Cast in Place

Don Honorio Ventura State University
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga
Cast-in-Place
Concrete &
Pre-cast Concrete
Building Technology 5
Module 01
Arch. Adrian David

Instructor
Overview
I. Cast-in-Place Concrete
II. Pre-Cast Concrete
III. Floor Systems & Roof Slab Systems
A. Flat Plate
B. Flat Slab
C. Ribbed Floor Slab
D. Waffle Slab
E. Lift Slab
F. Span Stress Floor System
G. Slip Form System
A concrete slab may be placed at or near grade level to serve
as a combined floor and foundation system. The sustainability
of a concrete slab for such use depends on the geographic
location, topography, and soil characteristics of the site, and
the design of the superstructure.
SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

Concrete slabs on grade
(S.O.G.) require the support of a
level, stable, uniformly dense or
properly compacted soil base
containing no organic matter.
When placed over soil of low
bearing capacity or over highly
compressible or expansive soils,
a concrete ground slab must be
designed as a mat or raft
foundation, which requires
professional analysis and design
by a qualified structural
CONCRETE S.O.G. SPOT DETAIL
Three types of joints may be created or
constructed in order to accommodate movement
in the plane of a concrete slab on grade:
1. Isolation Joints
2. Construction Joints
3. Control Joints
ISOLATION JOINTS
Isolation joints, often called expansion joints, allow movement to
occur between a concrete slab and adjoining columns and walls
of a building.

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Construction joints provide a place for construction to stop and
the continue at a later time. These joints, which also serve as
isolation or control joints, can be keyed or doweled to prevent
vertical differential movement of adjoining slab sections.

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

EDITION by D.K. CHING
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

CONTROL JOINTS
Control joints create lines of weakness so that the cracking that
may result from tensile stresses occurs along predetermined
lines.
SCREEN CAPTURED FROM

“BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH EDITION by D.K. CHING
OTHER CONCRETE SLAB-ON-GRADE
DETAILS

DETAILS

DETAILS

Pre-cast concrete slabs, beams, and structural tees are
one-way spanning units that may be supported by site-cast
concrete, pre-cast concrete, or masonry bearing walls, or by
steel, site-cast concrete, or pre-cast concrete frames. The
pre-cast units are manufactured with normal-density or
structural lightweight concrete and prestressed for greater
structural efficiency, which results in less depth, reduced
weight, and longer spans.
The units are cast and steam-cured in a plant, off-site,
transported to the construction site, and set in place as rigid
components with cranes. The size and proportion of the units
may be limited by the means of transportation.
Fabrication in a factory environment enables the units to have
consistent quality in strength, durability, and finish, and
eliminated the need for on-site formwork. The modular nature
of the standard-sized units, however, may not be suitable for
irregular building shapes.
III.AAFlat Plate
flat plate is a concrete slab of uniform thickness, reinforced
in two or more directions and supported directly by columns
without beams or girders. Simplicity of forming, lower
floor-to-floor heights, and some flexibility in column placement
make flat plates practical for apartment and hotel construction.
Slab Soffit
Underside of the
slab
III.A Flat Plate
Advantages:
1. Simple formworks.
2. Suitable for direct fix or sprayed ceiling finish.
3. No beams required, simplifying under-floor services.
Disadvantages:
1. Medium spans only.
2. Limited lateral load capacity
3. May need shear heads/ shear reinforcement/ larger
columns.
4. Not suitable for supporting masonry partitions.
5. Not suitable for heavy loads.
III.B Flat Slab
A flat slab is a flat plate that is thickened at its column supports
to increase its shear strength and moment-resisting capacity.
Capital or
Drop
panel
III.B Flat Slab
Advantages:
1. Simple formwork
2. No beams
3. Minimum structural depth.
Disadvantages:
1. Medium spans only.
2. Not suitable for supporting masonry partitions.
3. Area around columns must be avoided for vertical
penetrations.
4. Drop panels or Capitals may interfere with larger mech’l
ducting.
III.C Ribbed Floor Slab
A joist or ribbed slab is cast integrally with a series of closely
spaced joists, which in turn, are supported by a parallel set of
beams. Designed as a series of T-beams, joist slabs are more
suitable for longer spans and heavier loads than one-way
slabs.
Joists or
Ribs
III.C Ribbed Floor Slab
Advantages:
1. Medium to long spans.
2. Lightweight.
3. Holes in topping easily accommodated.
4. Large Holes can be accommodated.
5. Profile may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat
transfer in passive cooling.
Disadvantages:
1. Higher formwork costs.
2. Greater floor thickness.
3. Takes more time to construct.
III.D Waffle Slab
A waffle slab is a two-way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in
two directions. Waffle slabs are able to carry heavier loads and
span longer distances than flat slabs.
Coffered
soffit
III.D Waffle Slab
Advantages:
1. Savings on weight and materials.
2. Longer spans.
3. Aesthetic if applied architecturally.
4. Economical if re-usable forms are used.
5. Vertical penetrations between ribs are more manageable.
Disadvantages:
1. Requires special proprietary formwork.
2. Greater floor-to-floor height requirements.
3. More difficult to apply services on ceiling plenum.
III.E Lift Slab
Lift-slab construction is a technique of constructing multistorey
buildings in which all horizontal slabs are cast at ground level
and, when cured, are raised into position by hydraulic jacks.
III.E Lift Slab
III.E Lift Slab
III.E Lift Slab
Advantages:
1. Easier maintenance and lesser manpower.
2. Cheaper against the other types of slabs.
3. Widely common with modular structures.
Disadvantages:
1. Earthquake-prone.
2. Slabs are fastened by bolts only.
3. Limited load capacity.
III.F Span Stress Floor System
Span stress is a construction method which utilizes
span-stress pre-stressed t-joists that can be used with filler
blocks or collapsible steel forms, or plywood forms.
III.F Span Stress Floor System
III.G Slip Form Method
Slip forming, continuous poured, continuously formed, or
slipform construction is a construction method in which
concrete is poured into a continuously moving form.
Slip forming is used for tall
structures (such as bridges,
towers, buildings, and dams),as
well as horizontal structures, such
as roadways.
Slip forming enables continuous,

non-interrupted, cast-in-place
"flawless" (i.e. no joints) concrete
structures which have superior
performance characteristics to
piecewise construction using

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Don Honorio Ventura State University

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

Arch. Adrian David

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

SCREEN CAPTURED FROM “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED” 5TH

Slip forming enables continuous,

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