BIOCHEMISTRY JUAN PAOLO S.

CAPATI, RMT, RPh

PREREQUISITE BIOCHEMISTRY

HOURS UNITS DAY TIME

LECTURE 3 HRS 3

LABORATORY 6 HRS 2
BIOCHEMISTRY JUAN PAOLO S. CAPATI, RMT, RPh

WEEK TOPIC
1 CELL

2 CARBOHYDRATES (PART 1)

3 CARBOHYDRATES (PART 2)

4 NUCLEIC ACIDS (PART 1)

5 NUCLEIC ACIDS (PART 2)

6 PRELIM EXAMINATION

7 LIPIDS (PART 1)

8 LIPIDS (PART 2)

9 PROTEINS (PART 1)

10 PROTEINS (PART 2)

11 ENZYME KINETICS (PART 1)

12 MIDTERM EXAMINATION

13 ENZYME KINETICS (PART 2)

14 VITAMINS (PART 1)

15 VITAMINS (PART 2)

16 BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS (PART 1)

17 BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS (PART 2)

18 FINAL EXAMINATION
 CELL
CELL
TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEM ORGANISM

MOLECULAR COMPOSITION

WATER

ORGANIC
MOLECULES

INORGANIC
MOLECULES

PARTS OF THE CELL

NUCLEUS
control center of the cell
Parts:
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleoli/Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Chromatin/Chromosomes

_____________
Protects the genetic material
____________________: Exchange of material between nucleus and rest
of the cell occurs
Main determinant whether the cell is EUKARYOTIC or
PROKARYOTIC
 PROKARYOTE VS. EUKARYOTE

NO TRUE NUCLEUS (X NM) TRUE NUCLEUS (W/ NM)

NO membrane bound Mitochondria, Lysosomes,

organelles ER, Golgi apparatus

A prokaryotic chromosome is usually a circular molecule (an exception is that of the

bacterium _________________________, which causes _____________________.
Even without a real nucleus, the DNA is condensed in a nucleoid.
Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called ________________, which
are usually circular.

________
chromosomal DNA
Circular, double-stranded piece of
________ DNA, not surrounded by a nuclear
independent DNA molecule membrane.
These smaller pieces of DNA
An extrachromosomal pieces of DNA
which are capable of autonomous (or
self-regulated) replication.
____________
Site of _________________ assembly
It is also called as nuclear matrix.
It contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

____________
AKA Karyoplasm

____________
Organized structural unit
_______________ - threadlike, cell is not dividing
_______________ - rod-like involves during cell division

____________
are small basic proteins that participate in forming the
nucleosomal structure of the chromatin.

PARTS OF THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE
AKA PLASMA MEMBRANE/ PLASMA LEMMA
The outermost structure of the cell that
decides its contour is the cell membrane.
SEMIPERMEABLE
COMPONENTS:
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

Phospholipid Bilayer
_________ _________
FLUIDITY AND CONSISTENCY of the cell Eicosanoid
polyunsaturated FA. 20:4 (5,8,11,14) DOUBLE
BONDS

STRUCTURAL COMPONENT

ORGANISM COMPONENT

PLANTS Cellulose

BACTERIA PEPTIDOGLYCAN

FUNGI ERGOSTEROL

ANIMALS PHOSPHOLOPID BILAYER

EXOSKELETONS OF ARTHROPODS, LOBSTER

CHITIN
AND CRABS
PARTS OF THE CELL
CYTOPLASM
________
semi-transparent fluid that suspend other elements
site of _______________, _______________, _______________

Inclusions
includes nutrients and cell by-products

Organelles
ORGANELLE DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
Not enclosed by a
Ribosomes membrane
/scattered around the cell
System of fluid filled Rough ER - ___________________
Endoplasmic Reticulum
cisterns Smooth ER - _____________________

PACKAGERS OF THE CELL

Golgi Apparatus Stack of flattened sacs
Store, modify, package proteins

Bags of containing digestive Digest, worn out cells, suicidal

Lysosomes
enzymes bags, demolition bags
Contains oxidative enzymes
Perixosomes Degrade ______________________
MICROBODIES

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell

CELL DIVISION
preparation
division of NUCLEUS
division of CYTOPLASM
___________
proteinaceous and infectious
infectious agents consisting of proteins but no nucleic acid.
Causative of: _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PLANT CELLS vs. ANIMAL CELLS
Animal cells are very similar to plant cells except for the following major differences:
Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts
Animal cells are not surrounded by cell walls
The vacuoles in plants are much larger than those of animals

CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRIA
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEOLUS
RIBOSOME, ROUGH ER
CYTOSOL
SMOOTH ER