REPORT

NAME: ADEEL SABIR

REG #: 4749

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. HASHIM KHAN

DATED: 10/10/2011

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Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iranand Afghanistan on the west and China in the north Area: total: 796,095 sq km land: 770,875 sq km water: 25,220 sq km Land boundaries: total: 6,774 km border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north Land use: arable land: 24.44% permanent crops: 0.84% other: 74.72% (2005) Natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

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Population: 187,342,721 (July 2011 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35.4% (male 34,093,853/female 32,278,462) 15-64 years: 60.4% (male 58,401,016/female 54,671,873) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,739,647/female 4,157,870) (2011 est.) Median age: total: 21.6 years male: 21.5 years female: 21.6 years (2011 est.) Population growth rate: 1.573% (2011 est.) Birth rate: 24.81 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) Death rate: 6.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) Net migration rate: -2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) Urbanization: urban population: 36% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 63.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 66.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.99 years male: 64.18 years female: 67.9 years (2011 est.) Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani Ethnic groups: Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%

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Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5% Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8% Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 49.9% male: 63% female: 36% (2005 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 7 years male: 8 years female: 6 years (2009) Education expenditures: 2.7% of GDP (2009)

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Government type: federal republic Capital: name: Islamabad geographic coordinates: 33 42 N, 73 10 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of two administrative entities: Azad Kashmir and GilgitBaltistan Independence: 14 August 1947 (from British India) National holiday: Republic Day, 23 March (1956) Constitution: 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored 15 December 2007; amended 19 April 2010 Legal system: common law system with Islamic law influence International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt Political parties and leaders: Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Moheem Khan BALOCH]; Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH]; Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL]; Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Syed Munawar HASAN]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazl-ur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam Sami-ul HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [Shah Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National Alliance or NA [Ghulam
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Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); National Peoples Party or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif Ali ZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO or PPP-S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Tehrike Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; Tehrik-i Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI] note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently Flag description: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

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Economy - overview: Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels decreased by 10%, as Islamabad steadily raised development spending. During 2004-07, GDP growth in the 5-8% range was spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors - despite severe electricity shortfalls - but growth slowed in 2008-09 and unemployment rose. Inflation remains the top concern among the public, climbing from 7.7% in 2007 to more than 13% in 2010. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated since 2007 as a result of political and economic instability. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis, but during 2009-10 its current account strengthened and foreign exchange reserves stabilized - largely because of lower oil prices and record remittances from workers abroad. Record floods in July-August 2010 lowered agricultural output and contributed to a jump in inflation, and reconstruction costs will strain the limited resources of the government. Textiles account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, but Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Other long term challenges include expanding investment in education, healthcare, and electricity production, and reducing dependence on foreign donors. GDP (purchasing power parity): $464.9 billion (2010 est.) $443.6 billion (2009 est.) $429.2 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars GDP (official exchange rate): $174.9 billion (2010 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 4.8% (2010 est.) 3.4% (2009 est.) 1.6% (2008 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP): $2,500 (2010 est.) $2,400 (2009 est.) $2,400 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars
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GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 21.8% industry: 23.6% services: 54.6% (2010 est.) Labor force: 55.77 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2010 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 43% industry: 20.3% services: 36.6% (2005 est.) Unemployment rate: 15.4% (2010 est.) 14.4% (2009 est.) note: substantial underemployment exists Investment (gross fixed): 13.8% of GDP (2010 est.) Budget: revenues: $24.72 billion expenditures: $35.67 billion (2010 est.) Taxes and other revenues: 14.1% of GDP (2010 est.) Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -6.3% of GDP (2010 est.) Public debt: 50.7% of GDP (2010 est.) 50.2% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13.9% (2010 est.) 13.6% (2009 est.) Central bank discount rate: 12.5% (31 December 2009) 15% (31 December 2008) Commercial bank prime lending rate: 13.462% (31 December 2010 est.) 14.189% (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of narrow money: $3.169 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $2.774 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of broad money: $85.22 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $65.13 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Stock of money: $NA (31 December 2008) $52.76 billion (31 December 2007) Agriculture - products: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs Industries: textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp Industrial production growth rate: 4.6% (2010 est.) Electricity - production: 90.8 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity - consumption: 72.2 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.) Oil - production: 59,140 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil - consumption: 373,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil - exports: 30,090 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil - imports: 319,500 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil - proved reserves: 436.2 million bbl (1 January 2010 est.) Natural gas - production: 37.5 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural gas - consumption: 37.5 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural gas - proved reserves: 840.2 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.) Current Account Balance: -$1.585 billion (2010 est.) -$3.993 billion (2009 est.) Exports: $21.39 billion (2010 est.) $18.35 billion (2009 est.)
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Exports - commodities: textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs Exports - partners: US 18.1%, UAE 8.4%, Afghanistan 7.7%, China 5.6%, UK 5.3%, Germany 4% (2009) Imports: $32.21 billion (2010 est.) $28.62 billion (2009 est.) Imports - commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea Imports - partners: China 11.9%, Saudi Arabia 11%, UAE 10.9%, US 5.7%, Kuwait 5.7%, Malaysia 5.1%, Japan 4.1%, Germany 4% (2009) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $17.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $13.77 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - external: $56.13 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $53.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $30.06 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $28.04 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $1.157 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $1.102 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar 85.27 (2010) 81.71 (2009) 70.64 (2008) 60.6295 (2007) 60.35 (2006)

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