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1

Safety: OPerational

RoIe of the Sofety Officet

Since I October 1982 the employer of the crew on a United Kingdom ship has
been required under The Merchant Shipping (Safety Officials and Reporting
of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences) Regulations, 1982 to appoint a
Safety Officer (see ChaPter 2).
The duties of a Safety Officer are to:
I
Endeavour to ensure that the provisions of the Code of Safe Vorking
Practices are complied with.
2 Endeavour to ensure that the employer's occupational health and safety
pclicies are complied with.
3 Investigate
(a) every accident required to be notified by the Merchant Shipping Act
(b) every dangerous occurrence
(c) all potential hazards to occupational health and safety
anci to make recommendations to the master to prevent the recurrence of
an accident or to remove the-hazard.- a."J-' 'l.iJ { < a >, ,- - j- r.
"
4 Investigate atl nqq:flif:o&gs d-o-mplaints by crew members concerning
occupational health and safety.
5 Carry out occupational health and safety inspections of each accessible
part of the ship at least once every three months.
6 Make representations and, where appropriate, recommendations to the
master (and through him to the company) about any dehciency in the ship
with regard to
(a) any legislative requirement relating to occupational health and safety
(b) any relevant M notice
(c) any provision of the Code of Safe Vorking Practices
7 Ensure so far as possible that safety instructions, rulesi and guidance are
complied with.
8 Maintain a record book describing all the circumstances and de tails of all

66
 J htPooarct vpetanons
{
accidents and dangerous occurrences, and of all other 'procecrtatql'
required by his duties, and to make the records available for inspectio "J
t

.' appfopriate personriel. : .

Siop any work which he reasoirably believes may cause a serious'acci J<.d
and inform the appropriate officer.
l0 Carry out the requirements of the safety committee.
Many mariners consider that the above duties, which are addition".l *.
'normal'duties, place an onerous burden on the officer concerned. However
safety has always been of paramount importance on board ship and someef
the above requirements only put into legislation the common practi c€- ct'
efficient seamen.
The Safety Officer needs to be well conversant with the legisb-li"'
described in Chapter 2 and in particular the Code of Safe Practic< 5a
Merchant Seamen, known to seamen as 'The Code'. The Departme'.'l- o'1
Transport has published Guidance Notes for Safety Oficials; these :,"o ie
should be carefully studied, particularly those sections which discus +1,.
ramifications of the officer's statutory duties'
The Safety Officer should always be on the lookout for potential haz--Ji
and must try to develop a high level of safety consciousness among the <re.*'
This will probably bethe most difncult aspect of his iob as there can be a l*3f
level ofsafety apathy, and not consciousness, among the officdrs and seah^e\
He should ,i--,o b."o*e the ship's adviser on occupational safety, wi..i<tl
means that the Safety Officer himself must set a high personal standarAd
safety awareness.
\q-hen carrying out the occuparional health and safety inspections 1l'.
Safety Officer must pay attention to the environmental factors as urell as'fr ll.
'statutory factors'. ihe gattey is a good area to consider. It is very impor-}.**
that rhe ixtinguishers are well maintained but it is also important that rf <-e,
extractor hoods are regularly cleaned to reduce the fire risk from accumulJt
grease, and that dirt does not accumulate in areas which would prod'^'c-'-
health hazard. Thus, the Safety officer does not only conduct an inspc-i"
for the,safety equipment checklist' but must carry out an environrne"k
inspection ro ensure that occupational safety standards are being mainta i-<J
Appendix 9 of the guidanie notes lists some factors *1lith mu5|bt
considered, a few of which are noted below.
Are means of access to the area under inspection in a safe conditionr*e-i
li t, and unobstructed?
l

Are fixtures and fittings over which seamen might trip or which Projei
particularly overhead, thereby causing potential hazards, suitably pa\.Ie'
or marked?
3 Are all guard-rails in place, secure' and in good condition?
4 Are lighting levels adequate?
.,

I
 $afav: Operattonal

5 Is ventilation adequate?
6 Is machinery adequately guarded where necessary?
7 Are permits to work used when necessary?
8 Is the level ofsupervision adequate' particularly for unexperienced crew?
The investigation of accidents and dangerous occurrences will be an
irnportant pari of the Safety Officer's duties. The ictual reporting o[ an
accident will be carried out by the master but it is the statutory duty of the
Safety Officer to investigate the incident and to assist the master to complete
the accident report form. The first form was issued in September 1982, Form "

ARFll, and the explanatory notes which accompany the form sh.ould be
closely followed,
The Safety Officer should have a chat with the ship's personnel to explain
the purpose and function of the form and to dispel any misconceptions to
which the 'galley radio'may have given rise. The following points should be
emphasized:

The purpose of the form is to ascertain the causes of accidents and

ultimately to reduce the chances of a similar accident happening again,
All forms are treated in the strictest confidence by the Department of
Transport.
None of the forms will be used by the Department of Transport in a
prosecution or an investigation.
4 The form is computer processed and thus will be seen by very few people.
5 Personal names are deliberately omitted from the form and thus anonymity ,

is ensured.
Officers should be aware that the post ofSafety Officer is not a sinecure and
that much effort should be put into the role in order to meet the obligations
required by the regulations.

Role of the safety reprcsentatioe

In every ship to which the regulations apply the officers and ratings may elect
safety representatives, but are under no obligation to do so. However, it
would be remiss not to do so and:
il
ships carrying fewer than 16 crew, one safety representative may be
elected by the officers and ratings; in ships carrying more than l5 crew
one safety representative may.be elected by the officers and one safety
representative may be electedi by the ratings.
The safety representative has powers but no duties, and he may:
I Participate in any of the inspections or investigations conducted by the
Safety Officer, provided that the latter agrees to such participation.
 Shipboard Operations
2 Undertake. similar. inspections or investigations himself, providing t\. '
notification of such acrivities has been given to the master.
3 On behalf of the crew on matters affecting occupational health and saf*6t
(a) consult with the master and the Safety Officer and make recommen.lo.-
tions to them, including recommendations to the master, 'that q.^A
work which the safety representative believes may cause an accice.*t
should be suspended';
(b) make representations through the master to the employer;
(c) request through the safety committee an investigation by the Sa{r.:t6
Officer of any such matter.
4 Inspect any of the Safety Officer's records.

The safety representatives need to develop a good relationship with l.h.

Safety Officer and should work with him to raise safety standards. The spir\{,
and the purpose, of the regutations would be badly damageci \1
representatives who might use their powers as a 'negotiating weapon' i4 -a
dispute with employers. The role of the safety representative should n., F b<,
abused by personnel who wish to use the post in an obstructive, instead ob "
constructive, manner. The employer has an obligation to formulate rules 5er
the election of safety representatives and thus elections should take plac<
The posts should not be filled by persons who are only nominated, eitJre-r b2
persons or unions, as the regulations make it clear that the posts can onl; b,
filled by elected personnel.
l

Safety committee
Ifsafety representatives are elected on any ship the employer mu.t appo,-$.'
safety committee, i.e. safety committees are mandatory on any ship r,.L\c-L
has ilected safety represeniatives. However, it would be a wise pracri- -{*
institute a safety committee on all ships. The membership of the commrrle
must include the master as chairman, the Safety Officer, and everys-fi
representative. The duties are to: .

qr
I Ensure that the provisions of the Code of Safe Vorking Practice-s
complied with.
2 Improve the standard of safety consciousness among the crew. I.
3 Make representations and recommendations on behatf of rhe crew t*f.,
employer.
4 Inspect any of the Safety Officer's records.
5 Ensure the obserr4ance of the employer's occupational health andsptrit
policies. ...'
6 Consider and take any appropriate action in respect ol r ny occttpl..' "
health and salety matters affecting the crew.
i

4
i.
 Shipboartl Operutions

Safety procedures
I Equipment must be properly rigged, secured, deployed, and safe to use.
2 Equipment adjusted as necessary.
3 Area adequately illuminated (ar least to 50 lux at deck level).
4 Lifdbuoy wiih self-acrivating light to be provided.
5 Safety line attached to a quoit to bc provided.
6 A bulwark ladder to be used when trecessary.
Officers should nore rhat the word ',\hstcr'whcn used in the conrext of this
rule 'shall include any person in chargc of a vessel during thc absence of the
Master'. Thus one assumes that if rhe Masrer is ashore artd drc access
equipment becomes unsuitable for use, rhe dury offcer wi.ll be held
responsible for such neglect and nor the absent Master. Officers should
further ncte that pelsons who contravene cenain regulations are liable, on
conviction, to a heavy fine, Aly person vrho misuses or irtrentionally damages
access equipment is also liable ro a finc,

Relevant dates
The reguladons concerning the maintenance, deployment, safe rigging, and
use of access equipment are operable on I January 1982.
I'he requirements to carry specified g?ngways, accommodation ladders,
and bulwark ladders are operabie on t April 1983 in respect of nerv ships and
on I January 1987 in respect of exisring ships.
The specilications for porrable ladders are operable on I April 1982.

Address
The address of thc British Srandards Irrsritution is Linford Vood, Mihon
Keynes MKl4 6LE.

Merchant Shipping (Safety Officiak and Reponing of Accidents

and, Dangerous Oceutrences) Regulatiotrs 1982, SI 1982 No, E76

Operadve I October 1982. Part I ofthe Regulations requires tle employer of

the crew of every Brirish ship carrying a crew of more rhan five (wirh a few
exceptions) to appoint a Safety Of6;er. It also enables the officers ard ratings,
if they so desire, to elect safety representarives. Once such a representative is
1
elected the employer is required to appoint a safery comniltee. The
Regulations stipulate that a Safety Officer must 'usc his bcst endeavours ro
ensurc that thc provisions oI rhe Codc of Safe Vorking Practices and rhe
employer's occupational hcaith and srfcty policies are complied wirh'.
42

66u
.,- -.. .,iii:iA.lili it*.L*t '!t1

' Sat'e4': Legislation

Arnong hi,, many duties he is rc.;rircd to improve the crew's safety
a\,!arqness, to irrqcstigete crcv/ mi:ryibirs' safety complaints, to investig,rte
accirlcnts, malle recommcr,dations to prevent the recurrence of such
accidcrits, and to carry out inspcctions. Part I also states the powers o[ a
salcty reprc:r'ntativc wherebl', on bchalf of the crew, he may make
rcprcscntatioos to the Nlaster, ihe Safety Oiflcer, the employer (through the
l\'[rslcr), anrl ti]e safety comlnittce on mitttels concerning sitfety. He ma17 also
prrticii)atc in srrlety investigatiotis or inspections carried out by the Salety
Cfliccr, unrl:rt.rkc sucli tasks hin:icl1, rt'id rcquest the commirtec to initi.ttc
1-.rrtic,'lllr irvesligarions in[o aspccts of safety. The dutics of the satety
corlrnittcc includc usilg 'thcir bcst cntlelvours' to inprovc safety
cons,.:iousness, to m.rkc rccotnstcnJations and rcprcserttltions to thc
ernplevr.'r, and to takc applopriatc action in any health alrd safcty matters
w:rich alicct the ship ald her crcu'. Thc duties of the employer and ,\lastcr
u'ith regrrd tc access of irrlbrnation and orher matters conclude Part i.
Purr 2 ofrhe Regulations proviiJc for the notifica(ion ofspccificd accidcnts
an:l dangcrous occurr('lac'j to persons cnrployed or carricd on board and
arilrlics ro r,!i lJnited King.lom :hips other than pleasure craft and fishing
',,esrels. lllic :\'llster or', in his abscnce, the most senior officer must repoit
c'.,cr\ u.ej(icnl irrvollin;: Llcath or scrious iniury as qulckly as possible to the
Dif:i:tmcr;. or Tr.-.^'tspoit. lir addition, ii thc vesscl carrics a Safcty Of{icer,
rhc }ldilr:r ,:ir ihc nrost sertiol oflicer shall make a written reporr oievery
ircridir( nr ,llngerous o!currcncc by completing thc Departnerrt of
1-r.io,;pori {.rrur, .1Jt.ljil. 'l he ilrster or senior olficer, rhe Safety Olficcr, and
:hc s.,icri r!prr\eirJl!!e riirist sign thc form. Othcr provisions apply whcn
Ihc lcs\el r! i)ol catry;ng a Sali'ty Olficer.
'l'he iic;lulutions ctrr;tiritr u schcdulc rvhich lists sonte t1-pical dangcrous
occln.err(L.s $hict! shoulil bc reported cveir iImajor irrjury has no( occrlLrcd.
'I trt rolr:, r,l Sirlcty Oilii:,:r, ';u lcty rt:irresetttativc, and thc safcty committtc
l:rr, l'tctr .t1,crr..scJ rr i.lrir; rcr' l.

I)ochs llegulatiors and Factory Act

1he Docl<s Regulations 193-1 were established under the Factory an.l
Workshop Act l90l and this is the reason why nranl'rnariners rel"er to the'm cs
rhc 'Factlry Acts'. The provisiurls ofthe i95l Factories Act have littl.'efltct
on rhc Docks Rcgulatiiins. 1'hc regulations ure mainly concerncd rvith liliirlg
dpi,linnucs, ,rcccss to holds, fcnci:rg and covers ol hltchcs, and ccnirin srlcty
proli:;i,us. 'l'hose asoects of the regulations which apply to derricks are
di,.lr.,:ct1 ir; Ctraptcr .l.
An c..tcr-,:ivc rcvisi ', ol thc ll)l'l Docks Regulutions conmcnced in I98J
lrnd ir rvr. llticip.rti .hat thc $ork $ould take in exccss trl lwo yelis.
{3