡jI| eo Pyj ivL‡e mvay‡`i gZ; eQ‡i `yBevi jvjb
mvuBwRi av‡g †QDwoqvi ‡cÖvMÖv‡g Avm‡e|
evDj Mv‡bi e¨vcK cÖPvi I dwKi‡`i cÖwZ mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`kx ZiæY‡`i g‡bv‡hvM
AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| †KD †KD msMx‡Z G‡ZvUvB gy» n‡q †M‡Q †h, Zviv wbqwgZfv‡e Abyôv‡b
AskMÖnY Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ges evDj Mvb MvB‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i †KD †KD A‡bK mgq
wkíx wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ cv‡”Q| wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq Hme ZiæYiv mv`v †cvkvK civ ïiæ
K‡i‡Q Ges dwKi‡`i g‡Zv `vuwo ivL‡Q| hw`I evDj Mvb cwi‡ekbKvix wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i AvMÖn
A‡bK wKš‘ H ZiæY f³iv wb‡R‡`i‡K ¸iæi Kv‡Q mgc©Y Kivi cvkvcvwk `xw¶Z n‡Z
AbvMÖnx| dwKi‡`i Abyôv‡b G ai‡bi A‡bK A`xw¶Z wk¶vbexk wbqwgZ Ask †bq|
evsjv‡`‡k jvjb MxwZi A-`xw¶Z cwi‡ekK‡`i AwZ mv¤cÖwZK iƒcwU n‡jv GB ai‡bi †mŠwLb
evDj|

5| RxešÍ ms¯‹…wZ hLb g‡b nq HwZn¨

2008 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v evDj msMxZ‡K Bb‡UbwRej KvjPvivj †nwi‡UR Ad wnDg¨vwbwUi
wi©‡cÖ‡R›UwUf ZvwjKvq AšÍfy³
© K‡i| 2008-2010 mvj †_‡K BD‡b‡¯‹v ÔAction Plan for
the Safeguarding of Baul SongsÕ bv‡gi GKUv cÖK‡íi A_©vqb K‡i| evsjv‡`k wkíKjv
GKv‡Wgx GB cÖKíwU ev¯Íevqb K‡i| †m cÖK‡íi Ask wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ dwKi ¸iæ‡`i mv‡_
Av‡jvPbv nq| wmwfj †mvmvBwUi m`m¨, we‡kl K‡i Aa¨vcK, M‡elK Ges †ckvRxwe wkíxiv
54 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

GB cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b AskcÖnY K‡i| cÖK‡íi wk‡ivbvg †_‡K †evSv hvq evDj Mvb wec`vcbœ
Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q, G‡K i¶v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| DwØMœZvi welqwU cÖK‡íi mviK_v †_‡K †evSv hvq: G
cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ¸iæ I ZiæY wk¶v_©x‡`i GKwÎZ K‡i Kg©kvjvi gva¨‡g evDj Mv‡bi
h_vh_ cÖPvi wbwðZ Kiv| BD‡b‡¯‹v dwKi‡`i Mvb‡K mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡q‡Q
Ges e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi wbKU Gme Mvb †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqvi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| BD‡b‡¯‹v h_vh_
cÖPvi ej‡Z wK eywS‡q‡Q, Z‡e †m welqwU wVK cwi®‹vi bq| g‡b ivLv `iKvi, Mv‡bi K_v I
MvIqvi aib wel‡q ¸iæiv A‡bK mgq wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wØgZ †cvlY K†ib| H M‡elYvq
cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b Mv‡bi K_vi mZ¨Zvi Dci Ges MvqKx Xs‡qi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q
(Lohani 2010)|
BD‡b‡¯‹vi Kg©KZ©viv ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ evDj Mvb Qwo‡q †`evi AwfcÖv‡q evDj
msMx‡Zi Dci Kywóqvq Pviw`‡bi Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i (Haq 2010: 13)| cÖKí Kg©KZ©viv
g‡b K‡ib, Mvb cwi‡ekbvi mwVK Dcvq n‡jv Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv| AwaKš‘ cÖKí cwiPvjK
ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ evDj msMxZ‡K RbwcÖq K‡i †Zvjvi Dci †Rvi †`b| GLv‡b `y‡Uv welq
j¶Yxq: cÖ_gZ, jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbvi wk¶v mvaK nIqv †_‡K cy‡ivcywi Avjv`v| wØZxqZ,
GUv cÖ¯vÍ e Kiv †evKvgx n‡e †h, evDj Mvb i¶v Kivi Rb¨ ¸iæ I f³‡`i g‡a¨ AvLov wfwËK
G Nwbô m¤úK© Acwinvh© bq| ¸iæ I f³‡`i jvj‡bi Mvb h_vh_ cÖPvi wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨
Kg©kvjvq †hvM`v‡bi †h cÖ¯vÍ e Zv `xN©w`‡bi AvLovwfwËK ¸iæi wk¶vi c×wZi ‰eaZv‡K
P¨v‡jÄ K‡i| ¸iæiv Zv‡`i AvLovq f³ I `k©Yv_©x‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv KivUv cQ›`
K‡ib| cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, ÔivRv mvayi evox‡Z hvq, mvay hvq bvÕ| iBm dwKi e¨vL¨v Ki‡jb,
wZwb mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv A`xw¶Z f‡³i evwo‡Z hvb bv Ges LveviI Lvb bv, †Kbbv wZwb `xw¶Z
f‡³i †mevB cQ›` K‡ib| hLb Avwg KviY wRÁvmv Kijvg, wZwb DËi w`‡jb GB e‡j †h,
GUv Lvev‡ii ¸YMZ gv‡bi Rb¨ bq eis AbyivM I ü`q wbsov‡bv fv‡jvevmv hv dwKiiv Pvq Zv
Af‡³i Kv‡Q cvIqv hvq bv| hw`I cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ HwZn¨evnx ¸iæwkl¨ m¤ú‡K©i cÖwZ¯’vcb
bq, ZeyI Kg©kvjvi cÖ¯vÍ e KivUv mvay‡`i PP©vi we‡ivax|
dwKi‡`i‡K AvLovi evB‡i G‡b AvaywbK AwW‡Uvwiqv‡g Zv‡`i ¸iæ‡K Z_vKw_Z †U«Bbvi
ev cÖwk¶K evbv‡bv nq| Kg©kvjvq jvj‡bi Mvb †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ ZiæY‡`i Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvUv
¸iæi AvLov‡Kw›`ªK dwKwi PP©vi ¸iæZ¡‡K Lv‡Uv K‡i| jvj‡bi Mv‡bi A`xw¶Z wkíxiv GUv
Dcjwä Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q †h, jvj‡bi Mvb¸‡j mvay‡`i dwKwi PP©vi MvBWjvBb| BD‡b‡¯‹vi
ewY©Z evDj Mvb i¶v Kivi cÖKíwU AvLov‡Kw›`ªK ¸iæev`x dwKwi aviv‡K cÖ‡kœi gy‡L †d‡j|
GKB ai‡bi Ae¯’v cwðge‡½i evDj‡`i g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvq| Benjamin Krakauer
(2015:356) we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb wKfv‡e fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ cÖfvekvjx ev½vwjiv cÖK…Z evDj
evQvB Kivi bv‡g evDj‡`i AviI †ewk SyuwKi gy‡L †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| bKj evDj †_‡K Avmj
evDj evQvB Kivi bv‡g mvaK‡`iB eis AviI †ewk SywK‡Z †d‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y
evDj‡`i A‡b‡K m¤§vb nvwi‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i Avq K‡g †M‡Q| †jLK IB †jLvq ga¨weË
†kÖYxi wkíx cve©Zx evD‡ji welqwU we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| `xw¶Z wn‡m‡e wZwb ïay †Miæqv i‡Oi
gRyg`vi: AvPv‡i wfbœ, msL¨vq bMY¨ evDj-dwKi I ivó« 55

†cvkvK, iæ`ªv‡¶i gvjv c‡ib| ïaygvÎ GKZviv evwR‡q cve©Zx evDj Mvb MvB‡Z cQ›` K‡ib|
GKRb wkw¶Z I AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖwkw¶Z wkíx wn‡m‡e Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡ib; Z`ycwi wZwb
gvwR©Z evsjvq K_v e‡jb| KxZ©b cwi‡ekb K†i wZwb A‡bK †ewk `k©‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y
K‡ib| GwU †Kv‡bv Avð‡h©i welq bq †h, wZwb RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK Drm‡e msMxZ cwi‡ekb
K‡ib| Krakauer AviI e‡jb, †jvKmsMx‡Zi Giƒc weK…wZi Kvi‡Y MZvbyMwZK evDj wkíxiv,
hviv wkw¶Z mymw¾Z bq, Zviv †ckvMZ wKsev AvgRbZvi m¤§vb I A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv
nviv‡”Qb| a«yc`x Av`‡j dwi`v cvifx‡bi jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbv Zv‡K evsjv‡`‡k jvjb
msMx‡Zi AvBKb K‡i Zy‡j‡Q| cve©Zx evD‡ji dwKwi Rxebhvcb K‡ib; Ab¨w`‡K dwi`v
cvifxb dwKwi mvabvi PP©vi g‡a¨ †bB| wkw¶Z †kÖYxi g‡a¨ jvj‡bi Mvb RbwcÖq K‡i †Zvjvi
Rb¨ dwi`v cvifxb I cve©Zx evDj DfqB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| hw`I jvj‡bi Mv‡bi
GB RbwcÖqZv cÖK…Z mvaK‡`i‡K ¶wZi gy‡L †dj‡Z cv‡i| wbtm‡›`‡n GB `yBRb wkíx
evsjv‡`‡ki I cwðge‡½i ZiæY, wkw¶Z †kÖYxi g‡a¨ jvj‡bi Mvb I mvay‡`i RbwcÖq K‡i
Zyj‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|

6| †Kv-Ac‡Ukb
dwKi‡`i PP©vq ivó«xq I Aivó«xq bvbvwea n¯Í‡¶c dz‡Kvi ÔcvIqv‡iiÕ GKUv fv‡jv D`vniY
g‡b n‡Z cv‡i; cÖK…Zc‡¶ GwU Zv bq| eis mvgwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡elYvi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~b©
Kb‡mÞ Ô‡Kv-Ac‡UkbÕ dwKi‡`i GB Ae¯’ve¨vL¨v Kievi Rb¨ Dchy³ n‡Z cv‡i| dy‡Kvi
cvIqvi †Rvic~e©K `gb, wbcxob wKsev mvgvwRK Pyw³i Ask wn‡m‡e KvR K†i bv eis GKUv
†KŠkj wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i (Foucault 1995)| GKBfv‡e dwKi‡`i Dci KZ©…Z¡ Kivi
Rb¨ mivmwi kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kivi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi KZ©…c¶ `xN©‡gqvw` †Kxkj Aej¤^b
K‡i‡Q| we‡kl K‡i †QDwoqvi jvj‡bi av‡gi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi I av‡gi mKj Abyôv‡bi wbivcËv
wbwðZ Kivi A_©‰bwZK I cÖkvmwbK mn‡hvwMZv †`qvi gva¨‡g ivó« I Zvi bvbvwea mn‡hvMx
msMVb dwKi‡`i wfbœgvM©x Rxeb PP©v †Kv-AcU K‡i|
Ab¨Zg L¨vwZgvb ¸iæ kni dwKi mvaviYZ dwKi‡`i c‡¶ evwl©K bvbwea Kg©m~wP D‡Øvab
K‡ib Ges miKv‡ii mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e KvR K‡ib| wZwb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb AvRKvj dwKiiv
GK‡Î wg‡j jvjb av‡gi evrmwiK Abyôvb Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z A¶g,‡Kbbv wewfbœ †jvK fxo K‡i|
AvBb k„sLjvi¶vKvix evwnbx‡K H ¯’v‡bi wbivcËv weavb Ki‡Z nq| L¨vwZgvb H ¸iæ gšÍe¨
K‡ib:
jvjb mvuBRx n‡jv dwKi‡`i m¤úwË; dwKiiv Zvi †`Lfvj Ki‡e| wKš‘ jvjb
GKv‡Wgxi m`m¨‡`i n¯Í‡¶‡ci Kvi‡Y welq¸‡jv‡Z GKUy RUjv ‰Zwi nq| we‡kl
wKQy AvBb Av‡Q mvaym½ Kivi, wKš‘ †mB¸‡jv wVKVvK cvjb Kiv nq bv| Z‡e hv
nq Zv Lye †ewk Lvivc bv; †Rjv cÖkvmb †mLv‡b Av‡Q| Zviv mvay‡`i m¤§vb †`q,
†mevi e¨e¯’v K‡i| Zviv mvay‡`i mvg‡b †i‡L KvR K‡i|
56 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

hLb Avwg Rvb‡Z PvBjvg KLb †_‡K mvay‡`i Kv‡R ev av‡gi Abyôv‡b miKvwi KZ©c‡¶i
n¯Í‡¶c ïiæ n‡q‡Q, Gi Dˇi wZwb e‡jb, GB cwiw¯’wZ ïiæ n‡q‡Q 2003 mvj †_‡K| ZLb
GKUv eo As‡Ki UvKv eivÏ nq miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K| cÖ_‡g GKUv g n‡jv, Zvic‡i
AwW‡Uvwiqvg I †M÷iæg ‰Zwi n‡jv| jvj‡bi av‡gi mvg‡bi MvQ¸‡jv miKvwi mn‡hvMwZvq
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MÖš’cwÄ

PµeZ©x, myaxi (1989): Mfxi wbR©b c‡_, KwjKvZvt Avb›` cvewjkvm©|

________(1992): eªvZ¨ †jvKvqZ jvjb, KwjKvZv, fviZt cy¯ÍK wecbx|
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________2009(L): jvjb mgMÖ, m¤úv`bv Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKvt cvVK mgv‡ek|
Sv, kw³bv_ (2008): jvj‡bi gvbyl-ZË¡, jvjb mgM«, m¤úv`K Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKv, cvVK
mgv‡ek|
________ (2010): e¯Íyev`x evDj, D™¢e, mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ I `k©b, KwjKvZv, fviZ, †`ÕR cvewjks|
`vm, gwZjvj (1958): jvjb-MxwZKv, KwjKvZv, KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖKvkbv|
wnZKwi, (1890): ÔgnvZ¥v jvjb dwKiÕ, jvjb mgMÖ, m¤úv`bv Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKv, cvVK
mgv‡ek|
iwdDwÏb, L›`Kvi (2009): ÔfvemsMxZÕ XvKv, m`i cÖKvkbx|
kixd, Avng` (2009): Òjvjb kvnÓ, jvjb mgMÖ, XvKv, cvVK mgv‡ek|
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