Part-A of three years and fine to the husband and

his relatives.
1.According to Mr. M.N. Srinivas write
the definition of secularization- 5.Name the main clothes worn by Bhil
men. Answer – Clothing worn by Bhil men
Ans- According to Mr. M. N. Nivasan, “The –
term secularization refers to the fact that
what was earlier considered religious is no (1) Penta tied on the head Sal / Yellow /
longer considered so. , is reflected in the Saffron cleaned up
greater separation of the political, legal and
moral from one another. (2) The loincloth worn around the waist by
the Khoytu Bhils
2. State the main reasons for child
(3) Thepada, a tight dhoti worn from the
marriage in India.
waist to the knees
Answer- 40% of the total child marriages in
the world are in India, poverty, low level of (4) White turban worn on the head of the
education in girls, patriarchal society, social granddaughter
practices and traditions considering girls as a 6. Define class according to Max Weber-
burden, dowry system and feeling of social
insecurity, public consciousness lack of etc. Answer- According to Max Weber "a group
leading to child marriage can be called a class as long as the people of
that group get equal opportunities of life, the
3. What is meant by Sanskritization? rights of that group on things or economic
Answer- It is the process of mobility in interests commensurate with market
which the lower castes try to achieve higher conditions. Max Waver gives importance to
status by imitating the customs, rituals, the economic basis of the class as a whole.
beliefs, lifestyle and cultural traits and 7. Mention the limitations of
systems of the higher castes, especially Sanskritization.
Brahmins. This process is called
Sanskritization. Answer- Sanskritization is a narrow concept.
Sanskritization brings changes within the
4. What is the 'Dowry System' caste, not the caste changes. All lower
Prevention Act? castes, not upper caste culture Adopts. It is
To prevent dowry practice in North India, only a process of imitation.
'Dowry Practice Prevention Act 1961* was 8. State the main types of narcotic drugs
brought, under which taking and giving
dowry is a crime. Under Section 498-A of 1.wine
the Indian Penal Code for harassment for 2. Sedatives
dowry, there is a provision of imprisonment 3. Stimulants
4. Narcotic drugs
5. Hallucinogens
SOCIOLOGY by RAM PRAKASH AMRAWAT(https://t.me/ras_English_medium) Page 1
6. Nicotine 13. What is meant by regionalism?
These drugs are such that they are capable of
changing the behavior, feelings and thoughts What is meant by regionalism? Answer-
of those who consume them. People living in a particular area experience
a special attachment to each other due to
9. How does 'equal status' determine the unity in culture, religion, language,
class. Answer- There are many factors that geographical proximity and social and
determine the status. property like When a economic conditions. In this way, the feeling
person is of the same status, on the basis of of special affinity towards a particular
politics and on the basis of prestige in the region is called regionalism.
society, then they are onsidered as members
of a class, for example, if property is given 14. What is the general meaning of
more importance in a society, then those secularization?
with more property status People will be Answer- The social process by which
considered as members of a class. rationality is gradually included in religious
or traditional practices, that is, the purpose
10. What is Chira Bavasi?
of life's practices is practical rather than
Answer- The Bhil tribes in Rajasthan religious, that is secularization.
worship stone or wooden idols of their dead
ancestors, which is called Chira Bavasi. 15. Who is considered the father of
sociology?
11. What is meant by paid membership?
Answer- In 1838 French philosopher
Answer membership means that the caste in Auguste Comte started sociology as a
which one is born remains a member of that subject. Auguste Comte is called the father
caste for the rest of his life. This given of sociology. First he named it social
membership is given by the education, physics and later it was changed to
intelligence, work efficiency of the person. sociology.
Can't be changed by honesty etc. The caste
system is based on assigned membership. 16.From when and where is the beginning
of Sociology considered in India?
12. Explain the meaning of aboriginal
Answer- The real beginning of sociology in
tribes. what is meant by tribal tribes
India is considered to be from Bombay
Answer- Such human communities, which University in 1914. The Department of
have maintained their separate lifestyle, Sociology was established here in 1919 and
language, culture and professions according Professor Radhakamal Mukherjee and Dr.G.
to their natural environment away from the s. Ghurye is considered to have made an
development of human civilization, are important contribution to the development
called tribal tribal groups. These of sociology in India.
communities are still backward in
educational, economic, social terms. Huh.

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17.. Explain the type of marriage in each family of Garasia community is a
Garasia tribe. member of the Society.

Answer- Mainly three types of marriages are 22.'Kinship Organization of India'

prevalent in Garasia tribe-
Answer- A book written by Iravati Karve,
i. Morvandhiya Marriage the first woman scholar of sociology in
ii. ii.Guard marriage India, which describes India's kinship
iii. Stretch marriage system.

18. Which society was studied by Srinivas 23. What are the views of Auguste Comte
before giving Sanskritization? on Sociology?

Answer – Srinivas propounded the theory of Answer – In the sociological principles of

sanskritisation in 1952 by analyzing the August Comte, various social, economic,
social and economic life of the Durg people political phenomena were analyzed
of South India. scientifically, and emphasized the need for
social development to pass through three
19.Write any four features of secularism stages of thought. In the first phase,
Answer – (1) Separation of religion from religious, in the second phase, spiritual and
politics in the third phase, our way of thinking and
understanding becomes scientific because in
(2) Religious freedom this phase unbiased, objective and scientific
analysis takes place.
(3) Sustainer of universal goodwill
24. State the importance of social
(4) Supporter of democracy
stratification?
20. How is the caste system different from
Answer- Importance of social stratification -
the class system?
1. Status and role of an individual from
Ans- Caste is a closed type of system in
social abstraction
which a person cannot get membership from
one caste to another caste. Whereas class The determination is already made.
system is an open system in which a person
belonging to one class can get membership 2. It is helpful in meeting social needs. 3.
of another class. Membership in caste is Create social system and organization
based on birth. While membership in class is through this
based on karma and merit. It helps to keep
21. Helleroo 4. It determines human attitudes.
Answer – This is a cooperative organization
25. State the basic concept of Sociology-
of Garasia tribe. One man or woman from

SOCIOLOGY by RAM PRAKASH AMRAWAT(https://t.me/ras_English_medium) Page 3

Answer- The basic concept of sociology is Answer- (1) Child Labor Prohibition and
society and the scientific study of society Protection Act 1986
itself is called sociology. In general sense,
society is considered to be a collection of (2) Child Marriage Prohibition Act 2006
individuals, but in sociology, society is not (3) Right to Free and Compulsory Education
just a collection of individuals, it is such a Act 2009
collection of individuals who have social
relations, that is, the network of social (4) Immoral Trade Prevention Act 1956
relations is society.
(5) Protection of Children from Sexual
26. Bhagoria Marriage- Offenses Act 2012 (Poxo Act)

Answer – It is a type of marriage in tribes. 30. What are the major social problems in
When the family or the society does not India?
allow both of them to get married when
Answer- Child marriage, dowry system,
there is a love relationship between the
domestic violence, unemployment in India
young man and the girl before marriage,
Prostitution, beggary, mental insanity,
then they run away with each other to
suicide, communalism, illiteracy, moral
another place.
degradation etc. are the main social
27. Name the committees related to problems. At present, there has been a huge
poverty measurement in India - increase in rape and cyber crimes.

Answer – (1) Dandekar and Rath Committee Part B

(2) Lakdawala Committee 1. How can parents play a role in

preventing drug abuse in children?
(3) Suresh Tendulkar Committee
Ans- Parents need to play an important role
(4) C. Rangarajan Committee in controlling drug abuse among children-
28. What is POCSO Act? (1) Talk openly with children.
Answer- The POCSO Act means the (2) listen to their problems seriously and
Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses teach them how to solve problems.
Act 2012. Which was created to prevent
heinous crimes like child rape, sexual (3) Interest in each and every activity of
assault, sexual abuse and pornography. children and their friend group
Under this law, there is a provision of
(4) Do not use drugs in front of children and
separate punishment for separate crimes
set an example for them.
with children.
(5) Make them aware of the harms and side
29. State the laws related to the protection
effects of drugs.
of child rights in India

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2. State the main elements of Efforts made by the government to prevent
secularization.
(1) Prevention of Corruption Act 1988
Answer- Some of the main elements of (Amended form of Prevention of Corruption
Sautization are as follows- Act 1947)

Decline of religiosity One of the major (2) Prevention of Money Laundering Act
elements of secularization is the decline of 2002 (effective from 1 July 2005) (3)
religiosity along with its wisdom. As Central Vigilance Commission 1964 (K.
secularization increased in the life of Santhanam Committee
common people Yes, righteousness declines
on recommendation)
Rationality includes logic in all beliefs,
ideas or things. It is logical to change (4) Jan Lokpal Bill (2011) (Anna Hazare's
thoughts on the basis of modern knowledge anti-corruption movement)
on the basis of logic and discretion on every (5) Establishment of Lokayukta / Lokpal
problem that comes in life. institutions
The Process of Differentiation The 4. How does communalism affect
meaning of the process of differentiation in democracy?
secularization is that differentiation
increases in the society. Various aspects of Answer – (1) Formation of political parties
the society, economic, political, religious, on the basis of communalism It was done
moral, legal etc. get separated from each like Hindu Mahasabha, Muslim League,
other. In all these areas, the importance or Akali Dal who give priority to communal
influence of religion decreases. interest instead of national interest.

3. By explaining the meaning of (2) In elections, all the parties declare their
corruption throw light on the efforts of candidates on the basis of communal
the government adopted to stop it equation of that area instead of on the basis
of merit.
Answer- The general meaning of corruption
is taken as "corruption work". (3) Communalism Social inequality and
disintegration Promotes, resulting in
goes. 'Public for Private Profit' by the World communal riots.
Bank
(4) Communal violence gives rise to caste
Corruption is defined by using discrimination Due to which degenerate
Corruption in the society takes many forms politics emerges.
such as bribery, 5. Defining poverty, state the main
Spread in the form of abuse, nepotism etc. reasons for the determination prevailing
corruption in the society

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Answer- Poverty is a social condition, that Society / Culture
is, such a section of the society which is
unable to obtain even the minimum The society is divided into two parts. Bhil
consumption requirements for its life and Garasia and Gameti Garasia.
health. Holi and Gangaur are the main festivals.
because of the poverty of the society Gaur dance on Gangaur, Valar dance is
Population pressure famous. Garasia people worship Shiva,
Bhairav, Durga and There are superstitious
Illiteracy prevailing in the society people.

continuous unemployment low per capita 7. What remedial measures should be

income taken to reduce unemployment?

income inequality Answer- Unemployment is a social critical

problem, the best solution to overcome it is
slow growth rate the economic development of the country.
6.Describe the habitat, economy and But this solution cannot work forever. For
society of the Garasiya tribe in Rajasthan this some remedial measures should be
- taken like-

Answer – Garasia is the third largest tribe of (1) Opportunities should be created for self-
Rajasthan after Meena and Bhil tribes. The employment.
Garasia tribe resides in the hilly areas of (2) More emphasis should be given on
Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara, Sirohi and vocational education and technical
Pali districts of southern Rajasthan. education.
. (3) Employment sectors based on new
The smallest unit of dwelling houses and technologies in rural areas
villages is called 'Falia'. The head of the be developed.
Panchayat of Garasis is called Sahlot or
Palvi. Their huts are at the foot of the (4) The productivity and income levels of
mountains, chambers are made for the the working poor should be increased.
storage of grains, which are called "Sohri".
The verandah outside the room is called (5) The education system should be made
'Osra'. employment oriented.

Economy In Garasia tribe patriarchal 8. Unemployment results in individual

family, the responsibility of maintenance disintegration, family disintegration and
rests with the headman who works in social disintegration. How relevant is
agriculture. Women also help men in this?
agricultural work.

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Answer- Unemployment, the person, his migrants played an important role in cross-
family and society all three border exchange of cultures.

Affects. In personal disorganization 10. Write the characteristics of social

unemployed persons channelize their classes.
creative energies in wrong channels and
indulge in anti-social activities which Answer- Persons having similar social status
provide them opportunities of livelihood. come in a class. It is formed on the basis of
Due to competition in government jobs, a gender, age, education, occupation etc.
person gets frustrated and disappointed Characteristics of class- (i) Social classes are
when he fails. divided into categories such as higher class,
In family disintegration, tension and middle class, lower class.
estrangement arises between the (Ii) In social classes, their social relations
unemployed person and his family members. are limited to their own class.
If the wife of an unemployed husband wants
to do a job, then due to the orthodox values (ii)
of the husband or the objection of the
The feeling of superiority or inferiority also
unemployed man to the authority of his wife
exists in social classes.
in employment, it is the reason for
disintegration of the family. (p) The nature of classes is free or open as a
person can be a member of a particular class
In social disintegration, the unemployed
by attaining high qualification or special
person remains cut off from the society and
ability.
stops participating in social festivals.
(v) Each social class is divided into a
9. What do you understand by cultural
number of sub-classes (vi) Membership of
globalization?
the class can be acquired outright.
Ans- McLachlan popularized the term
Because a person can join the upper class
'Global Village' in the early 1960s. In 1991,
with ability and skill.
the concept of LPG came to India, under
which economic, political and cultural 11. State the various awareness efforts
relations were established with the whole made to increase the child sex ratio rate
world in globalization. Globalization has in India. Steps taken to increase child sex
resulted in rapid exchange of different ratio in India
cultures and lifestyles, ideas, attitudes and
values. Answer-

Globalization led to exchange of products State the various awareness efforts (i)
and techniques as well as culture from one Monitoring of pre-conception and pre-natal
country to another. Western culture also screening techniques
entered the Indian society and Indian

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Implementation of such as- PCPNDT Act whole problem of untouchability has arisen
(ii) Anganwadi Centers by the Ministry of in the society from the caste system itself.
Women and Child Development Which is against human dignity. Due to the
limitation of educational and vocational
Promotion of registration of pregnancy on options, it hinders personal development.
(iii) Public registration of girls to reduce the It becomes a hindrance. This leads to
drop out rate. exploitation of the lower castes. Lower
(iv) Making standards in schools in line with castes suffering from social deprivation and
girls xploitation converts to religion, which
sometimes leads to religious tension and
(v) National Girl Child Day is celebrated Communal problems also arise.
every year on 24 January
14. "Poverty arises due to illiteracy and
(vi) Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao Campaign again becomes the cause of illiteracy."
Explain.
12. Differentiate between caste and class?
Answer- Poverty is such a situation in which
Caste is a closed class. Whereas openness
a person is not able to meet the basic needs
is found in the
of himself and his family. The biggest
class.
reason of poverty is illiteracy. An
Caste is based on birth. class base wealth uneducated person has limited employment
education business options. Also, a poor person is unable to
spend enough on his and his children's
There is a restriction. There is no education. Thus a vicious cycle of illiteracy
restriction. on food in caste no and poverty continues. Poverty affects a
food in class person's lifestyle as well as his mentality,
due to which the habit of living in poverty
develops. This is called culture of poverty.
Caste Membership Class Membership
An uneducated person remains dependent on
Awarded Earned
others for livelihood. Due to negligence
The caste is endogamous. Not there. towards his health, he suffers from many
types of diseases. Thus illiteracy encourages
poverty. High expenditure on health
13. What are the problems arising out of problems brings many families below the
the caste system? poverty line.

Ans- Caste system gives rise to social In conclusion, it can be said that poverty is
division. Which becomes a hindrance in the cause of illiteracy and The result is both.
national unity. Caste system causes many 15. Despite all the laws made for the
types of discrimination and tensions. The protection and welfare of women and

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children, what are the reasons for the approach would you take as an
increasing Elucidate. crimes against administrative officer towards this Act?
them?
Ans- The Protection of Domestic Violence
Answer- Protection and welfare of women Act, 2005 helps women to lead a life of
and children is necessary for the overall dignity and respect at home. This act is not
balanced development of the country. against the Indian society and culture but is
Although the rights of women and children related to its protection. The Domestic
have been protected by public policy and Violence Protection Act 2005 is playing a
laws in India, but in spite of all these laws very important role in protecting women
and rules, women and children are exploited. from family violence.
Crimes against them are increasing day by
day. The main reasons for crimes against Domestic violence is classified into four
women and children are as follows- categories –

Malevolent Social Structure: Being a (i) physical violence (ii) sexual violence
patriarchal society, there is dominance of (iii) Verbal violence (iv) Economic violence
men over women in every sphere of life.
Malevolent mentality promotes crimes This law is like a milestone for women
against women and children. empowerment.

Vulnerability:- Women and children are As an administrative officer, it will be my

vulnerable to crime. Children in particular legal and moral duty to ensure the effective
become easy prey. implementation of this Act. I will try to
implement this law with full honesty,
Inadequacy of effective laws and existing integrity and responsibility, as well as I will
laws try in every possible way to bring awareness
Lack of effective implementation etc. is about this law among women.
responsible for crimes against women and 17. What do you understand by
children. Lack of awareness - about the politicization of caste and ethnicization of
protection of women and children politics?
Knowledge of rules and regulations till some Answer- When a caste gets influenced by a
educated women is limited. Due to the particular political party and becomes its
apathy of police and judiciary etc. Most of follower for years and does bulk voting, then
the women are in a weak position and they it is called politicization of caste.
are unable to raise their voice against the
atrocities committed against them. When a political party announces its
programs and concessions keeping a
16. Do you consider the Protection from particular caste in mind and works for their
Domestic Violence Act, 2005 against interests only, then it is called casteization of
Indian society and culture? What politics. For example, the upper castes are

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considered the traditional vote bank of the (1) Nature of business Nature of business
BJP and the deprived minorities of the Class determination is the basis of. For
Congress. example, society looks at professors,
politicians etc. from the point of view of
18. Write the main causes of prestige.
communalism.
(2) Education Education and technical
Answer- Communalism is the idea of knowledge are important bases for
considering one's own religion as higher and determining the class, that is, the social
not having a sense of respect for the religion status of an educated person is higher than
of others. That is, having a feeling of that of an uneducated person.
neglect, indifference, hatred and aggression
towards other sects other than one's religious (3) In the basis of property, wealth and class
sect is communalism- determination

Main reasons for communalism • Religious Property, wealth and income are important
fanaticism. because people who have more sources of
income belong to higher status and are
economic and educational backwardness of considered to be of higher class in the
a particular class society.
• The feeling of separation which has been Conclusion So we can say that caste and
seen since independence class system have different characteristics at
Has been (Emotional separation of the lower different levels and The basis of class
class from the upper class) Indifference of determination in Indian society is wealth,
the government. • Due to regionalism or education, occupation etc.
religion based politics
20. State the government scheme for
Communalism gets encouraged. Divyangjan -

19. Explain the basis of class Answer- Apart from giving 3% reservation
determination in India? in government services for the disabled, the
government has also run some schemes
Answer – Caste is the form of existence under the Divyang Yojana Rajasthan. As-
according to birth, such as Brahmin,
Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra class refers (1) Chief Minister's Special Yogjan Samman
to such a group of persons whose The social Pension Scheme
status is usually of the same level. (2) Specially abled matching scheme
Class determination in India- There are (3) Chief Minister's Special Yogjan Self
some bases of class determination in India Employment Scheme
like- wealth property,
(4) Faith Card Scheme
Business and education etc.
SOCIOLOGY by RAM PRAKASH AMRAWAT(https://t.me/ras_English_medium) Page 10
(5) Grant Scheme for Artificial Limbs /
Equipment

(6) Divyang Yojana Rajasthan Palanhar

Yojana

(7) Specially abled foster parent scheme

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