Group 3
Group 3
Group 3
Khulna- 9203
Answer:
Decarburisation:
Dry Corrosion:
Mechanism:
M – 2e → M2+ (Oxidation)
Then the metal ions react with oxygen ions and form the metal oxide.
But as soon as the metal oxide forms, it creates an oxide layer on the metal
surface, which stops the oxidation process as metal oxides are less reactive. Thus,
the corrosion stops as soon as the metal oxide layer forms on the metal surface.
For example,
a. Cl2 gas: Cl2 gas attacks Silver & forms protective layer of Silver
Chloride(AgCl), which prevents further corrosion.
But Sn reacts with Chlorine present in the atmosphere & forms SnCl2.
Cl2 + Sn → SnCl2
b. H2S gas: H2S gas reacts with metal & liberate atomic Hydrogen.
H2 → H + H
Soil corrosion depends on the type of soils. Based on soil type, soil corrosion is
classified into the following six types-
1. Gravel or Sandy Soil:
The soils which are rich in gravel and sand are used to
have more gaps between soil particles and therefore there are generally more
air and free oxygen inside sandy soil than of other types. If a metallic or
concrete structure is buried in sandy soil, the corrosive conditions are similar
to those of oxygen concentration cell corrosion as there is sufficient amount
of oxygen inside, the rate of corrosion is governed by the amount of moisture
content in the soil.
2. Water-logged Soils:
Water-logged soils contain very small amount of free
oxygen as there is roughly any place between soil particles. But water-logged
soils grow various bacterias and micro-organisms. These micro-organisms
causes corrosion in this type of soil. So the corrosion occurs in water logged
soil is mainly micro-biological corrosion.
5. Non-Acidic Soils:
Differential aeration type corrosion occur in non-acidic
soil. The conductivity of the soil which depends on moisture and electrolyte
content in it is the major factor governing the corrosive character. The rate of
corrosion mainly depends on the resistance between the anodic and cathodic
areas & the rate of arrival of the oxygen to the cathodic areas. For example,
when a pipe passes under a paving through non-acidic soil, the portion under
the paving usually has less access to oxygen than the one lying under unpaved
soil. Therefore, the portion under the paving acts anodic and suffers corrosion.
6. Highly Acidic Soils:
Hydrogen evolution type corrosion occurs in highly
acidic soils. The conductivity is not of much importance in the corrosion
process of this type of soil. The rate of corrosion mainly depends on the pH &
the presence of salt and oxygen in the soil sample.