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W=5000
4) DU = 0

) by = W= 5000 lnl
)
yay
①
y
PolytoopicProa
"

pv = const a -1-1

:-= TF

17 W=
nRa =/PaP=+
DU =

§ NRDT =

Iz KP ,=Y= -
Piri)

Dg = Do -1W

=
In
RBT +
nR÷I

D9=nrdT(E+
 By = f- Crit - Divi ) + PF i

=
PF -
Piri )
( § +
f-
a)
-

tf 8gm of He
gas
is Heated to

into use the 10°C

temp by , through
process Rv = const

① w ② du ③ by

5- Rv = lout

pick =p = cont
 Pv
"
= const = Pva

a
✗
§ ti w=
nR,a =P ri

2×2,1×10
I

-
=
100£ sale
1-
tz
di ) Dv=
§nRDT= 32×2,1×2×10
= 2505

Lili ) D§= but W

210
-110¥ 17¥
•

=
=
D- Oz is expanded through Pooled
gas
TV = tent sum that Volume changes
.

'
YV 8ms
from ✓= 2m to =

2×105 Mmu
Initial Pressure
of gas is

① w @ du ③ AS

I Tv= lomt

be
( Ink
e-
)r=
'
lorxnpr loot
Pv = =

•
Pvt =P ✓ = toe

① PivE= PfVf2

Chaos )(2J= PF ( 85
 P←

,¥q
= 2×105 ✗

Pr-=1o1 ✗
W=
nYa =

k=Kaivi
12×105×2
10¥18
= -

= 3×1055
Iii ) DO =

¥/ Perf -
Piri
)
lot)
=E( →✗

DU=-75✗1o' Ttt

iii ) Dg = but W

=
-
7- 5×105-17×105

'☐g=-yi5Xl0
f.
trying teller
or
§ Hmar solid
/
Specific Hut capacity ↳ liquid

depends

D¥ proud
→ on
C =

↳
, →
not toast
always
moles Hut lepaiibf
Imre
=

veb
 TO discuss moles Heat bpaiity for
µ
-
some
prom
=

① Isomeric ( it .

fin)
°

D8 = out w/

#-)
¥nRoT
☐ ✓
Ab
=
=

( = -
-

↳ = #

(
¥± ⑧ 4
moles
Heetbpaeity for Isomeric

-1 Profess
① Monoatomic (✓
ER
=

② ( v=
Diatomic
SIR
① Polyatomic ( Nonlinear ) Cv =

ER
=
3N
@ Isobaric ( f- :)
low

Dg= but W

PDV
=

§ NRDT +

¥ NRDT 1- NRDT

DOG =

# 1) +
NRDT

Fn+=(±+yr
/G=(§+i#B⑥
" (Miller Hut heparin
for Ilobooic

by -_ but W

① ( p=
monoatomic
ER
② Diatomic (✓ =
ER
① Polyatomic routines = yr
AY
Mcyeobrebnoncp.lv = +

1) R -

ER
Cp-( pay
by Rorioofmobospeeifiteet (9) Kamm)
* ¥,
=É¥¥ =±¥
-1¥
I I
-11g
=
=

Y=i Bf
?⃝
Table (p
examples. f Cr Y=¥=H¥

Mono
Heine
As
3
ZR ER Y=§=io+

Overhill T ER ER Y=¥=ty .

Diatomic
poeyoomE.si
Mt > ""° 6 IR YR
y=Y=m ,

polyatomic
non
liner
-
Sb
tainutoeofga
4)
nHnt¥
= "
min

( P ) mix
M↳¥Y↳÷
=

am
=÷÷÷:
¥mi
niM-n.IE?tmmo
Mmin =

My"min*

tmn=m"¥:
Emin :
⑤ Tie ✗ ⑤iris
① Imma ② (C) min
①④
min )

① (G) mix
&
2✗%R,-1✗E
=

111g
2

② (G)
2✗ER,t1×¥N-
=
min

1¥
=

(G) min
-
(C) __R←
min

③ 4min lrmin
lvmir
=¥ ,
 AJ Cp- Cr -

- R

=/
÷
cp ""
y w
-
w =P

a=
•

T.IT#jf:;f7ci;: 7i=-orbU--ncrd,-@
Inf peg

•u=n÷
?⃝
Mdlorlteatbpaeilyoftotnermdfrouss
•¥⑤°
c-

L it
not
defined
La

④ Pdyp
p✓
"
lomt (
Andry
= =

c- -

DY☐Y-
=
Entrust -1^7=4
¥

C
t F-
=
a

|c=cx+E Mfg
 bpaiily
if
Find moles Heat
gas
He ,

Process
follow
which the

p'v=w①
"' ">
p v =
Cut) = tons

a=Y,

←
|c=ZRtR=g=3r
of
Find moles Hut or
capacity
gas ,
which
follows
pt~= tonite
 "

§ Pt =
lomt

P
( Pinny we
-

'

p v2 =
tous

v4
'
p = lout

a
f- Cut
F- a
=
Ert Fig
=
ILY
-
Add
yloass
↳ is combination
of few process
↳ Imñ#ate
=
Finest

[ Pi= PF

( Vi =
VF

( Ti = Tf =
B
¥*÷÷÷÷_÷ NP poro

12
"

Povo
÷
= tie

Hegas ↳ outside
Mi

A
i

V0 ✗
yvo

Process W Du DD
Ot Novo
D- →
B Isomeric 0 ! "¥%p④ pour Bin

B. C Isobaric 3%00)
GPOVO
3-zlPDGVDyg-povo-n.gg
-2
,

=2¥PN0
→
=

(→ D
I)0MeÑ 0 zyluvolizpovo
filpo -
"
PN%&ot/ Reject
= -

spoke
Pol-3W) 321
-

9-jbb-IPNO-yutfpeju.net#IY
1) → A Isobaric =
- spot -

6 Povo zero bpovo

*
effiñmyofYI (7)

7=w%Rory IF

¥¥¥g¥
7--6,10%-5^00 ¥
__ ""

=¥
÷÷%¥É
 Din¥nut
=
✗ 100

n=f%÷
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V0

n
P
c
 Tn

;¥É
& °
stor
-

No gas
to

:
.
Yo
 ""
*

" A

.
Tvo

F- (B) 5
¥p= 5¥
U by

A→p
Pol-4W) É Pofhvo)
lovopo
-14 Povo
ypovo
-

=
=
-

IZPOVO fopovo 72 Povo

B→c

c- a
0
I"9¥µvgµñy -50mn
=-5I

PAT gpovo 0 grow

cry
 y
D-
-
c = me

P =
lm)V

put __ cont

W=
PrVF[aR =25Pg÷PoVo
W=12P
DV=
§( PFVF Piri) -

ethno
E( Pong
= -

,=÷÷÷=÷÷*
¥-1
= .
 j
*
""

Po
-

-5%
÷-
1- → B Pol -
4W)
E- Pottery -
16PM
=
-
ypovo -,zpw
= ,

3Rd
B- C
O §Vo(
=9 Povo
9 Povo

(410%0)×4
's
:( 5%0-4%4 Povo
↳ a TANO
=

lopovo

AT
OPOVO 0 oporo
↳ µ
 7
=

Yin
=

%÷¥r .
-1100

=¥
¥
-1¥

÷-t=mM
'

"

"
to
TV =

"
1%1
"

✓
p=lon
pnr⑤

viii.it ññrñ
p④
 W DU 9

"
"" "÷" ° "" " "

= -
nRTolnlJ)

NRDT InRGT°) Iynrto Iloboñc

B→L =nR(nT0 ) 2=1 ONRTO I
begin

[→ A
0 §nRt "" )
- lonrto Isotherm

= -
IONRTO

Atp nRTo( 41ns) 0

nRTolY-l
Ev

7= 7%!)×m=4-f; ✗ no

←
*
Ii7;j!:÷an.o
without
eehangc of heat
.ms .
with
Juorourdig
.

L dy D8 -0
j
-0

to Dg= gu+W =0

Du

to gas expand w=tve Ait ve #t

-

n
compress W= - Vc Du=tvc TTT

non
- conductive way
→

;É"*e•..
994

②
?⃝
 Ah
Relb/wP#
dg=O = do + dw
Pv = n RT
0 =
nlvdt + Pdv
" "" ""

0 = n
( Rg ) dt
,
+ Pdv

,,

p.gg
, , , ,,

¢dv+vdPw-Pd_=o
Vdp + ypd f- 0

vdP=
-

y pdv

JdIp Yay
= -
?⃝
 lnP= -

y lnvtc

trip -1 Yen =L

lnlp )(r " ) =L

"

pi = e = tort

PV"=w① |
PVE Poytropii

Pt¥=¥Jk
piVÉ=PF✓É
¥

Die

Dpoly
=
:

=
71T

%
?⃝
 Non -

condusig
%

TO

this NH V0 to
, expands
from 27 V0

Find Find
Final pressure Also
find Teslp
.

I PivE= 9--4=7

Port =
(27-4)
"

A- =

1¥ ,
=
¥1

molnn.YI.MY?PF-o-
in

%
,
✗ I

|T
 wo kdo einbdiobh.c #Dl-DUtlW-0W=-Av- fnRDT
&

=
-

n Lv BT

,÷t
- n
=

w=nR¥ =P i

BJ RbNonb/WTpAdibht
"
p ✓ = ion

( n)v"=w
TyYt=lom
TiVÉ'=T,=Y=
?⃝
 Ag Rd b/w PAT in Adiabatic

"
pv - ion

'
#-)
w
P __

't "
"

p = ton

AI¥grynPi"¥=¥%
pi = too
Pvs V

y
* " "* + "" " °

v4 (
'
pyv dvtdp)
-

=D

p÷dV+dP•=o
Pydvt rdP=o

|dd¥=-yp
blompoocIIHAdiabah.CA
diabetic
slope =

off = -

Ypg -0

Isotherm

Pr - lomt

pdv+vdP=o

date -

if -0

Slope of adiabatic
bmooe
>
sleep
Slope
of Isotherm

①⑦ =
Y → I
 P or

1-
y°°,a,,
÷→- song
.
 *¥•
Nolf

② adiabatic

conduitsof
 Adelson
-
Puel .

f
Non -
lordutiy

÷÷
:*
③

ÉwY
Filomena

Adiabatic

conducting
'
↳
Pvlurvcofdtbfkidfgaa
a

Yi
÷÷÷ .

|%
E. =
-908
Ydta
Inonu >
>
ypolg
1.67 > 1-4 > 1. D
f
steeper
tf /attest
For
tyres of gases
all at some volume
,

their find Pressures

Ppoly > PDia > Pmono
.

W Wtsia Wmuno
polys
>

=
IV¥Éah
"
Tv = last

C) (4-1) # of -1 ( DT ) =D

b- 1) Tdv = Vdt

Ta
ddIr=-(y_,
II.
 PT
of
tune adiabatic Precis
B
"
"
p t = lot

(c- g)
"" "
(p )( YT dt ) + T p dp)

ypdt = (4-1) TAP

=¥÷
p n

Arce under FV
As WD in adiabatic -

W=
nR÷t =
Pr-Vr-
 movable
Joao - gai④

SKI
¥tL
¥÷÷÷ Hut

slowly )

NIondmkY
|P,=Paa(ways
This arrangement is noted till Volume
of gas A
becomes Initial
12.5-1
of
.

Find Find volume y pressure 9 temp of ga④

Find " " "

of gas ⑨
① ④
Find
w-d.by gas piston
on

① " i. ④ " "

① Heat provided by
the heater
 any pity
about
nature
g.
I

☒¥⇐
ndifmi-zvopp-lonnbfthp.sn
povo¥= Pr.

(F)
%

%
PF = Pox (8)

µPF=32P#
J " 't
theft container =
Right container

p¥ynt=32P gmD

÷÷.
"
Tv = tout

Toro"Y
"
F-
¥)
-
?⃝
cp①= mole lostservoria

r;¥ =

É*¥
T=b

32 Pox Po V0
Voy
=
-

Wbyg¥?Po,
|wbygwA=-9zP✓
④
workdoreby-gosBW.IE
-
T
-

movig Very
slow' '

y
WA -1 Wp =

D°
WA =
-
WB

/wr=t9zPov#
d) D8 = but N

⑧ 32132%0
( g ))
4- Povo
9g
-
Povo
,

(
-

fny-9-zpovo-q.hr#--0
adiabatic

( )
Pm

ga by __
Iz ( bono
) +
grow
-

59 Povo ✗ Poke
{
=
Iz
+

☐
=
?⃝
HI FoaExpamiI
① is
gas expanding against
no
fore
② is Pressure
gas expanding
no
against
.

① in Varun ( extend
gas is in

le

÷÷
F÷É÷÷
Narum

1mc
Fines

eromovc

M
;

Yip
:
.
. . .
• . . .
.

iii. : : : :
i. iii.
' ' l l
' 1 ,
,
'
 Wgno if?au+Y°
DU = 0

¥ NRBFO
•

-
- -
-

- 2W

Povo =
(P ) ( Wo)

y֥-_
 Find
" ,

÷÷÷¥÷÷
humor
f. .
1- Worf

non
-

wndyytif
=

§
Hot,EYY# union converts Hut into

mechanical
energy
to hut work done
-
into

lyuicproun
Du -0

D8 =
nfutw
n
 glow tap

,HifTrp ( Th )

i-out
sink
lpejutu) It
( wrroending)

work done

W =
bin bout
-

Dlf = W

Qin-gau
effi¥ny yt =

Yin
✗ 100

Qin¥t
= ✗ 100

--µ"=c•÷
.e #-Wp-(t-m-Eodu-Yt- gY-
✗
100--4,0%0×100
= 66.67-1
.
 "
"¥
A larnotlteetngire ( Cernat
YÑ
son .

'
work done
)
Isotnermd expansion (
only

s:¥¥É÷µ
¥00
H,
Isothermal lompressia / Do
D D= Wo - ve

↳ we

sink

÷÷ '

tomfool i
'
Adiabatic
MY Yin
= ✗ 100

← nµ=0in-¥±

"÷
exb
"
B- L Adiabene
"

C- p isothermal
comp
D- A Adiabatic
comp

✓
A① Du -0

#
Bin by w NRT
ln/¥*)
=
w
-
-

=
-
-

Gin=nRTihHy① -0

by =0

④ =
Dg=W = NRT ,
In = -100J

Gout = NRI ln
If,

Y Yin Bindrt
=
✗ 10° =
✗ too

=
1- Goyt -1100
Dir
= I -
n/RTz Ink

HRT, ln VA
VA
 "
v5
""
T, =
Try Byc

=
→

For DPA

Tz V5
" =
T, WH

""

¥ =

a) →

① ①
C-r.it/--C-r.)*
¥r
7=1
t.fi?#g.jaoo--1-I*
-

IT
 7 ?xwo=TH?
=
✗ 100

¥T="÷÷"
Y=Wg;iw=Qin¥Ix
Ey=t÷÷%
Tsin☒ww
not possible

7×100×-1 .
Thermodjnamibwlaw
①
of
can't loot
efficiency Yik
be
a

② Entire Hut Can't be converted into

methane'll work
/Work
-

Your

÷- TL

1.
Work done =
Gin -
Bout

Y ¥
✗ 100

=THf÷NW
=

,
•
→-÷
Source

to
① ?
Y ③ If
=
hot extracted

is
from
Jase

5000 let Find work

,

done
§ Hut g-cited
to sink

③ If w/ D this
engine is to be 4 KJ
by
from
Find Hut extracted Joanne

*
1) T
noo
= 600--1300×100
y
=

600
 =
50.1 .

② work done = 2500 let

y let
Rejwktvl Hut = 2500

①
from
Heat Sonne
given
= 811J
 Refoiqeoatofrevinelteo-Engine-HW-spmtoma.ly
BJ

flows from
lower
Higher Temp to

Temp .

towienp
Tf transfer from
we want to Hut

external
to High work done
Temp ,
by
agent is required
27°C
& Electrical

¥f* ou

rfoigenir
In elutñld
energy supply
source do work on it
.
 Hine Refrigerant
"to -

Fruit ,iuNcu
É
1*0 ,

¥8 ,
work
cw )
done

→W=Q-h
perverse

Autogiro Fetid
engine energy

¥ "
%i¥ to .

I g- Jinx 'm
-

.
si
Room/ Kitna
)

t.w-D.tl#T
T,xw
TKTV
zLT1
=
?⃝
 loef i cm-ofpeo-formar.ie/pj/ip=aw-I,.- Y-a=t-E-t#
:
Refñgetatoo

→
☒
Qi-0 IQniuu.79aba.rs#
% 1000J 13=9
.

¥
→¥ .

p= ¥ =

1%51,1=10
 ⇐ two =zx

;,
Tv

① ? @ Hut extractor is 10006L

p=
.

then Find w
-
d. on

Refrigerator ✗ Hut

dissipated itosuor
'

¥ P= Ew =L:-. 1=21-0--9
=

①
,, Till 30

µ=w%=10g00
th
p= Tv
-10¥

1,001 -11000
=

'

% 10,00-4
W=
=
.
?⃝
?⃝