Revised-BEng (Hons) Electromechanical Engineering
Revised-BEng (Hons) Electromechanical Engineering
Revised-BEng (Hons) Electromechanical Engineering
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
© 2017
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SECTION 1
1.1 UNIVERSITY
The degree programme in Electromechanical Engineering shall be taught at
the Copperbelt University.
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SECTION 2
5. The proposed programme has common courses for second years with
the existing BEng (Hons) programmes in the School of Engineering.
Additionally, most of the courses on the programme are already being
taught in the school. The remaining courses have been assigned
existing CBU lecturers.
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6. The re-introduction of the degree programme in Electromechanical
Engineering will create very little strain on the administration in terms
of classroom space and staffing. The programme is being designed to
as far much as possible fit into the existing resources.
2.3 AIM
2.4 OBJECTIVES
The second year of the programme will have common courses with the
running BEng (Hons)degrees in the School of Engineering. Branching out will
be done at third year. The programme aims at producing well-qualified
Electromechanical engineering professionals with strong problem solving and
design skills.
The existing admission criteria shall apply to all school leavers. School leavers
will enter through the School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and then at
second year will be selected for the BEng (Hons)programme in
Electromechanical engineering in the School of Engineering.
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2.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A DEGREE IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
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SECTION 3
5
YEAR FIVE ( Electromechanical Engineering )
EM 500 Project
MG 531 Management Studies
EM 511 Electromechanical Design
EM 551 Turbo Machines
EM 541 Heat and Mass Transfer
EE 570 Electrical Power Systems and Protection
ELECTIVES
Any two electives, one from EM and one from EE
EM 531 Tribology
EM 542 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
EM 545 Maintenance Engineering and Environmental Practice
EE 571 Renewable Energy Systems
EE 541 Electrical Drives
EE 521 Electrical Power Systems Analysis
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SECTION 4
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YEAR FIVE ( Electromechanical Engineering )
ELECTIVES
EM 531 Tribology Mr E Langi (SE)
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SECTION 5
YEAR THREE
INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE I
(i) Industrial Training and/or Field work is an essential part of the undergraduate training and
therefore forms part of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.
(iii) The Assistant Dean of the School of Engineering and the Departmental Co-ordinators
will arrange for the placement of students. At the end of each vacation, each student will
be required to submit a written report of his activities during that training period.
(iv) Any period spent doing supervised research or consultancy work in collaboration with an
academic member of staff of the School of Engineering during the vacation will count as
a period of Industrial Practice provided that at the end of such a period, written reports
are submitted to the DepartmentalCo-ordinator by the individual student and Research
Supervisor.
(v) All reports must be submitted within three weeks of the beginning of the academic year
following the vacation training period.
(vii) The Departmental Co-ordinator shall be required to prepare and circulate, at the
beginning of each vacation period, guidelines for both students and employers on the
nature, scope and conduct of vacation training and supervision expected by the School.
(viii) When necessary, the Industrial Co-ordinator may interview a student on his activities
during the industrial period and recommend a decision to the Board for approval.
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MA 310 Engineering Mathematics II
Background and Rationale
To equip trainees with knowledge, skills and attitudes in mathematical methods to enable
them solve problems in electrical operations.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
Assessment
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Recommended text books
1. Kreysgiz E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, john Wiley and Sons,
2006
2. ErMengJoo, Engineering Mathematics with real world application, McGraw Hill,
2005
3. Frank Ayres and Elliot Mendelson, Schaum’s outline of calculus, 5th Edition,
McGraw Hill, 2009.
4. Vairamanickam K., Patchagar N. P. Thillaigovindan (2005), Engineering
Mathematics Volume I
5. Bird J. O. and May, ATC (1994) 3rd edition: Technician Mathematics.
6. Kaufmann E. Jerome (1987) College Algebra
7. Howard Anton and Chris Rorres (1987) Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications
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EE 320 Electrical/Electronics Principles II
Background and Rationale
To equip trainees with knowledge, skills and attitudes required to apply Electrical and
electronic principles during their electrical operations.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
Assessment
1. John Bird, Electrical Circuits Theory and Technology, 3rd Edition Elsevier, 2007
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3. R.J. Maddock, D.M. Calcutt, Electronics – A course for Engineers, ELBS Edition,
Longmann Group (FE) KLimited
4. B.L. Theraja, A.K. Theraja, A textbook of Electrical Technology, 1995
5. Peter H. Beards, Analogy and Digital electronics. A First course, 2nd Edition, Prentice
Hall, 1991
6. Journals: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
7. IEEE transaction on Electronic Devices
8. IEEE Journal of solid state circuits
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EE 321 Electrical Machines I
Background and Rationale
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
1. Introduction
a. Electrical Machine
b. Principles.
c. Energy.
d. System Analysis.
e. Electro-mechanical Relations.
f. Electrical Relations.
g. Mechanical Relations.
h. Typical Electromagnetic Machines.
i. Summary.
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3. Energy Conversions.
a. Constant Current i0
b. Constant Flux.
c. General Condition.
6. Interaction Forces.
a. Slotting Effect.
Assessment
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1. Hughes. E., Electrical Technology
1. Siskid C., Electric Machines Direct Current and Alternating Current (DC and AC)
2. Theraja B. L., Electrical Technology
3. Kosow I. L., Electric Machinery and Transformers
4. Walter L. Bartkiv and Kenny T. Sookhoo, Electrical Systems Technology
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MC 341 Digital Systems and Microprocessors
Background and Rationale
To introduce digital system design, the principles of programmable logic devices, the
implementation of combinational and sequential circuits, and the principles of hardware
design using System Verilog and/or ( VHDL) a state – of – the art hardware description
language
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
1. Introduction
Decimal number system ; Binary number system ; Octal Number system ;
Hexadecimal number system ; Codes: ASCII , BCD; 1's and 2's Complements of
Binary Numbers
2. Combinational logic gates:
Half –adder; Full adder; Basic logic gates ;Boolean algebraic Laws/Rules and
postulates ; Karnaugh Maps ; Flip – flops ; Counters and Registers ; Multi/De-
Multiplexing ; Decoders/Encoders; Truth table; Encoders, Decoders,
3. Sequential logic gates
Shift –registers; Timing diagrams; Logic Circuit Operation with Pulse Waveform
Inputs;
4. Introduction to microprocessors and microcontrollers
Comparison between microcontrollers and microprocessors ; Introduction to system
components and buses; Software control of Microprocessor systems ; Instruction
Execution within a Microprocessor ; Hardware requirements for Basic I/O
programming; Analogy and Digital interfacing of microcontrollers (e.g. ADC, PWM,
parallel and serial IO)
5. Introduction to Programmable logic controllers (PLCs)
I/O devices; I/O processing; ladder and function block programming; internal relays;
Jump and call; Timers; Data handling; Instruction lists (ILs), sequential function
charts (SFCs), and structured text (ST).
6. Integrated circuit technologies: TTL, CMOS,
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The TTL Family; TTL Voltage and Current Ratings; Other TTL Considerations;
Improved TTL Series ; The CMOS Family; Emitter-Coupled Logic ; Comparing
Logic Families.
7. Introduction to Verilog or VHDL and its use with FPGA (practical training)
Entity Declarations ;Architecture Descriptions ; Timing Model; Data types; signals
and variables; Operators; objects and processes; syntax rules; Programming FPGA
using appropriate tool (Altera Cyclone).
Assessment
1. William Kleitz, Digital Electronics a practical approach with VHDL, 9th Edition
(2012), Pearson.
2. AH Mazidi, Sarmad N and SepherNaimi, The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded
Systems, (2011), Prentice Hall
3. W. Bolton, Programmable logic controllers, 5th Edition, (2009), Newness
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EM 321 Fluid Mechanics
To introduce students to the concepts of fluid statics, basic fluid dynamics, Turbo machines
and rotating systems, flow in pipes and open channels.
Learning outcomes
On completion of the module, the trainees will be able todemonstrate understanding of the
concept of fluid dynamics and fluid statics.
Objectives
Content
5. 0 Momentum Equation
5.1 Momentum and fluid flow
5.2 Control volume equation
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5.3 Application of control volume equation to the linear momentum equation
5.3.1 Impingement of jets on fixed and moving vanes
5.3.2 Forces on pipe bends
5.3.3 Nozzles
5.3.4 Obstacles in natural streams and channels
5.3.5 Turbo machines and rotating systems
Assessment
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EM 330 Mechanics of Materials
Background and Rationale
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
3. Deflection of beams.
3.1 The differential equations of the elastic line –by integrations, movement –area,
3.2 Superposition and Macaulay’s method ,by strain energy method;castigliano’s
theorem; strain energy due to tensile and shear stresses, impact loading;
3.3 Virtual work methods with applications to problems of deflection of structure,
beams statically indeterminate beams and structures shear deflection of beams.
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4. Continuous beams
4.1 Theorem of three- moments.
4.2 Bending moment diagrams and support reactions
4.3 Torsion: torsion of shafts, rotating shafts, beams; combined torsion and
bending beams and rotating shafts helical, torsion and leaf springs.
5. Theory of columns
5.1 Buckling
5.2 Transverse loading of struts and tie-bars.
Assessment
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EM 331 Thermodynamics
Background and Rationale
To introduce the study of the internal motions of many body systems (e.g., solids, liquids,
gases, and light), to study a branch of natural science concerned with heat and its relation to
energy and work.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
1. Fundamentals
Introduction
Thermodynamic systems & their classification
Thermodynamic processes
Energy conservation
Heat – specific heats
Work – heat & work; path functions
Laws of thermodynamics – implications & applications
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Free expansion processes
Flow expansion processes
Throttling processes
Application of steady flow energy equation to engineering systems
7. Steam Engines
Classifications
Important components of a steam engine
Terminologies
Operation of steam engines
Power
Efficiency
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Assessment
1. Cohen H., Rodgers G.F.C., and Saravanamuttoo H.I.H., Gas Turbine Theory,
Longman, 4th Ed., New York 1996. ISBN 0-582-23632-0.
2. Heywood J.B., Internal Combustion Engine fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, 1988.
3. Fergusson C.R., Internal Combustion Engines - Applied Thermo Sciences, Wiley,
1986.
4. Khovakh M., Arkhongelsky V., Steopanov Y., Trustov V., Vikhert M., and
Voinoc A., Motor Vehicle Engines, Mir, Moscow, 1979.
5. Rodgers G.F.C. and Mayhew V.R., Engineering thermodynamics, work and heat
transfer, Longman, 3rd Ed., London, 1982.
6. Thermal Engineering, R.S Kurmi& J.K Gupta
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YEAR FOUR
INDUTSRIAL PRACTICE II
As explained in Third Year. This is a continuation and end of the practice which ensures a
studentaccrues the recommended fourteen weeks of industrial practice.
To equip trainees with numerical, computing and statistics skills to enable them solve
problems in electrical operations and analysing statistical data
Learning outcomes
1. Perform numerical computing in linear algebra using Jacobis and Gauss Seidal
methods
2. Apply Newton Raphson method and Bisection methods in solving numerical
equations
3. Demonstrate understanding of the Z-transformation
4. Apply probability theory in solving problems in statistics
Objectives
Content
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Assessment
1. Jonson Richard ArnoldBhattacharyya Gouri K., Statistics Principles and Methods, 5th
Edition, John Wiley, 2006
2. Milton J. Susan and Arnold Jesse C, Introduction to Probability
andStatistics:Principles and Application for Engineering and the Computing Sciences
4th Edition, McGraw – Hill, 2003
3. E Ward Cheney,David R Kincaid, Numerical Mathematics and Computing, 6th
Edition, Thomson Learning, Inc.l, 2008
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MC 450 Control Systems
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
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8. Continuous state models, analysis and synthesis
9. Continuous estimators
10. Transient and steady-state response of state variable representations
11. Pole placement techniques
12. Discrete control systems
13. Z-transforms, difference equations
14. ZOH circuits
15. Discrete root locus
16. Practical considerations of discrete control systems
17. A/D and D/A converters and filters
18. Design exercises
Assessment
1. Norman S.Nice, Control Systems Engineering, 6th Edition, (2011), John Wiley &
Sons.
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MC 451 Fluid Power Systems
Most industries are automated and use hydraulics and pneumatics to achieve different levels
of automation. Therefore, the purpose of this course is to introduce students to fluid power
systems and their application to industry.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
4. Actuators
Hydraulic motors; Torque capacity analysis; Hydraulic motor performance;
Volumetric efficiency; Mechanical efficiency; Overall efficiency; Electro-hydraulic
stepping motors
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Types of cylinders; Construction and applications; External and internal leakages;
operation considerations; sluggish Operation; Hydraulic rotary actuators; Hydraulic
servo actuators
5. Valves
Types of valves; construction of valves; operation of different valves; performance of
valves; Pressure relief valves; directional control valves; proportional control valves;
sequence valves; flow equalisers; valve failures and remedies; applications of
directional and flow control valves; seals
6. Basic symbols
Line, circle, semi – circle, square, rectangle and diamond shapes as applied to
symbols; Actuator symbols; valves symbols; pumps; differences between hydraulic
and pneumatic symbols; conversion of pictorial drawings to hydraulic circuits; port
numbering convention; Symbol rules
7. Hydraulic pumps
Types of hydraulic pumps; Principles of operations; Pump performance; Volumetric
efficiency;Mechanical efficiency; Pump capacity;Effect of running clearance on pump
capacity; Effect of oil viscosity on capacity; Pump performance curves;Comparison of
pump performance parameters; Cavitation in pumps; pump selection
8. Accessories
Reservoirs; Strainers; filters; Accumulators; hydraulic transmission lines; gauges; heat
exchangers;
10. Pneumatics
Properties of air; Charles laws; Boyles laws; pneumatic symbols; symbol rules
12. Compressors
Types of compressors; compressor capacity; accessories; Air receivers and
compressor control; air treatment; Pressure regulation; service units
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Basic design and control of a programmable logic controller; Basic command sets;
Creating, loading and testing sequence programs; Creating time delay and counter
functions; Program editing; Fault analysis; Hardware Configuration; Wiring inputs
and outputs; Local and Global addressing of variables; Timers and Counters
functions; Formulate, download and testing of industry related sequence programs
Assessment
2. Andrew Parr, Hydraulics and Pneumatics, a Technician’s and Engineer’s Guide, 3rd
Edition, (2011), Elsevier. ISBN-13: 978-0-08-096674-8
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EE 421 Electrical Machines II
To give the student the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to understand the theory of
Electrical Machines.
Learning outcomes
1. Differentiate the different types of static and rotary electrical machines and their
applications.
2. Demonstrate understanding of different electrical machine starting methods and
braking methods.
3. Demonstrate different transformer connections.
Objectives
1. Explaining different types of static and rotary electrical machines and their
applications.
2. Understanding different electrical machine stating methods and braking methods.
3. Demonstrating different transformer connections.
Content
1. Three-Phase Transformers
1. Construction.
2. Cooling Methods.
3. Dryformers.
4. Transformer on No-Load.
5. Transformer Inrush Current..
6. Transformer Parallel Operation.
7. Vector Grouping.
Assessment
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Prescribed text book
1. AC Machines - MG Say.
2. Electrical Machines and Drive Systems – CB Gray.
3. Electrical Machines and their Applications.
4. Higher Electrical Engineering – J Shepherd, A Morton, L Spence.
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EE 460 Electrical Energy Systems
Electrical energy systems are the pillar upon which modern civilization rests. From
applications as complex as space travel, through medical applications, to simple applications
as the lighting of houses, electrical energy has continued to play a vital role. It is in this vain
that students pursuing a degree in Electromechanical engineering are exposed to the
operation, optimization and protection of electrical energy equipment and systems. The
course focuses on electrical power system operation, stability and security, and places
particular emphasis on protection of electrical equipment.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
3. System Protection
i. Switchgear
ii. Overcurrent protection
iii. Differential protection
a. Distance protection
b. Protection of Transformers, Generators and Motors
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c. Busbar configurations and busbar protection
d. Protection against overvoltages and switching surges
e. Protective system communication
f. Communication protocols
6. Substation Automation
i. Types of substations
ii. Substation busbar configurations
iii. Substation automation using SCADA systems
Assessment
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EM 411 Machine Design
Learning outcomes
Objectives
1. To cover the basics of machine design, including the design process, engineering
mechanics and materials
2. To analyse failure prevention under static and variable loading, and characteristics of
the principal types of mechanical elements.
3. To offer a practical approach to the subject through a wide range of real-world
applications and examples.
4. To demonstrate to students the link between design and analysis.
Content
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Distortion –Energy theory for ductile materials
Maximum-Normal-stress for Brittle materials
Coulomb-Mohr theory for ductile materials
2.4 Selection of failure criteria for a particular design
2.5 Failure of brittle materials
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7.3 Gear failure
7.4 Gear trains
7.5 Tooth systems
7.6 Force analysis
8.0 Shafts
8.1 Types of shafts and their applications
8.2 Methods of mounting machine elements on shafts
8.3 Types of loading on shafts
8.4 Shaft materials
8.5 Critical speeds of shafts
8.6 8.6 Fits and limits on shafts
11.0 Springs
11.1 Types of springs
11.2 Stability of springs
11.3 Helical compression spring for dynamic static services
11.4 Spring materials
11.5 Curvature effect
11.6 Helical compression springs for
11.7 Extension springs
11.8 Dynamic service of
11.9 Spring life.
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12.3 Factors in design of rivets
12.4 Strength and rivet failures
12.5 Efficiency of riveted joints
12.6 Bolt strength
12.7 Bolted and riveted joints loaded in shear
12.8 Adequacy assessment for welded joints
Assessment
1. J.E Shigley& C.R. Mischke, Mechanical Engineering Design, 6th Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India, 2003, ISBN 0-07- 049462-2
1. J.E Shigley& C.R. Mischke, Mechanical Engineering Design, 6th Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India, 2003, ISBN 0-07- 049462-2
2. Robert C. Juvinall& Kurt M. Marshek, Fundamentals of machine component design,
5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
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EM 470 Manufacturing Technology
This course provides the student with an introduction to industrial manufacturing from
mechanical technology viewpoint. The overall aim is to establish the technical knowledge
for selection, design, and planning of manufacturing processes and systems.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
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2. Fundamentals of casting. Basic understanding of commonly used casting processes
(sand casting, investment casting and permanent mould casting processes).
9. Surface treatment;
12. Product and process design- for integration; design for economic manufacturing;
design for manufacturing integration.
Assessment
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YEAR FIVE
EM 500: PROJECT
Each final year student in the School of Engineering must conduct and complete a project
assignment. The topic for the project work is selected by the student with the approval of his
Departmental Project Co-ordinator at the end of the Fourth year so that preliminary study and
planning can start during the following long vacation.
Projects may involve design, construction, testing and/or management and require laboratory
investigation, field work, analysis, design, study and library research. An oral progress report
will be required of the student at specified times during the academic year. Assessment of
these will contribute to the final continuous assessment.
The student will submit to his Head of Department, by the end of classes in the third term, 2
(two) copies of the formal report on his project work.
MG 531 ManagementStudies
Background and Rationale
Learning outcomes
Objectives
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Content
Assessment
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EM 511 Electromechanical Design
Learning outcomes
Objectives
The overall objective of this course is to learn a systematic and deterministic process for
designing complex multi‐disciplinary engineering systems by getting exposure to all aspects
of system design. The key learning objectives for the student are to:
1. Understand and apply principles of machine design and assembly using a standard
Machinery Handbook.
2. Be able to create solid models and engineering drawings, suitable for communication
to a professional machine shop. Be able to understand and interpret engineering
drawings.
3. Be able to design complex Electromechanical systems.
4. Become proficient in the use of appropriate computer aided software.
Content
3. Electromechanical Systems
Design considerations, Integration of mechanical and electrical elements, Assembly,
Maintenance, Interfacing, materials, etc.
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5. Case Studies
Assessment
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EM 541 Heat and Mass Transfer
The purpose of this course is to give the students a basic knowledge of the heat and mass
transfer and thereby transferring the main principles and applications of the subject to the
students. You should become familiar with the principles of heat and mass transfer and solve
relevant problems regarding heat exchangers and similar equipment commonly used in
society.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
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3.5 heat transfer in common configurations
6.Fundamentals of convection
6.1 physical mechanism of convection.
6.2 classification of fluid flow,
6.3 velocity boundary layer,
6.4 thermal boundary layer,
6.5 laminar and turbulent flows.
7 Heat Exchangers
7.1 types of heat exchangers.
7.2 the overall heat exchanger coefficient
7.3 .analysis of heat exchanger
7.4 the log mean temperature difference method
Assessment
1. Incropela F.P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons
1990, ISBN 0-471-51729-1.
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Recommended text books
1. Holman J.P. Heat Transfer, Sixth Ed. MacGraw-Hill. 1988. ISBN 0-07-029620-0’
2. Incropela F.P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons
1990, ISBN 0-471-51729-1.
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EM 550 Turbo Machines
Background and Rationale
The goal of this course is to produce students competent in identifying, designing and
evaluating turbo machines such as pumps, compressors, axial fans, and turbines used in the
energy sector, agriculture, aerospace, transportation, and other purposes. The principles of
thermodynamics and fluid mechanics play a pivotal role in the application of the fundamental
laws that govern turbo machines.
Learning outcomes
1. Build concepts of velocity triangles, reaction, meridional and cascade views of turbo
machines ;
2. Design and evaluateblade angles, flow regimes, steady, compressible and
incompressible in order to determine the efficiencies of the turbo machines and
performance characteristics.
Objectives
Content
2. Introduction to CFD
3. Similarity laws in turbomachinery and dimensional analysis
Dimensional performance variables for pumps, fans and compressors and turbines.
4. Cavitation
In pumps and turbines, the relation of pressures, and vapour pressure at suction point and
Net positive suction head available and required, NPSHa,
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Generation of power with impulse and reaction turbines, effective head , Euler head and
hydraulic losses, draft tube
6. Pelton wheel
Hydraulic efficiencies, velocity triangles, output power, overall efficiencies, mechanical
efficiencies, jet power. wheel efficiency,
7. Francis Turbine
Hydraulic efficiencies, velocity triangles, output power, overall efficiencies, mechanical
efficiencies
8. Kaplan Turbine
Hydraulic efficiencies, velocity triangles, output power, overall efficiencies, mechanical
efficiencies.
9. Torque convertors and hydraulic couplings
Hydrokinetic couplings, hydro viscous couplings, hydrostatic couplings,
Assessment
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EE 570 Electrical Power Systems and Protection
Background and Rationale
To equip the trainee with skills and knowledge of protecting electrical power systems and
protection equipment
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
4.0 Fuses
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4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definitions
4.3 Fusing Element
4.4 Types of fuses
4.5 Low voltage fuses
4.6 High voltage fuses
4.7 Selection and application
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9.2 Principle of circulating current differential (Merz-Prize) protection
9.3 Balanced voltage differential protection
9.4 Difficulties in differential protection
9.5 Biased or percent differential relay
9.6 High impedance differential protection
9.7 Settings of differential relays
9.8 Differential protection of 3-phase circuits
9.9 Application of differential protection
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14.6 Differentialprotection
14.7 Arc flash protection
Assessment
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1. Mehta V.K and Rohit – Principles of Power Systems, S.Chand and Company ltd New
Delhi, India, 2004
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ELECTIVES
EM 531 Tribology
Background and Rationale
To provide students with a general and useful introduction to the main concepts and
principles of Tribology, with particular emphasis on lubricated systems
Learning outcomes
Objectives
1. Describing the main features of various regimes of lubrication, including the ability
to estimate lubricant film thickness, pressure, friction and temperature in
hydrodynamic, hydrostatic and elastohydrodynamic lubricated contacts in mixed
lubrication;
2. relatingtribological principles of contact mechanics and lubrication to the selection
and design of machine components including plain bearings, rolling element bearings
and spur gears;
3. Describing the main materials used in plain bearings, rolling element bearings and
gears and the reasons for the materials being used;
4. Identifying the main types of tribologically-induced surface damage (wear, scuffing,
pitting) from photographs;
Content
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Contact between solids, Model of contact between solids based on statistical parameters of
rough surfaces
2. Friction
3. Wear
Introducation, Mineral oils, Sources of mineral oils, Manufacture of mineral oils Types of
mineral oils, Chemical forms, Sulphur content, Viscosity Synthetic oils, Hydrocarbon
synthetic lubricants, Emulsions and aqueous lubricants, Manufacturing of emulsions,
Composition, Base oils, Thickener
5. Hydrodynamic Lubrication
6. Hydrostatic Lubrication
Introduction, Hydrostatic bearings analysis, Flat circular hydrostatic pad bearings, Pressure
distribution, Lubricant flow, Load capacity, Friction torque, Friction power loss, Non-flat
circular hydrostatic pad bearings, Pressure distribution, Lubrication flow, Load capacity,
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Friction torque, Friction power loss, Generalised approach to hydrostatic bearing analysis,
Flat circular pad bearings, Flat square pad bearings, Optimization of hydrostatic bearings
design, Minimization of power.
7. Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Introduction, Low temperature – low load lubrication mechanisms, Low temperature – high
load lubrication mechanisms, Model of absorption on sliding surfaces, High temperature –
medium load lubrication mechanisms chain matching, Thick films of soapy or amorphous
material.
Introduction to magnetic bearings, different equations used in magnetic bearings, Magneto-
gas dynamo bearings. Advanced bearings technology, Service application chart, Lubrication
of specific equipment in specific industries, Lubrication organization.
2. Bearing Selection
Introduction, Selection and Design of Rolling Bearings
Fatigue Life Calculations, Bearing Operating Temperature, Rolling Bearing Lubrication,
Bearing Precision, Selection of Oil Versus Grease, Grease Lubrication, Grease Life, Liquid
Lubrication Systems
Assessment
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EM 542 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Background and Rationale
The purpose of this course is to give the students a basic knowledge of the refrigeration and
air conditioning and thereby transferring the main principles and applications of the subject to
the students.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
1. To familiarize students with the theory of refrigeration and air conditioning and the
use of these principles in equipment or appliances used in society.
2. To understand the various concepts of enthalpy, entropy, latent heats of vaporization
and fussion and psychrometric processes as applied to components that improve or
facilitate the performance of such appliances in different applications.
Content
I. Introduction
2. Air Refrigeration Cycles
3. Air Refrigeration systems
4. Simple Vapour Compression Systems
5. Compound Vapour Compression Systems
6. Multi-evaporator and Compressor Systems
7. Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems
8. Refrigerants
9. Refrigerant Compressors
10. Condensers
11. Evaporators
12. Expansion Devices
13. Food Preservation
14. Low Temperature Refrigeration (Cryogenics)
15. Steam Jet Refrigeration System
16. Psychrometry
17. Comfort Conditions
18. Air Conditioning Systems
19. Cooling Load Estimation
20. Ducts
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Assessment
1. Khurmi R.S. and Gupta J.K. A Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,
Fourth Ed. Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd. 2008. ISBN 81-219-2781—1
1. Jones W.P. Air Conditioning Engineering. Third Ed. ELBS, 1989. ISBN 0-7131-
3664-2.
2. Modern Refrigeration
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EM 542 Maintenance Engineering and Environmental Practice
Background and Rationale
Learning outcomes
Objective
Content
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18. Network analysis technique for management of shutdowns
19. Spare-part management
20. Maintenance management information systems
Assessment
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EE 571 Renewable Energy Systems
Background and Rationale
Utilization of renewable energy systems are on a steady rise in the electrical power grid. This
course aims to introduce students to the different types of renewable energy resources. It
provides in-depth knowledge of power generation using solar, wind and biomass with
emphasis on the integration of such systems to the main utility grid.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
1. Power Electronics
i. Power Diodes
ii. PWM DC-to-DC converters
iii. PWM AC-to-DC converters (Rectifiers): single phase and three phase
iv. PWM DC-to-AC converters (inverters): single phase and three phase
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Challenges
3. Wind Power
i. Fundamentals of wind power
ii. Wind turbine: types, operation
iii. Wind power generators
iv. Wind power plants (Wind farms): Design, operation, control.
v. Connection of wind power to the main utility grid: Requirements,
Standards, Challenges
4. Biomass
i. Fundamentals of biomass heat & power
ii. Production of biomass: Safety requirements, standards
iii. Biomass Combined Heat & Power
iv. Biomass power generators
v. Connection of biomass power to the main utility grid: Requirements,
Standards, Challenges
Assessment
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4. Mohammed E. El-Hawary,’ Electrical Energy Systems,’ New York, CRC Press
LLC,2000
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EE 541 Electrical Drives
Background and Rationale
To give the student the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to understand the different
types of Electrical Drives
Learning outcomes
Objectives
Content
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Definition of Electric Drive System.
1.2 Classification of Electric Drives.
1.3 Control Schemes.
1.4 Four-Quadrant Operation.
1.5 Speed Control Methods.
1.6 Components of Electric Drives.
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3.8 Phase grouping.
3.9 Coil group connections
3.10Uniform winding.
3.11 Skewed slots.
3.12 Types of windings.
3.13 Nomenclature.
3.14 Single layer windings.
3 .15 Double layer windings.
3.16 Lap and wave windings.
3.17 Open type winding.
3.18 Closed type winding.
3.19 One-phase and two-phase windings.
3.20 Choice of winding.
3.21 M.M.F. of windings.
3.22 M.M.F. due to one phase winding.
3.23 M.M.F. due to three-phase winding.
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5.4 Pole changing method.
5.5 Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF - VSD).
5.6 Concatenation of IMs.
5.7 Inserting voltages in rotor circuit.
5.8 Cramer System
5.9 Rossman Drive System.
5.10 Eddy current coupling System.
5.11 Modern AC Drives.
5.12 Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF - VSD).
5.13 DC Link Inverters.
5.14 Pulse-width modulated wave output (PWM).
5.15 Basic PWM
5.16 Sine-weighted PWM
5.17 Current Source Inverter.
5.18 Cyclo-conveter.
5.19 Standard SCIM Design and Performance.
5.20 Torque performance on variable frequency supplies.
5.21 Harmonic torques.
5.22 Stability on inverter supplies.
5.23 Operation at low frequency.
5.24 Operation at higher frequency.
5.25 Losses and thermal considerations.
5.26 Noise.
5.27 Application criteria.
5.28 Slip energy recovery.
5.29 Static Kramer Drive.
5.30 Static Scherbius Drive.
5.31 Synchronous motors.
5.32 Comparison of Drives.
5.33 Advantages and Disadvantages of modern Drives.
Assessment
1. AC Machines - MG Say.
2. Electrical Machines and Drive Systems – CB Gray.
3. Electrical Machines and their Applications.
4. Higher Electrical Engineering – J Shepherd, A Morton, L Spence
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EE 521 Electrical Power Systems Analysis
Background and Rationale
To equip clients with tools for real power systems analysis and diagnosis.
Learning outcomes
Objectives
1. To provide clients with load flow pathological analysis of the power system.
2. To equip clients with tools to evaluate different types of faults.
3. To provide clients with tools for analysing transient stability of the power system
4. To introduce clients to high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
5. To introduce clients to over-voltages and insulation co-ordination.
Content
1. Symmetrical Components
a. Unbalanced Three-phase Systems:
b. Calculation of Power using Sequence Variables:
c. Symmetrical Component Models
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b. Control of HVDC Converters
c. Frequency and Voltage Control
d. Active Power and Frequency Control
e. Reactive Power and Voltage Control
6. Transient Stability
a. Power Transfer over a Short Purely Reactive Line
b. Generator Stability (Rotor Angle Stability)
c. Swing Equation
d. Equal Area Criterion
Assessment
1. T. Overbye, D. Glover and M. Sarma,’ Power Systems-Analysis & Design’, 4th Ed.,
Library of Congress Control, USA, 2008.
2. Debapriya Das, ‘Electrical Power Systems’, New Age International Limited
Publishers, New Delhi India, 2006.
3. Mohamed E. El-Hawary, ‘Introduction to Electrical Power Systems’, IEEE Press,
Piscataway, 2008.
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SECTION 6
• Central government
• Local government
• Parastatal organisations
• Education
• Defence
Mining
Electricity generation and distribution
Manufacturing
Service industry
Job categories in the above-mentioned sectors will include, among others, the
following:
Sectional Engineer
Maintenance Engineer
Plant Engineer
Design Engineer
Planning Engineer
Services/Contracts Engineer
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