A.

Velichko, Student
V. Posudevskiy, Teacher, research advisor
T. Zhibritska., Teacher, language advisor
Berdychiv College of Industry, Economics and Law

STATE AND ITS FUNCTIONS

The purpose of my research is to identify the main functions of the state, to reveal
their essence, the meaning of what the state and its citizens need. Also give a definition of
the state, browse the literature and other interesting sources.
The state [5] is an organized social structure capable of exercising the highest control
over certain aspects of the behavior of all people in a given area. Today there are different
interpretations of the term "state" by legal scholars and lawyers:
- is a political organization of society that has the power to manage the territorially
organized population in order to carry out general social affairs;
- it is a subject of public international law;
- is a set of official authorities (state apparatus) operating throughout the country;
- is a special political-territorial organization of society, which has sovereignty, a
special apparatus of government and coercion and is able to give its orders binding force
for the entire population, which is created to lead society and perform public affairs.
Each state is characterized by certain features that allow a better understanding of
this complex phenomenon:
1. The presence of state sovereignty [1, art. 1-2], completeness, unity and
indivisibility of power within the country and its equality and independence in international
relations. State sovereignty arises from the moment of realization of national sovereignty
- the right of a nation to determine its future destiny independently, including the right to
self-determination and the creation of a sovereign state.
2. Territorial feature, which is characterized by the presence of a certain territory
limited by the state border, to which the population (people) is fixed by means of legal
institutions of citizenship (in republics) or citizenship (in monarchies).
3. Citizenship is a permanent legal relationship between the state and the citizen,
which is expressed in their mutual rights and responsibilities.
4. The presence of public authority, which extends to all persons in the state.
5. The existence of a system of law - established or authorized by the state to regulate
the most important social relations and the implementation of which is ensured by state
coercion.
6. The presence of a tax system, a set of taxes and fees (mandatory payments) that
come to budgets and state trust funds, which are collected from the population.
7. The presence of state symbols [2] (State Flag, Emblem, Anthem), monetary
system, etc.
Summarizing the above-defined features, we can describe the state as a sovereign,
political-territorial integrity, which has the highest concentration of power in social society
and is able to solve common problems.
There are the following functions of the state:
 1. The main functions of the state, which are realized throughout its existence,
without which the development and existence of the state is impossible:
- economic;
- political;
- law enforcement;
- humanitarian;
- informational;
- public health;
- defense, etc.
2. Additional functions are areas of state activity that are components of the main
functions and through which they are implemented.
Thus, additional functions are:
- development of medical science;
- creation of preventive and curative medical institutions;
- training of medical personnel of different qualifications;
- providing the needs of medicine with material means, etc.
The main functions of the state can be classified into different groups:
A. Internal functions, the implementation of which is carried out within the
country and which ensure the domestic policy of the state:
- economical;
- political;
- social;
- ecological;
- humanitarian;
- law enforcement, etc.
B. External functions, the implementation of which is carried out in the
international arena, which ensure the foreign policy of the state:
- diplomatic, related to the establishment and maintenance of relations with foreign
countries;
- international cooperation in various fields;
- environmental;
- maintenance of international law and order;
- protection of the state from external encroachments, etc.
2. In the sphere of public life:
A. Economic functions [3]:
- protection of various forms of ownership;
- development of production;
- creating conditions to ensure the rights of citizens in entrepreneurial activity;
- disposal of state property, etc.;
B. Political functions:
- development of domestic policy;
- creating conditions for the development of democracy;
- ensuring the rights of citizens to free political activity;
- protection and defense of the constitutional order, etc.;
 C. Humanitarian functions:
- development of science and culture;
- providing education and upbringing of the population;
- development of national self-consciousness of the people;
- protection of cultural heritage, etc.;
D. Social functions [4]:
- ensuring social protection of citizens;
- creation of a system of national and non-state social insurance;
- creation of a network of special institutions for the care of the disabled;
A. Permanent, which are implemented by the state at all stages of existence (main
functions).
B. Temporary, which are implemented under certain conditions. Thus, in the event
of a natural disaster or man-made catastrophe, the state takes measures to eliminate the
negative consequences that have arisen, helps the victims.
The state uses various forms to implement its functions:
1. Law-making - creates the necessary laws and regulations governing public
relations in various fields.
2. Organizational (executive) - ensures compliance with the requirements of
regulations.
3. Law enforcement - with the help of special law enforcement agencies ensures law
and order in the national economy and other relations.
4. Control and supervision, through which supervision is carried out over the exact
and uniform implementation of laws by all entities.
In conclusion, I can say that the state has a lot of functions and very country in the
world tries to provide the best life for its citizens. Today there is no single definition of the
functions of the state. The functions of the state dependents on historical, political, social
and other factors. As for me, I think the primary function is the maintenance of order in
society. It is the responsibility of the state to provide such social amenities like schools,
hospitals, roads, portable water, electricity, recreational facilities, housing and provide the
employment for its citizens. Another important function of the state is to guarantee the
rights of its citizens are protected especially the fundamental rights such as the right to life.
This creates the environment for the citizens to enjoy everything the state has to offer. This
also helps to make sure that citizens feel safe and secure in their homes, thereby, fostering
trust and societal stability. It is also the function of a state to protect the rights of its citizens.
The rights of the citizen include the right to life, freedom of association, free movement,
to own property etc.
REFERENCES
1. Constitution of Ukraine, of June 28, 1996.
2. Law of Ukraine "On State Symbols of Ukraine, the Procedure for Their Use
and Protection".
3. Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Economic Competition".
4. Law of Ukraine "On Public Control".
5. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (Definition of the state).