Power system

Mr.Murtadha muhammed
Ms.Noor karim
Fdhelullah abdulkarim abdulmuhsin
Third stage (A)
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1-Number of EXP:- 11

2-Name of EXP:- Earth Leakage Circuit

Breaker

3-Date of EXP:- 1 - 3 – 2023

4-Circuit diagram:-
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5-The purpose of EXP:- An Earth Leakage Circuit

Breaker (ELCB) is a safety device that is designed
to protect people from electric shock and electrical
fires caused by leakage current in electrical circuits.
The purpose of an ELCB is to quickly disconnect the
electrical power supply in the event of an earth fault
or a ground fault, which occurs when an electrical
current flows from the live wire to the ground due to
a fault in the electrical system.
ELCBs are installed in electrical distribution systems
and are designed to detect even small amounts of
leakage current. When the ELCB detects a fault, it
trips the circuit breaker, disconnecting the electrical
supply and preventing further flow of electricity to
the fault. This action helps to protect people from
the risk of electric shock and electrical fires.
ELCBs are commonly used in industrial, commercial,
and residential electrical installations, and they are
considered an essential safety device in any
electrical system.
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6-Theoritical:- An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

(ELCB) is a type of circuit breaker that is designed
to protect against electrical shock and electrical
fires caused by earth leakage or ground faults. The
operation of an ELCB is based on the principle of
detecting the difference in current flow between the
live and neutral wires of an electrical circuit.
When an ELCB detects a fault, it trips the circuit
breaker, disconnecting the electrical supply and
preventing further flow of electricity to the fault.
This is achieved by monitoring the current flowing in
both the live and neutral wires of the circuit. If the
current in the live wire is greater than that in the
neutral wire, the ELCB trips and disconnects the
circuit.
The ELCB detects earth leakage or ground faults by
measuring the amount of current flowing from the
live wire to the ground. This is accomplished by using
a transformer to measure the difference in current
flow between the live wire and the neutral wire. If
the difference in current flow exceeds a certain
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threshold, the ELCB trips and disconnects the

circuit.
ELCBs are essential safety devices in any electrical
system, as they provide protection against electric
shock and electrical fires caused by ground faults.
They are commonly used in industrial, commercial,
and residential electrical installations and are
designed to be sensitive to even small amounts of
leakage current.
Overall, the theoretical concept behind the
operation of an ELCB is to quickly detect and
disconnect the electrical supply in the event of an
earth fault or ground fault, thereby protecting people
and property from the risk of electric shock and
electrical fires.
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7-Discussion:-

*What is the work principle of ELCB ?

The work principle of an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
(ELCB) is based on the principle of detecting the difference
in current flow between the live and neutral wires of an
electrical circuit.
In a normal electrical circuit, the amount of current
flowing through the live wire is equal to the amount of
current flowing through the neutral wire. However, in the
event of a fault, such as an earth fault or a ground fault,
current can flow from the live wire to the ground,
bypassing the neutral wire. This can result in a dangerous
situation, as the current can flow through a person's body
if they come into contact with an electrical appliance that
has a fault.
An ELCB works by detecting the difference in current flow
between the live and neutral wires of an electrical circuit.
It does this by using a current transformer to monitor the
current flowing through the live and neutral wires. If there
is a difference in current flow between the live and neutral
wires, the ELCB will trip, cutting off the electrical supply to
the circuit.
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When an ELCB trips, it operates a mechanism that opens

the contacts of the circuit breaker, disconnecting the
electrical supply to the circuit. This action protects people
and property from the risk of electric shock and electrical
fires caused by earth faults or ground faults.
Overall, the work principle of an ELCB is to detect any
difference in current flow between the live and neutral
wires of an electrical circuit, and to trip the circuit breaker
if such a difference is detected. This action quickly
disconnects the electrical supply to the circuit, protecting
people and property from the risk of electric shock and
electrical fires.
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*What are the type of ELCB ?

There are two main types of Earth Leakage Circuit
Breakers (ELCBs):
1. Voltage-Operated ELCB (also known as a V-ELCB or a
VOLTAGE ELCB): This type of ELCB operates based on
the voltage difference between the earth and the
neutral wires of an electrical circuit. A voltage-
operated ELCB has a voltage sensing coil that is
connected between the earth and neutral wires. If
there is an earth fault, the voltage between the earth
and neutral wires will change, causing the ELCB to
trip.
2. Current-Operated ELCB (also known as a C-ELCB or a
CURRENT ELCB): This type of ELCB operates based on
the difference in current flow between the live and
neutral wires of an electrical circuit. A current-
operated ELCB has a current sensing coil that is
connected between the live and neutral wires. If
there is an earth fault, current will flow from the live
wire to the earth, causing a difference in current flow
between the live and neutral wires. This will cause
the ELCB to trip.
Both types of ELCBs provide protection against electric
shock and electrical fires caused by earth faults or ground
faults. However, current-operated ELCBs are more
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commonly used because they are more sensitive to earth

faults and do not require a separate earth electrode.
Voltage-operated ELCBs are less sensitive and require a
separate earth electrode to operate.