AI ML Report
AI ML Report
AI ML Report
MACHINE LEARNING
VIRTUAL INTERNSHIP
An internship report submitted to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHONOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
ANANTHAPURAMU
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by
D. MUZAFAREEN (20121A1006)
(2020-2024)
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SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
Sree Sainath Nagar, A. Rangampet - 517102
VISION
To be one of the Nation’s premier Engineering Colleges by achieving the highest order
of excellence in Teaching and Research.
MISSION
To foster intellectual curiosity, pursuit and dissemination of
knowledge.
To explore student’s potential through academic freedom and integrity.
To promote technical mastery and nurture skilled professionals to face
competition in ever increasing complex world.
Vision
To be a center of excellence in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering through
teaching and research producing high quality engineering professionals with values
and
ethics to meet local and global demands.
Mission
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B. Tech. (Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
After few years of graduation, the graduates of B. Tech (EIE) will be:
PEO1. Enroll or complete higher education in the core or allied areas of
electronics and instrumentation engineering or management.
PEO2. Successful entrepreneurial or technical career in the core or
allied
areas of electronics and instrumentation engineering.
PEO3. Continued to learn and to adapt to the world of constantly
evolving
technologies in the core or allied areas of electronics and
instrumentation engineering.
Program Outcomes
On successful completion of the Program, the graduates of B. Tech. (EIE) Program will be able to:
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,
science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to
the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and
analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design system components or processes that
meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public
health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-
based knowledge and research methods including design of
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
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prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
On successful completion of the Program, the graduates of B. Tech (EIE) will be able to
PSO1. Design and develop customized electronics circuits for
domestic
and industrial applications.
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PSO2. To apply the fundamentals and mathematics and science in the
field of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.
PSO3. To apply appropriate techniques to formulate and analyze
engineering problems in Instrumentation and process control.
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Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
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Sree Sainath Nagar, A. Rangampet-517102
Certificate
T
This is to certify that the Internship Report entitled AI-ML Virtual Internship is the
bonafide work done and submitted by
D.MUZAFAREEN-20121A1006
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are deeply indebted to the supervisor, Dr. A. YASMINE BEGUM, M.Tech., Ph.D., Associate
Professor of Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering for valuable guidance,
constructive criticism and keen interest evinced throughout the course of our internship work. We are
really fortunate to associate ourselves with such an advising and helping guide in every possible way,
at all stages, for the successful completion of this work.
We express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. V. VIJAYA KISHORE, M.Tech., Ph.D., Professor
and Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his valuable
guidance and constant encouragement given to us during this summer internship-II and the course.
We express gratitude to our principal Dr. B.M. SATISH, Ph.D., for supporting us in completion of
our summer internship-II work successfully by providing the facilities. We are pleased to express our
heart full thanks to our faculty in the Department of EIE of Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College
for their moral support and good wishes.
Finally, We have a notation to express our sincere thanks to friends and all those who guided,
inspired and helped us in the completion of our summer internship-II.
D.MUZAFAREEN - 20121A1006
CONTENTS
Page no.
8
Acknowledgement ..
Abstract ..
List of Tables ..
Chapter 1: Introduction
Machine Learning
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4.1 Title 20
4.2 Background 20
4.3 Objective 20
4.4 Methods 20
4.5 Results 20
4.6 Conclusion 21
Conclusion 23
References 24
LIST OF FIGURES
Pg No.
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Fig1.1 Block Diagram of Machine Learning 01
Fig1.2 Machine Learning 03
Fig1.3 Machine Learning and Optimization 03
Fig1.4 Relationship between Machine Learning
and other Technologies 04
Fig2.1 Byte Marks 05
Fig2.2 Relationship between Artificial Intelligence
and Machine Learning 07
Fig2.3 Different Applications of Artificial Intelligence 08
Fig2.4 Different Applications of Machine Learning 09
Fig3.1 Supervised Learning 12
Fig3.2 Approximate Capacity 13
Fig3.3 Underfitting 14
Fig3.4 Overfitting 14
Fig3.5 Classification 15
Fig3.6 Regression 16
Fig3.7 Unsupervised Learning 17
Fig3.8 Types of Unsupervised Learning 17
Fig3.9 K-means clustering examples 18
Fig3.10 Reinforcement Learning 19
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Taste of Machine Learning
Arthur Samuel, an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming and
artificial intelligence, coined the term “Machine Learning” in 1959.
Over the past two deca
Over the past two decades Machine Learning has become one
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a learning algorithm. The learning algorithm then generates a new set of
rules, based on inferences from the data.
So to develop a good architecture you should have a solid insight in:
▪ The way humans interact or act (or not) with the machine learning
system.
▪ The development and maintenance process needed for the machine
learning system.
▪ Crucial quality aspects, e.g. security, privacy and safety aspects. In
its core a machine learning process exist of a number of typical
steps. These steps are:
• Determine the problem you want to solve using machine
learning technology
• Search and collect training data for your machine learning
development process
• based on inferences from the data. So to develop a good
architecture you should have a solid insight in:
Key principles that are used for this Free and Open Machine learning
reference architecture are:
1. The most important machine learning aspects must be addressed.
2. The quality aspects: Security, privacy and safety require specific
attention.
3. The reference architecture should address all architecture building blocks
from development till hosting and maintenance.
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4. Translation from architecture building blocks towards FOSS machine
learning solution building blocks should be easily possible.
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1.4 Relation to Optimization
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• Michael I. Jordan suggested the term data science as a placeholder
to call the overall field. The relationship between Machine Learning
and other technologies is shown in the fig.4
a top MNC or a start up as things that are currently being done manually
➢ Machine Learning revolution will stay with us for long and so will be the
CHAPTER 2
Technology Learnt
2.1 Introduction to AI & Machine Learning
Machine learning is a subfield of AI. Machine learning is an AI application
that enables computers to learn from experience and improve the
performance of specific tasks. It allows computers to analyse data and use
statistical techniques to learn from that data to improve their ability to
perform a given task. Machine learning is the field of computer
science working to develop computer systems that can autonomously learn
from experience — specifically, by processing the data they receive — and
improve the performance of specific tasks. The term “machine learning” is
often used interchangeably with the term “artificial intelligence,” but
machine learning is a subfield of AI.
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❖ Data Economy
World is witnessing real time flow of all types structured and
unstructured data from social media, communication, transportation,
sensors, and devices.
International Data Corporation (IDC) forecasts that 180 zettabytes of
data will be generated by 2025 as shown in the fig5 below.
Data is the new oil that is precious but useful only when cleaned and
processed.
There is a constant battle for ownership of data between enterprises to
derive benefits from it.
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❖ Define Machine Learning
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that
provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses
on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it
learn for themselves.
making of algorithms.
automated for learning new data patterns and adapting its algorithm.
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Fig2.2: Relationship between AI and machine Learning
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2.2 Applications of AI and Machine Learning
Applications of AI
▪ Optical character recognition.
▪ Handwriting recognition.
▪ Speech recognition.
▪ Face recognition.
▪ Artificial creativity.
▪ Computer vision.
▪ Virtual reality.
▪ Image processing.
▪ Automotive
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Applications of Machine Learning
❖ Image Processing
✓ Self-driving cars
✓ Industrial robotics
✓ Association rules
✓ Anomaly detection
❖ Video games
✓ Pokémon
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✓ PUBG
❖ Text Analysis
✓ Spam Filtering
✓ Information Extraction
✓ Research
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• Data acquisition
In ML, we constantly work on data. We take a huge amount of data for
training and testing. This process can sometimes cause data
inconsistency. The reason is some data constantly keep on updating.
• Algorithm Selection
The selection of an algorithm in Machine Learning is still a manual job. We
have to run and test our data in all the algorithms. After that only we can
decide what algorithm we want. We choose them on the basis of result
accuracy. The process is very much time consuming.
• Interpretation
• High error susceptibility
CHAPTER 3
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Techniques of Machine Learning
3.1 Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is the machine learning task of learning a function that
maps an input to an output based on example input-output pairs. It infers a
function from labeled training data consisting of a set of training examples.
Reserve 80% of data for Training (Train_X) and 20% for Evaluation
(Train_E)
✓ Training Step
Design algorithmic logic
Train the model with Train X
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Derive the relationship between x and y, that is, y = f(x) ✓
Evaluation or Test Step
Evaluate or test with Train E
If accuracy score is high, you have the final learned algorithm
y = f(x) If accuracy score is low, go back to training step
✓ Production Deployment
Use the learned algorithm y = f(x) to predict production data.
The algorithm can be improved by more training data, capacity, or algo
redesign.
✓ Once the algorithm is trained, test it with test data (a set of data
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be needed to find a better fit.
Fig3.3: Underfitting
that it has not seen before. The technique to keep data generic is called
Fig3.4: Overfitting
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❖ Examples of Supervised Learning
✓ Voice Assistants
✓ Gmail Filters
✓ Weather Apps
✓ Classification
➢ Answers “What class?”
Fig3.5: Classification
✓ Regression
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➢ Answers “How much?”
Fig3.6: Regression
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Fig3.7: Unsupervised Learning
Here the task of machine is to group unsorted information according to
similarities, patterns and differences without any prior training of data.
✓ Clustering
The most common unsupervised learning method is cluster analysis. It is
used to find data clusters so that each cluster has the most closely matched
data. Various types of
Unsupervised learning is shown in the fig.16
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Fig3.9: K-means clustering example
✓ Visualization Algorithms
Visualization algorithms are unsupervised learning algorithms that accept
unlabeled data and display this data in an intuitive 2D or 3D format. The
data is separated into somewhat clear clusters to aid understanding.
✓ Anomaly Detection
This algorithm detects anomalies in data without any prior training.
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Fig3.10: Reinforcement Learning
It differs from supervised learning in that labelled input/output pairs need
not be presented, and sub-optimal actions need not be explicitly corrected.
Instead, the focus is finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted
territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge) .
takes certain actions, and gets rewards in return (or penalties in certain
cases).
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CHAPTER 4
Case Study
A case study for an AIML internship could involve the development of a
chatbot for a specific industry or organization. Here is an example of a
potential case study:
Objective:
The objective of this project is to develop a chatbot using AIML that can
understand and respond to customer queries related to products, pricing,
and promotions in a natural and conversational manner. The chatbot should
be able to provide personalized product recommendations and help
customers complete their purchase.
Methods:
Research and analysis of customer queries and the products offered by the
retail company. Development of AIML scripts for the chatbot using natural
language processing techniques. Integration of the chatbot into the
company's website. Testing and evaluation of the chatbot's performance.
Results:
The chatbot was able to understand and respond to customer queries related
to products, pricing, and promotions in a natural and conversational
manner. The chatbot was able to provide personalized product
recommendations based on customer preferences and purchase history. The
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chatbot was able to assist customers in completing their purchases. The
chatbot received positive feedback from customers and improved the
company's customer service.
Conclusion:
The chatbot developed using AIML was able to improve the customer
service of the retail company by providing personalized product
recommendations and assistance with purchases. The chatbot's ability to
understand and respond to customer queries in a natural and conversational
manner was well received by customers.
This is just one example of how AIML can be used in a specific industry.
You could also develop a case study for other industries such as healthcare,
education, or finance. The key is to identify a specific problem or
opportunity in the industry and propose a solution using AI ML.
Conclusion
This internship has introduced me to Machine Learning. Now, I know that
Machine Learning is a technique of training machines to perform the
activities a human brain can do, albeit bit faster and better than an average
human-being. Today we have seen that the machines can beat human
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champions in games such as Chess, AlphaGO, which are considered very
complex. I have seen that machines can be trained to perform human
activities in several areas and can aid humans in living better lives.
Machine Learning can be a Supervised or Unsupervised. If have lesser
amount of data and clearly labeled data for training, opt for Supervised
Learning. Unsupervised Learning would generally give better performance
and results for large data sets. have a huge data set easily available, better
to go for deep learning techniques. I also have learned Reinforcement
Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning. now I know what Neural
Networks are, their applications and limitations.
References
1. Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "Voronoi-Based Multi-Robot
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Autonomous Exploration in Unknown Environments via Deep
Reinforcement Learning Archived 2020-11-16 at the Wayback Machine"
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020.
2. Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi, Mohsen; Hugh, Earl; Tulpan, Dan; Sulik, John;
Eskandari, Milad (2021). "Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Plant
Breeding:
Predicting Yield From Hyperspectral Reflectance in Soybean ?". Front.
Plant Sci. 11:
624273. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.624273. P MC 7835636. PMID
33510761.
4. Machine learning and pattern recognition "can be viewed as two facets of the
same
field."[5]: vii
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