The document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It provides examples of when to use gerunds and infinitives after different verbs. It also discusses the base form of verbs and how they are used with modal verbs or as exceptions with verbs like let, make, and help. Key points include:
1) Gerunds are verb + -ing and function like nouns, while infinitives are verb + "to".
2) Whether a verb is followed by a gerund or infinitive depends on the specific verb.
3) Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with a slight difference in meaning.
4) The base form of a verb is used
The document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It provides examples of when to use gerunds and infinitives after different verbs. It also discusses the base form of verbs and how they are used with modal verbs or as exceptions with verbs like let, make, and help. Key points include:
1) Gerunds are verb + -ing and function like nouns, while infinitives are verb + "to".
2) Whether a verb is followed by a gerund or infinitive depends on the specific verb.
3) Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with a slight difference in meaning.
4) The base form of a verb is used
The document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It provides examples of when to use gerunds and infinitives after different verbs. It also discusses the base form of verbs and how they are used with modal verbs or as exceptions with verbs like let, make, and help. Key points include:
1) Gerunds are verb + -ing and function like nouns, while infinitives are verb + "to".
2) Whether a verb is followed by a gerund or infinitive depends on the specific verb.
3) Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with a slight difference in meaning.
4) The base form of a verb is used
The document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It provides examples of when to use gerunds and infinitives after different verbs. It also discusses the base form of verbs and how they are used with modal verbs or as exceptions with verbs like let, make, and help. Key points include:
1) Gerunds are verb + -ing and function like nouns, while infinitives are verb + "to".
2) Whether a verb is followed by a gerund or infinitive depends on the specific verb.
3) Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with a slight difference in meaning.
4) The base form of a verb is used
“It’s easy to find your way into the city centre, but it’s very difficult to get out again.”
• To express purpose (=what a person wants to achieve):
“We’re going to the beach to lie in the sun” (=because we want to lie in the sun)
“To watch the clip again, press ‘replay’” (=if you want to watch again).
VERB + VERB: When we have 2 verbs, it depends on the first verb if we use an infinitive or gerund.
“I don’t mind playing with boys” / “I need to finish my report soon”
Verb + -ing Verb + to infinitive
Adore, avoid, bear, consider, deny, detest, dislike, Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, decide, expect, fail, endure, enjoy, imagine, involve, mention, miss, practice, hope, need, offer, promise, refuse, want, wish. resent, risk, postpone, can’t stand, can’t help, be worth, “I wanted to meet him” don’t mind. “I really enjoy watching movies with my family” Verb + object + to infinitive Advise, allow, ask, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, Processes: keep, stop, finish. force, instruct, invite, need, order, permit, persuade, “Keep going. Don’t stop!” recommend, remind, require, teach, tell, attempt, warn “It’s stopped raining” “I asked him to come” “I’ve finished painting the wall.” Would combination Verb + an object + -ing : spend would like to, would love to, would prefer to, would hate “I spend an hour running every day.” to. “I would love to see you again!” Verbs + object + -ing (connected with senses) look at, see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel, smell, taste, catch. “I watched the people walking around.” “I could smell something burning.”
NEGATIVE FORM: We add NOT
• Gerunds: verb + not -ing → “The best thing for your health is not drinking” • Infinitives: verb + not to → “I decided not to go out tonight” verb + object + not to → “I asked you not to break my heart” Some verbs can be followed by -ing or to… with a difference in meaning:
Verb + -ing Verb + to infinitive
Try “I tried talking to him, but he’s still angry” (I did it “I tried to talk to him, but he didn’t answer his but it didn’t work). phone” (I attempted to do it).
Remember/ “I remember/I’ll never forget hearing that tune “Please remember/don’t forget to buy some Forget the first time” (an experience in the past) milk” (a job for the future).
Regret “I now regret saying what I said. I shouldn’t have “We regret to inform you that you’re fired.” (I’m said it” (I did it and now I’m sorry about it) sorry that I have to say/tell you/inform you that).
Go on “The professor went on talking for over an hour” “After explaining the theory, I’ll go on to describe (didn’t stop, continued with the same thing) some examples” (do or say something new)
Stop “I stopped drinking coffee” (I don’t drink it now) “I stopped to drink coffee” (I stopped because I wanted to drink coffee in a café)
The following verbs can be followed by -ing or to… with no difference of meaning:
• Begin / Start / Continue / Intend / Bother / Love / Like / Hate / Prefer
“It started raining” or “It started to rain”
“Andy intends buying a house” or “Andy intends to buy…”
“Don’t bother locking the door” or “Don’t bother to lock…”
• But normally we don’t use -ing after -ing:
“It’s starting to rain” (not it’s starting raining)
BASE FORM
When we use a verb without to or ing, we call it “base form”. We use the base form with:
• Modal verbs
Can/Could → “I can’t drive/ It could be worse”
Will/Would → “She will be here soon/ You said it would rain”
May/Might → “We may be late / I might lose my job”
Shall → “What shall we do?”
Should → “We should go now”
Must → “You really must try it”
• Some exceptions (verbs with object)
Let → “They didn’t let me go to the party”
Make → “They made me tidy my room”
Help → “He helped me fix the car” OR “He helped me to fix the car” EXERCISES
