Exception Handling in

UNIT 14 EXCEPTION HANDLING IN Python Programming

PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Structure
14.0 Introduction
14.1 Objectives
14.2 Default Exception Handler
14.3 Catching Exceptions
14.4 Raise an exception
14.5 User Defined Exceptions
14.6 Summary

14.0 INTRODUCTION
Programers always try to write an error-free program, but sometimes a
program written by the programmer generates an error or not execute due to
the error generated in the program. Some times the program code is correct,
but still, it generates an error due to the malicious data is given as an input to
the program. This malicious data may be given by the user or from a file that
causes an error generation during the execution. This type of error generally
occurs when we user server-side programs such as web programming and
gaming servers.

Every developer is writing a code that must not generate an error during
execution. We will study various types of errors that generate during the
program execution or before the execution of the program code.

14.1 OBJECTIVES
After going through this unit, you will be able to :

 Understand the requirement of exception handling in programming

 Raise and catch the exceptions
 Perform exception handling in python programming

14.2 DEFAULT EXCEPTION HANDLER

Consider the following examples in which syntax is correct (as per the
Python statement), but it causes an error.
Example 1.
>>>3/0
Name of Error will be ZeroDivisionError
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 And the reason for the error is division by zero Excepti
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Example 2
>>> list1=[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>>list1[5]

Name of Error is :IndexError

Reson of Error is : list index out of range

Example 3.
>>>x+3

Name of Error is : Name Error

Reason of Error is : name 'x' is not defined"

Example 4.
>>>int('22.5')

Name of Error is :ValueError

Reason of error is : invalid literal for int() with base 10: '22.5'

Example 5.
>>> '2'*'3'

Error name is :TypeError

Reason of Error is : can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'

In each example syntax is correct, but it goes to an invalid state. These are
runtime errors. In such a situation, Python interpreter generates an exception
for run time errors. This exception generates an object which contains all
information related to the error. In Example 5 the error message displayed:
what is happening and at which line number it is happening (here line number
is one because there is only one statement in the code) and the type of error is
also printed.

It is the responsibility of python virtual machine to create the object

corresponding to the exception generated to handle the program code. If the
code responsible for handling the exception is not there in the program code,
then python interpreter will suspend the execution of the program code since
an exception is generated the python print the information about the
generated exception.

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 Exception Handling in
14.3 CATCHING EXCEPTIONS Python Programming

In Python, every exception is class, and these classes are the derived class of
the BaseException class. ThusBaseException class is the topmost class in the
hierarchy of exception classes.
Exception handling using try-except:
try:
risky code(generating exception)
except:
corresponding to risky code(handler)
The code which generates an exception must be written in a block with the
name specify by 'try'and the code which will handle the exception will be
given in 'except' block.
If the three lines code are written in Python
print("IGNOU")
print(87/0)
print("Welcome to the University")
>>>
…
Here the first line will be executed, and IGNOU will be printed when Python
interpreter will execute 2nd lines of the program then it generates an
exception, and the default exception handler will print the error code
"division by Zero"then after the program is terminated. Thus the third line of
the program will not execute. And this is also called as abnormal termination.
If we rewrite the code with the try and except then the code will become
print("IGNOU") 341
 Example 1: Implementation of try and except block. Excepti
Python

Here program terminated successfully. We can also print the error message
by modifying the code as:
Example 2:

In the above code, the first line executed successfully and "IGNOU" will be
printed. When the python interpreter executes the print statement "(23/0)" an
exception is raised, and a message given in the print statement will be printed
with the name of the exception "division by zero". After that,the interpreter
executes the last statement, and it will print "Welcome to the University."

If there are more than one except block written in the try block,then the try
block will execute the except block which is responsible for the code.
Example 3: Try block with more than one except block.

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 Exception Handling in
Python Programming

With the help of single except block, we can handle multiple exceptions:
Example 4: Multiple exception handling with a single try block and multiple
except block.

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 Corresponding to each error there will be an except block if corresponding Excepti
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except block is not there then a except block written at the end of all except
block is used for the error. And it must be the last except block in all.
Example 5: Implementation of default except for block

Some times exceptions may or may not be raised, and sometimes exceptions
may or may not be handled. Irrespective of both of these we still want to
execute some code. And such codes are written in finally block.
try:
Code with Error
except:
Code to handle error
finally:
Necessary code
Example 6: Implementation of finally block.

Nested try-except block:

If a try block is written inside another try block, then it is called as nested.
The code having higher risk must be defined in the innermost try block. If
there is any exception raised by the innermost try block, then it will be
handled by the innermost except block. If the innermost except block is not
able to handle the errorthenexceptblock defined outside the inner try block
will handle the exception.
Example 7: Implementation of the nested try block

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 Exception Handling in
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A single except block can be used to handle multiple exceptions. Consider

the given an example:
Example 8:Single except block handling multiple exceptions.

In case of different types of error, we can use a default except for block. This
block is generally used to display normal error messages. The default except
block must be the last block of all except blocks.

Example 9: Implementation of default except for block.

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 Excepti
14.4 RAISE AN EXCEPTION Python

Some times user want to generate an exception explicitly to inform that this is
the exception in this code. Such type of exceptions is called as user-defined
exceptions or customized exceptions.
This user-defined exception is a class defined by the user, and this class is
derived from the Exception class. Pythoninterpreter does not have any
information related to the user-defined exception class. Thus, it must be
raised explicitly by the user.
The keywordraise is used to raise the class when it is required.
Example 10: Implementation of user-defined exceptions.

14.5 USER-DEFINED EXCEPTIONS

A programmer can create his exception, called a user-defined exception or
custom exception. A user-defined exception is also a class derived from
exception class.
Thus, class, is the user define a class which is a subclass of the Exception
class.
There are two steps in using user-defined exception:
Step 1: By inheriting Exception class create a user-defined exception class.
Step 2: Raise this exception in a program where we want to handle the
exception.
Syntax :

classMyException(Exception):
pass
classMyException(Exception)
def __init__(self,argumnet):
346 self.msg=argumnet
 Exception Handling in
Python Programming
A raise statement is used to raise the statement.
Example 11: Program to raise an exception.

Check Your Progress

1. Give the name of the error generated by the following python codes.
a) 4 / 0
b) (3+4]
c) lst = [4;5;6]
d) lst = [14, 15, 16]
lst[3]
e) x + 5
f) '2' * '3'
g) int('4.5')
h) 2.0**10000
i) for i in range(2**100):
pass
2. Define the minimum number of except statements that can be possible in
the try-except block.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Describe the conditions in which finally block executed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Select the keyword from the following, which is not an exception
handling in Python.
a) try
b) except
c) accept
d) finally
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Give the output generated from the following Python code?
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4]
lst[4]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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 6. What will be the output generated with the following code? Excepti
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def function1():
try:
function2(var1, 22)
finally:
print('after function2')
print('after function2?')
function1()
a)Output will not be generated
b) after f?
c) error
d) after f
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.6 SUMMARY
In this unit, it is defined that a program may produce an error even though the
programmer is writing error-free code. These are the mistakes that change the
behaviour of our program code.
In this unit, it is defined that the default exception handlers are there in
Python. How these exception handler works are described in this unit.
By default, there are exception handlers in Python. But a user can also raise
the exception which is a customized exception, not a language defined
exception.

SOLUTION TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check Your Progress
1.
a) ZeroDivisionError
b) SyntaxError
c) SyntaxError
d) IndexError
e) NameError
f) TypeError
g) ValueError
h) OverflowError
i) KeyboardInterrupt Error
2. At least one except statement.
3. Finally block is always executed.
4. C
5. IndexErrorbecause the maximum index of the list given is 3.
6. C, since function finction1 is not defined.

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