1.

TEST YOURSELF

For Questions 1 to 8, select the correct answer A, B, C or D.

Qz
3
1 Rationalise the denominator of (there may be more than one answer). Practice quiz
2 7
21 2 21 21 21
A B C D
28 28 14 7
x − 3 x +1
2 Simplify − .
5 4
−( x + 7) x +7 x + 17 −( x + 17)
A B C D
20 20 20 20
3 Factorise x3 − 4x2 − x + 4 (there may be more than one answer).
A (x2 − 1)(x − 4) B (x2 + 1)(x − 4)
C x2(x − 4) D (x − 4)(x + 1)(x − 1)

4 Simplify 3 2 + 2 98 .

A 5 2 B 5 10 C 17 2 D 10 2

3 2 1
5 Simplify 2
+ − .
x −4 x− 2 x+ 2

x+5 x +1 x+9 x−3

A B C D
( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2)

6 Simplify 5ab − 2a2 − 7ab − 3a2.

A 2ab + a2 B −2ab − 5a2 C −13a3b D −2ab + 5a2
80
7 Simplify .
27

4 5 4 5 8 5 8 5
A B C D
3 3 9 3 9 3 3 3

8 Expand and simplify (3x − 2y)2.

A 3x2 − 12xy − 2y2 B 9x2 − 12xy − 4y2
C 3x2 − 6xy + 2y2 D 9x2 − 12xy + 4y2

9 Evaluate as a fraction: 1
−
a 7−2 b 5−1 c 9 2

ISBN 9780170413299 1. Algebraic techniques 41

 10 Simplify:
3 0
5 7 3 3 2 ( a 5 )4 b7  2x 6   ab 4 
a x ×x ÷x b (5y ) c d  3  e  5 6
a9 b   a b 

11 Evaluate:
1 2
−3
a 36 2 b 4 as fraction c 8 3

1 1
−
d 49 2 as a fraction e 16 4 f (−3)0

12 Simplify:
a a14 ÷ a9 b (x5y3)6 c p6 × p5 ÷ p2

(2x 7 )3 y 2
d (2b9)4 e
x10 y
13 Write in index form:
1 1
a n b c d 4 x +1 e 7 a+b
x5 x+ y
2 1 1
f g h 3
x4 i 7
(5x + 3)9 j
x 2x 3 4
m3
14 Write without fractional or negative indices:
1 1
a a−5 b n4 c ( x + 1) 2 d (x − y)−1 e (4t − 7)−4
1 1 3 4 3
− −
f ( a + b )5 g x 3 h b4 i ( 2x + 3) 3 j x 2

9 2
15 Evaluate a2b4 when a = and b = 1 .
25 3
4
 1 3
16 If a =   and b = , evaluate ab3 as a fraction.
 3 4
17 Write in index form:
1 1
a x b c 6 x +3 d e 3 y7
y (2x − 3)11
18 Write without the negative index: −5
−3 −1  a
a x b (2a + 5) c  
b
19 Simplify:
3a + 12 x y
a 5y − 7y b c −2k3 × 3k2 d +
3 3 5
e 4a − 3b − a − 5b f 8 + 32 g 3 5 − 20 + 45

42 MATHS IN FOCUS 11. Mathematics Extension 1 ISBN 9780170413299

20 Factorise:
a x2 − 36 b a2 + 2a − 3 c 4ab2 − 8ab
d 5y − 15 + xy − 3x e 4n − 2p + 6

21 Expand and simplify:

a b + 3(b − 2) b (2x − 1)(x + 3) c 5(m + 3) − (m − 2)
2
d (4x − 3) e (p − 5)(p + 5) f 7 − 2(a + 4) − 5a
g (
3 2 2 −5 ) h (3+ 7 )( 3−2 )
22 Simplify:
4 a − 12 10b 5m + 10 m2 − 4
a × 2 b ÷
5b3 a −9 m 2 − m − 2 3m + 3
23 The volume of a cube is V = s3. Evaluate V when s = 5.4.

24 a (
Expand and simplify 2 5 + 3 2 5 − 3 . )( )
3 3
b Rationalise the denominator of .
2 5+ 3
3 1 2
25 Simplify + − 2 .
x − 2 x +3 x + x −6
26 If a = 4, b = −3 and c = −2, find the value of:
a ab2 b a − bc c a d (bc)3 e c(2a + 3b)

27 Simplify:
3 12 4 32
a b
6 15 2 2
28 The formula for the distance an object falls is given by d = 5t2. Find d when t = 1.5.

29 Rationalise the denominator of:

2 1+ 3
a b
5 3 2
30 Expand and simplify:

(3 )( ) ( )
2
a 2−4 3− 2 b 7 +2

31 Factorise fully:
a 3x2 − 27 b 6x2 − 12x − 18 c 5y2 − 30y + 45

32 Simplify:
3x 4 y 5
a 5
b
9 xy 15x − 5

ISBN 9780170413299 1. Algebraic techniques 43

 33 Simplify:

(3 11) (2 3)
2 3
a b

34 Expand and simplify:

a (a + b)(a − b) b (a + b)2

35 Factorise:
a a2 − 2ab + b2 b a2 − b2
1
36 If x = 3 + 1, simplify x + and give your answer with a rational denominator.
x
37 Simplify:
4 3 x−3 x−2
a + b −
a b 2 5
3 2
38 Simplify − , writing your answer with a rational denominator.
5 + 2 2 2 −1
39 Simplify:
8 6
a 3 8 b −2 2 × 4 3 c 108 − 48 d
2 18
2m3n
e 5a × −3b × −2a f g 3x − 2y − x − y
6 m 2n 5
40 Expand and simplify:
a 2 2 ( 3+ 2 ) b (5 )(
7 −3 5 2 2 − 3 ) c (3+ 2 )(3− 2 )
(4 )( ) (3 )
2
d 3− 5 4 3+ 5 e 7− 2

41 Rationalise the denominator of:

3 2 2 2 2 5+ 2
a b c d e
7 5 3 5 −1 3 2+ 3 4 5 −3 3

42 Simplify:
3x x − 2 a + 2 2a − 3 1 2
a − b + c 2
−
5 2 7 3 x −1 x +1
4 1 3 5
d 2
+ e −
k + 2k − 3 k + 3 2+ 5 3− 2
43 Evaluate n if:
a 108 − 12 = n b 112 + 7 = n c 2 8 + 200 = n

180
d 4 147 + 3 75 = n e 2 245 + = n
2

44 MATHS IN FOCUS 11. Mathematics Extension 1 ISBN 9780170413299

 1. CHALLENGE EXERCISE

2
−
1 Write 64 3 as a rational number.

2 Show that 2(2k − 1) + 2k + 1 = 2(2k + 1 − 1).

4 3 2
a  2  1  3
3 Find the value of in index form if a =   , b =  −  and c =   .
3 2
bc  5  3  5
4 Expand and simplify:
a 4ab(a − 2b) − 2a2(b − 3a) b (y2 − 2)(y2 + 2) c (2x − 5)3
1
5 Find the value of x + y with rational denominator if x = 3 + 1 and y = .
2 5 −3
2 3
6 Simplify .
7 6 − 54
7 Factorise:
a (x + 4)2 + 5(x + 4) b x4 − x2y − 6y2 c a2b − 2a2 − 4b + 8

2xy + 2x − 6 − 6 y
8 Simplify .
4 x 2 − 16 x + 12

( a + 1)3
9 Simplify .
a2 −1

4 a2
10 Factorise − .
x 2 b2
11 a Expand (2x − 1)3.
6 x 2 + 5x − 4
b Hence, or otherwise, simplify .
8 x 3 − 12x 2 + 6 x − 1
12 If V = πr2h is the volume of a cylinder, find the exact value of r when V = 9 and h = 16.
1
13 If s = u + at2, find the exact value of s when u = 2, a = 3 and t = 2 3.
2
14 Expand and simplify, and write in index form:

( ) ( )( )
2
3
a x +x b a+3b 3
a−3b
2 2
 1   1 
c  p+  d  x + x 
 p
2 3 4
a3b 2  3  2  1
15 Find the value of 2 if a =   , b =   and c =   .
c  4  3  2

ISBN 9780170413299 1. Algebraic techniques 45