9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.

net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

1. Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle
and a train? (c) a five - rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
A. Inertia of an object is the measurement of its mass.
(a) A stone of same size as that of rubber ball will have a greater mass because the stone will have more
inertia.
(b) A train has much greater mass than that of a bicycle, so the train will have more inertia.
(c) A five-rupee coin has more mass than a one-rupee coin, so five-rupee coin will have greater inertia.
2. In the following example, try to identify the number of times the velocity of the ball changes:"A
football player kicks a football to another player of his team who kicks the football towards the goal.
The goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the football his own team" and kicks it towards a player
of Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.
A. Whenever a force will be applied on the ball then the velocity of the ball will change.
a) When first player kicks the ball towards another player of his team then the velocity of ball will
change because first player applies some force on the ball.
b) When another player kicks the ball towards the goal, then the velocity of ball will change, here again
the force is applied on the ball.
c) When goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the ball, then the velocity of ball will change, it
becomes zero. Here the goalkeeper applies some force on the ball to stop.
d) When the goalkeeper kicks the ball towards his own team, the velocity of the ball changes because
goalkeeper applies some force on the ball.
3. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.
A. (i) This can be explained with the help of the concept of inertia.
(ii) When the tree is at rest, its leaves are also at rest.
(iii) But when we bring the tree in motion by means of shaking it, due to the inertia of leaves they still
tend to be in rest.
(iv)Thus force is acting on leaves vigorously with changing direction rapidly. This results in detaching of
leaves from the tree.
4. Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards
when it accelerates from rest?
A. When a moving bus breaks to a stop we fall in the forward direction due to inertia of motion and
when the bus accelerates from rest, we fall in the backward direction due to inertia of rest.
Exercises
1. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be
travelling with a non - zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on.
A. (i) When a net zero external unbalanced force is applied on the body, it is possible for the object to be
travelling with a non-zero velocity.
(ii) A net zero external unbalanced force means that object has balanced force.
In balanced force, Stationary object remains stationary Moving object remains moving.
(iii) Conditions to be: It is necessary that the object moves at a constant velocity and in a particular
direction.
2. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it, Explain.
A. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, the dust particle comes out of it due to static inertia.
Actually on beating, the carpet moved and the dust particles still remains their position due to static
inertia. So they come out of it.
3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope?

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE

9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

A. If the luggage kept on the roof of a bus is not tied with a rope, due to dynamic inertia they can fall
down from the top of the bus when the bus stopped suddenly. So they were advised to tie with a rope.
4. A batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level ground. After covering a short distance, the
ball comes to rest the ball slows too stops because.
(a) The batsman did not hit the ball hard enough.
(b) Velocity in proportional to the force exerted on the ball.
(c) There is a force on the ball opposing the motion.
(d) There is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest.
A. (c).Because the ball slows down to rest as the force of friction acting between the ground and the ball
opposes the motion of the ball.
5. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of
400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if it’s mass is7 tonnes (Hint: 1 tonne
1000 kg.)
A. Initial velocity of truck (u) =0 m/s
Travelling distance (s) = 400 m
Time (t) = 20 s
Mass of the truck (m) = 7 tonnes = 7000 kg
By second equation of motion,
s = ut+1/2at2
400 = 0×20 +1/2 × a × (20)2
400 =1/2 × a × 400
1/2 × a × 400 = 400
a = 400 / 400 ×1/2
a = 400 × 2 / 400 = 2 m/s2
By Newton’s second law of motion
F=m×a
F =7000kg × 2m/ s2
= 14,000 N
6. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m /s across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to
rest after travelling stone and the ice a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the
stone and ice?
A. Mass of stone (m) = 1 kg,
Initial velocity (u) = 20 m/s,
Final velocity (v) = O (Therefore, the stone comes to rest),
Distance covered (s) = 50 m.
From third equation of motion,
v2 = u2 + 2as
(0)2 = (20)2 + 2a (50)
0 = 400 + 100a
100a = - 400
a = - 4m/ s2
That there is retardation in the motion of stone.
Force of friction between stone and ice = Force required to stop the stone
F = ma
F = 1 x (-4) = -4N
The negative sign indicates the opposing force which is friction.
Therefore the force of friction between the stone and ice = - 4N

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9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

7. A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg along a horizontal track. If the engine
exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate
(a) The net accelerating force and
(b) The acceleration of the train.
A. Mass of engine = 8000 kg
Mass of 1 wagon = 2000 kg
Mass of 5 wagons = 5 x 2000 = 10, 000 kg
Force exerted by engine = 40,000 N
Force of friction = 5000 N
(a) The net accelerating force
Net Force = Force of engine - Force of friction
= 40000 - 5000 = 35000 N
(b) The acceleration of the train.
We know that
Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)
We have found Force in the last part
Force = 35000 N
Now, Mass
Total Mass = Mass of Engine + Mass of 5 wagons
= 8000 + 10000 = 18000kg
F=Mxa
35000 = 18000 × a
a = 35000/18000
a = 1.944 m/s² Thus, acceleration of train is 1.944 m/s²
8. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road
if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m/s2?
A. Mass (m) = 1500 kg,
Negative Acceleration (a)= –1.7 m/s2
As per Newton's second law of motion,
F = ma
= 1500 × (–1.7) = –2550 N
9. What is the momentum of an object of mass m moving with a velocity v?
(a) (mv)2 (b) mv2 (c) 1/2 mv2 (d) mv
A. (d) (because the momentum of an object of mass m moving with a velocity v. p = mv)
10. Using a horizontal force of 200 N. we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at a constant
velocity. What is the friction force that will be exerted on the cabinet?
A. Horizontal force of 200 N is applied in the forward direction.
(ii) Thus, from Newton’s third law of motion, an equal amount of force will act in the opposite direction.
(iii) This opposite force is the frictional force exerted on the cabinet.
(iv) Hence, a frictional force of 200 N is exerted on the cabinet.
11. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us
with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will
probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces
cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move.
A. (i) Logic given by the student is not correct because two equal and opposite forces cancel each other
only in the case if they act on the same body.

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9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

(ii) According to Newton’s third law, action and reaction force always act on two different bodies, so
they cannot cancel each other.
(iii) The truck does not move because the push applied is far less than the force of friction between the
truck and the road.
12. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 m/s is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along
its original pat with a velocity at 5 m/s. Calculate the magnitude of change of momentum occurred in
the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick.
A. Mass of hockey ball (m) = 200 g
200 g in k.ng = 200/1000 = 0.2 kg
Initial velocity, u= 10m/s
Final velocity, v= –5m/s
(Since, final velocity of the ball is in the direction opposite to the direction of initial velocity.)
Change in momentum of the ball = Final momentum (mv) – Initial momentum (mu)
= mv–mu
= m (v–u)
= 0.2 (–5–10)
= 0.2 ×– 15 = – 3 kg m/s
13. A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity 150 m/s strikes a stationary wooden
block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block.
Also calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet.
A. Mass (m) =10g
Mass in kg = 10/1000 = 0.01 kg
Final velocity (v) =0,
Initial velocity (u) =150m/s,
Time (t) =0.03 s.
Let the uniform acceleration of bullet be 'a'.
Using the first equation of motion we get,
v = u + at
0 = 150 + a (0.03)
- 0.03 a =150
a =150 / (-0.03) = -5000 m/sec2
Using the third equation of motion we get,
V2−u2 =2as
02 - (150)2 = 2(-5000) s
2(-5000) s = (-150)2
s = (-150)2/2(-5000)
s = 22500/10000 = 2.25 m.
Therefore, the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block is 2.25 m.
As per Newton's second law
F = ma
F = 0.01 × - 5000
F = - 50 N
Therefore, the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet is - 50 N.
14. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 m/s collides with, and sticks
to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight
line. Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate
the velocity of the combined object.

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE

9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

A. Momentum of system = Momentum of object + Momentum of wooden block

m1 = 1 kg
m2 = 5 kg
u1 = 10 m/s
u2 = 0 m/s
Total momentum just before impact is -
p1= m1u1 + m2u2
p1 = 1x10 + 5×0
p1 = 10 kgm/s
As per law of conservation of momentum,
p1= p2
p2= 10 kgm/s
Let v be the combined velocity of the object + block.
p2 = (m1 + m2) v
10 = (1+5) v
6v = 10
V = 10/6
v = 1.67 m/s
15. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m/s to 8 m/s in 6 s. Calculate
the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the
object.
A. Mass of the object (m)= 100Kg
Initial velocity (u) = 5m/s
Final velocity (v) = 8m/s
(i) Initial momentum = mu = 100 ×5 =500 kgm/s
Final momentum mv = 100 × 8 =800Kgm/s
(ii) From Newton's second law,
Force exerted on the object = Rate of change of momentum
Rate of change of momentum = Change in momentum / Time,
= Final momentum - Initial momentum/Time,
= 800 - 500/6
= 300/6 = 50N.
16. Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an
expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran
started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in
momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motor car (because the change in the
velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar
was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. And as a result the insect
died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect
experienced the same force and a change in their momentum. Comment on these suggestions.
A. (i) The suggestion made by Kiran that insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to
the change in momentum of the car is wrong.
(ii) The suggestion made by Akhtar is also wrong.[ motor car was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted
a larger force on the insect. ]
(iii)The explanation given by Rahul is absolutely correct. When the insect collided with the motor car,
same force was experienced. This is because action and reaction are always equal and opposite.
Changes in their respective momentums also the same.

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE

9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

17. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height
of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m/s².
A. Mass of the dumbbell (m) =10 kg
Distance covered by the dumbbell (s) =80 cm =0.8 m
Acceleration in the downward direction (a) =10m/s^2
Initial velocity of the dumbbell (u) =o
Final velocity of the dumbbell (when it was about to hit the floor) = v
According to the third equation of motion
V2 - u2 = 2as
V2 = 0× 2(10) × 0.8
v = √20 × 8
= √16 = √4 ×4
=4 m/s
Therefore , The momentum with which the dumbbell hits the floor p = mv
=10 × 4 = 40kgm/s

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE