The document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed to perform dedicated tasks and integrated within a larger system. Embedded systems have characteristics like being single-purpose, tightly constrained by factors like cost, power and size, and requiring real-time performance. The document outlines some common embedded system applications and examples. It also discusses several design challenges for embedded systems like optimizing multiple design metrics like cost, performance and power consumption simultaneously.
The document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed to perform dedicated tasks and integrated within a larger system. Embedded systems have characteristics like being single-purpose, tightly constrained by factors like cost, power and size, and requiring real-time performance. The document outlines some common embedded system applications and examples. It also discusses several design challenges for embedded systems like optimizing multiple design metrics like cost, performance and power consumption simultaneously.
The document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed to perform dedicated tasks and integrated within a larger system. Embedded systems have characteristics like being single-purpose, tightly constrained by factors like cost, power and size, and requiring real-time performance. The document outlines some common embedded system applications and examples. It also discusses several design challenges for embedded systems like optimizing multiple design metrics like cost, performance and power consumption simultaneously.
The document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed to perform dedicated tasks and integrated within a larger system. Embedded systems have characteristics like being single-purpose, tightly constrained by factors like cost, power and size, and requiring real-time performance. The document outlines some common embedded system applications and examples. It also discusses several design challenges for embedded systems like optimizing multiple design metrics like cost, performance and power consumption simultaneously.
§ Single-functioned ▫ Executes a single program, repeatedly
§ Tightly-constrained ▫ Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.
§ Reactive and real-time
▫ Continually reacts to changes in the system’s environment ▫ Must compute certain results in real-time without delay
[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis CO3053 – Lecture Notes 9
An Embedded System Example
§ Single-functioned -- always a digital camera
§ Tightly-constrained -- low cost, low power, small, fast § Reactive and real-time -- only to a small extent [email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis CO3053 – Lecture Notes 11
Embedded Systems – Design Challenge
§ Obvious design goal ▫ Construct an implementation with desired functionality
§ Key design challenge:
▫ Simultaneously optimize numerous design metrics
§ Design metric ▫ A measurable feature of a system’s implementation ▫ Optimizing design metrics is a key challenge
[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis CO3053 – Lecture Notes 12
Embedded Systems – Common Design Metrics
§ Unit cost ▫ The monetary cost of manufacturing each copy of the system, excluding NRE cost § NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost) ▫ The one-time monetary cost of designing the system § Size ▫ The physical space required by the system § Performance ▫ The execution time or throughput of the system § Power ▫ The amount of power consumed by the system § Flexibility ▫ The ability to change the functionality of the system without incurring heavy NRE cost [email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis CO3053 – Lecture Notes 13
Embedded Systems – Common Design Metrics
§ Time-to-prototype ▫ The time needed to build a working version of the system § Time-to-market ▫ The time required to develop a system to the point that it can be released and sold to customers § Maintainability ▫ The ability to modify the system after its initial release
§ Correctness, Safety, CPU Technologies, Integration Level, Form Factor,
Application Specific Hardware, User Interface, Connectivity, Security [email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis CO3053 – Lecture Notes 14
Embedded Systems – Other Design Metrics
§ CPU Technologies
§ Integration Level
§ Form Factor
§ Application Specific Hardware
§ User Interface
§ Connectivity
§ Security [email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis CO3053 – Lecture Notes 15
The CPU § General purpose ▫ 32-bit, 64-bit long time ago. ▫ Clock-rate reach several GHz. ▫ Included Floating Point Unit (FPU) and/or Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) with parallel processing capability.
§ Embedded System ▫ Large range of compute capability. ▫ Still many 8-bit and 16-bit in small ES (PIC,AVR,…). ▫ Now, many systems requires 32-bit, 64-bit CPU (ARM,ATOM,…) [email protected] CO3053 – Lecture Notes 16
Integration Level § Early Embedded Systems ▫ Separate CPU + Peripherals + … ▫ Cost highly
§ SoC (System on a Chip)
▫ Many ICs are integrated into a single Chip ▫ High-density ➟ Low-cost ▫ CPU + Memory + IO or CPU + Memory + ADC ▫ Many levels of integration [email protected] Image Source: Internet CO3053 – Lecture Notes 17
Power Consumption § Many ES rely on battery ▫ Power consumption is very important
