Literature Review

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Anna Beth Giles
Dr. Harrison
BA 120
27 April 2021
College Students’ Motivations for Working Out—or Lack Thereof
Introduction
The benefits of exercise are especially important for college students, yet many lack the
motivation or ability to prioritize it. This research goes deeper into the reasoning behind that and
explores the relationships that college students have with exercise. Why more college students
don’t find working out important is one of the main questions this topic is targeted around, with
the hope of advocating for change by providing the background information necessary. The
perceived benefits of working out as a college student, what motivates college students, how to
prioritize working out, and the purpose of the study: making it easier for college students to want
to workout, are more specific areas of research covered within the broader topic. Although
working out is a personal issue that only affects the individual choosing whether or not to do so,
it still is something that can be applied to society as a whole because the decision is made by
every person. Every person being able to relate to it in some way, even a negative way, means
they deserve to have adequate research in front of them so they can make the right decision for
themselves.
Perceived Benefits of Working Out as a College Student
Exercise has benefits that extend beyond the realm of physical fitness. While the idea of
working out may largely be associated with “body image,” especially in the minds of college
students, the lifetime benefits it provides exceed simply being in shape. When it could be a factor
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in improving the quality and length of one’s life, it should be an easy decision to make it a habit.
However, the benefits are not always immediately evident, causing them to possibly seem
nonexistent and causing college students to not see any reason they should give up the next best
use of their time to exercise.
A person’s overall health and wellness is largely attributed to their exercising habits.
Regular exercise reduces the risk of contracting many diseases: it can improve heart health and
cognition, control the severity and prevent the onset of diseases like diabetes and asthma, and
improve the quality of life for people who currently suffer or have previously suffered from
certain diseases like cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
Aside from the physical health benefits, exercise also has psychological benefits.
Exercise causes the release of hormones such as endorphins, which play a role in stress relief and
well-being. Even if people don’t actually enjoy working out, they enjoy the feeling that comes
after working out. Sometimes called a runner’s high, this causes running or exercise in general to
be more necessary for mental health or for sparking productivity than for any other reason. When
stress and anxiety start to interfere with the ability to stay focused and maintain the energy
needed to stay on task, exercise produces these endorphins and other hormones that help clear
the mind and combat this stress (Anxiety & Depression Association of America).
Why are these benefits so important in college? College is a transitioning phase that can
bring about a lot of stress that can ultimately diminish the mental health of students. College also
is a bridge from adolescence to adulthood, where many life lessons are learned and habits are
developed. If exercise is a common practice during college years, it is likely to remain atop a list
of priorities proceeding college, especially if the benefits discussed played a noticeable role in
enhancing the college experience. Eighty-one to eighty-five percent of adults stick with the
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exercise pattern they developed in their last year of college (NYU Web). While a lack of exercise
does not automatically ensue poor mental health or poor physical health, studies have shown that
exercise does play a large role in improving both of these conditions, which is especially critical
during college.
Motivations
Despite the benefits listed above and other any other evidence pointing to the fact that
exercise improves the function of the mind and the body, many college students still do not get
the recommended amount of physical activity (Plante et al.). This must mean that not all students
view exercise as important and not all students are enticed by the benefits. Why is this the case,
and where does motivation to workout come from?
Purdue University associated working out with higher GPA, and motivation for working
out with increased motivation for other activities. They collected data that showed how the
students taking advantage of the on-campus workout facilities were also the ones excelling in the
classroom (Neubert). This is because a motivated person applies their motivation to all areas of
their life, which means a lack of motivation would be applied to all areas of life as well. This
variation in motivation from person to person often is a result of motivation having different
sources, or people having different reasons for doing things. Some students are self-motivated
and are driven by their own desire to stay in shape and passion for exercising. This motivation
comes from within but can be contagious because someone else could draw their motivation
from that person. Some students workout because they are motivated by people around them and
want the same benefits. This motivation is drawn from outside oneself but is equally beneficial
and can turn into self-motivation. And some students work out to relieve stress and stay focused
on their other time-consuming endeavors (Davis). While students have many reasons for
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exercising, some students see no reason to at all. As discussed in other sections, students get
caught up in the college life, and their poor time management skills get the best of them, putting
exercise at the bottom of their list of priorities. A lack of motivation upon transitioning into
college will likely never give way to an increase in motivation and a rearranging of schedule to
fit exercise in. Learning how others stay motivated to meet their exercise goals is important for
students who are trying to find and maintain motivation, despite the busyness of college life.
Prioritizing
When college students get caught up in the busyness of college life, it is often hard to
prioritize working out. Exercise is one of the first things to go when transitioning into college
because time becomes a scarce resource and other things take priority as a result of the lifestyle
change and newfound freedom (John Hopkins Medicine). While this is true and of course
schoolwork does need to come before anything else, exercise can often be the catalyst for
productivity in other areas. Every decision has a trade-off, including working out. Choosing to
workout can cost time, money, and a possible sacrifice of social activities. However, when the
benefits of working out start to exceed the next best alternative, it becomes easier to prioritize.
Seeing results makes something seem worthwhile, which would cause it to be a higher priority.
If working out does start to noticeably improve someone’s perception of their body, contribute to
healthier life habits, a better mood, less stress, and increased productivity, then it certainly would
be worth implementing in a daily routine. However, it is not always as easy as this, which is
where self-efficacy comes into play. Self-efficacy affects our ability to achieve certain things.
When exercise is viewed as optional, or as a maybe on a to-do list, it often will never get done.
This is attributed to lower self-efficacy in that area. Confidence and commitment to getting
something done or achieving something, like a workout, will change its status from optional in
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someone’s mind to a necessary part of their daily routine because they believe they are capable
of doing what they set out to do (Chowdhury).
All of this plus improving time management skills can allow more time for working out
or can cause working out to take the place of something else that used to be more important if the
student sees reason to workout. Making working out a priority is not always easy in college
when that time could be spent doing anything else, but prioritizing it then will cause it to be a
priority in the future and ensure the maximization of the benefits listed above that lead to an
overall healthier life (Kim & Cardinal).
Making It Easier- The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to examine what motivates college students to exercise and
identify ways to make it easier. Colleges make working out easy and affordable by providing on
campus work-out facilities. If students lack the motivation to workout, they cannot use the
absence of a facility as an excuse. Colleges give students access to workout facilities and
recreation centers that are conveniently located and easily accessible, along with athletic weight
rooms and other equipment, to allow anyone who wants to workout to have the chance. For
places that do lack adequate facilities, outdoor exercise like going for a run is always an option
that doesn’t cost anything. Because of the wide availability of places to workout and their
frequent on-campus convenience, a lack of physical activity during college years can often be
attributed to a lack of motivation (Guldin).
Having somebody to work out with also makes working out easier. People are less likely
to back out if they know they are backing out on someone else and not just themselves. They
also are likely to draw motivation from the fact that they don’t want to let someone else down,
which means having a workout partner creates accountability (Amherst College).

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Planning workouts ahead of time aids in making exercise easier to make time for. Not
having a plan in place decreases the motivation to go workout because time and energy has to be
spent deciding on what to do before the workout can begin. This makes working out seem like a
dreadful task and can actually prevent students from wanting to do it because they have to exert
so much time to a single work out when they have other things to do.
Having group fitness classes like zumba and yoga available also can serve as motivation
for college students to workout because it is a fun way to exercise with other people. If more
colleges provided options like this, they would most likely see an increase in students using their
facilities. Students like to participate in classes because they are guided through the workout, and
the time for it is already scheduled. This means they don’t have to decide on a time to exercise
and build up the motivation to actually do it; the work out is already planned and scheduled, and
all they have to do is show up. This gives it a spot in a daily routine, which makes it easier to
prioritize than if they student is having to plan their own times to work out every day. All they
sacrifice is a little bit of their time, which most students would consider worth it because they get
the same benefits at a lower cost and more enjoyment from working out in this setting than they
would from working out alone (Barney & Higginson).
Significance of the Study
If college is for learning skills and developing habits you will put into place for the rest of
your life, why not practice developing healthy habits like working out? Exercising regularly not
only improves physical fitness, but also decreases the risk of developing certain diseases later in
life and increases energy and productivity throughout the day. Exercise is also associated with
greater focus and cognition, which translates over to students’ abilities to perform in the
classroom and at work (CDC). Overall, if college students have greater knowledge about
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working out and how it has lifetime benefits, they are more likely to try it, which means it
eventually can become part of their daily routine and lead to a longer, healthier, and happier life.
Even though society as a whole is not directly affected by an individual’s choice to work out, it
is important for each individual to have adequate knowledge on the subject to make the decision
for him or herself.
Major Research Questions
1. What do college students perceive to be the benefits of working out?
2. What effects does working out have on college students?
3. What prevents college students from working out?
4. Where does the motivation to work out come from and why isn’t it evenly distributed?
5. What could change college students’ minds about working out or motivate them to start
working out?
Population of Interest
College students themselves are the population of interest. The study only includes
college students, so everything in it is targeted at them. They would benefit most from the results
by learning others’ attitudes towards working out and the benefits that come with it that could
lead them to possibly making healthier lifestyle decisions. Interviewing college students of both
genders with varying mindsets about working out is the best way to gather accurate data that can
make predictions for the whole population of college students.
Recruitment of Individuals
I recruited the individuals in my sample based mostly on people I know with varying
perspectives on working out. I know that being an athlete in college has a great effect on
workout habits, as seen in my sample profile (Appendix B), because most college athletes are
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required to work out for their sport. For this reason, I tried to include both athletes and non-
athletes, and also asked athletes to consider some of the questions from the perspective they
would have if they were not a college athlete. I conducted most of my interviews in the location
most convenient for the person I was interviewing, which was often their room. However, I did
some interviews in neutral locations. I got the best and longest responses when my interviewee
was most comfortable and not nervous that they were being recorded. My friends also knew
people with strong opinions on my topic and recruited those individuals for me. I would say my
data could be used to make predictions about the entire population of college students because I
recruited individuals who have various perspectives on working out.
Findings
What do college students perceive to be the benefits of working out?
Among the sample of college students I interviewed, a feeling of accomplishment
throughout the day was a consistent perceived benefit of working out. Students also consistently
said that working out is as beneficial to them mentally as it is physically. One student, Haley,
said:
You release endorphins when you work out that make you happier, and you sweat out
any toxins in your body.
Jacob reiterated this idea about the effect of this release of endorphins when he said:
It helps me mentally. I feel more accomplished for my day. I feel like I’m doing
something progressive that’s gonna benefit me.
My previous academic research also emphasized the psychological benefits of working out—
specifically the release of endorphins that play a role in stress relief and well-being and the
feeling of accomplishment and productivity after working out. Through previous research, I was
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able to learn how working out is beneficial in general but specifically during college. Through
my own research, I was able to examine college students more closely and discover how they
personally believe they benefit from exercise. I found an overlap in the research, as the
individuals in my sample seemed to restate many of the results found by others. This means we
can reasonably infer that exercise may be more necessary for college students because of its
psychological effects.
What effects does working out have on college students?
Working out is a stimulant for other areas of life that are particularly important during
college, like sleep and productivity. Mia said:
When I work out, I sleep better at night.
Grayson said:
It’s really a morale booster, so it makes doing other activities a lot easier.
Although exercise may have these effects on all people and not just college students, they have
more significance during college because of the busyness and stress of college life. A consistent
sleep schedule and increased motivation for completing other activities can have an effect on
grades, class attendance, and cognitive functioning, which ultimately can play a part in
determining students’ futures.
It also has effects that extend beyond the college period specifically, which make its
development as a habit during college even more important. Annie spoke more into this when
she said:
I think college is the time you’re developing habits for the rest of your life. And so if you
have to start doing something like that after college, like I think that can be really
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difficult, but if you make it a priority while you’re in college I think that it will carry
over.
Annie’s statement is backed by previous research: according to NYU Web, eighty-one to eighty-
five percent of adults stick with the exercise pattern they developed in their last year of college.
College students are still in a developmental phase, as they are still learning and building habits
they will implement for the rest of their lives. Something with effects as great as working out is
no exception, and if practiced during this phase of life, will likely stick around.
What prevents college students from working out?
A common theme among my sample of college students that seemed to prevent them
from working out was an increase in schoolwork. The pressure of constantly having assignments
due can decrease students’ motivation for fitting in a workout. This idea can be contradictory to
the previously discussed feeling of productivity caused by working out—because working out
can actually increase the motivation to get schoolwork done; however, procrastination that leads
to accumulated schoolwork can also take this motivation away. When asked if working out was
harder to prioritize after starting college, Grayson said:
I wouldn’t say it was harder…but it was harder to find the motivation. You know there’s
a lot of late nights doing homework…so having to wake up for that morning workout
would be kind of tough sometimes.
Another thing that students said prevented them from working out was what they had to give up
in order to work out. For some students, this thing is schoolwork, as already discussed, but for
some students, it is time they could be spending doing other things and also the temporary
inconvenience it causes their body. For John and Jacob, it is both of these. When asked if
working out was harder to prioritize after starting college, John said:
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Definitely yes because I have more free time, so I have to give up stuff that I want to do.
He said that he puts it last in his schedule because:
It’s just not fun at all. It’s really not.
Jacob said:
It’s definitely harder to prioritize because I guess you have so much free time that… you
just want to sit around and do nothing.
He also said:
Sometimes you are sacrificing your physical well-being, even though it sounds ironic,
because if you work out…you’re gonna be sore the next day, and it’s kind of miserable.
Both obviously find no enjoyment in working out, which can easily prevent them from doing it
altogether if their motivation is not rooted elsewhere. Research outside my sample of college
students indicates that a lack of motivation can definitely prevent college students from working
out, as well as other things taking priority over it as a result of the lifestyle changes that college
brings.
Where does the motivation to work out come from and why isn’t it evenly distributed?
Students responded differently when asked where their motivation to work out comes
from. Some students said they are driven by body image; ultimately, they do not want to be fat
and are motivated simply because that is what they risk if they do not do it. Some students are
motivated to stay in shape for their sport. Others said they get their motivation from their
teammates, coaches, and from within themselves. Grayson said:
Honestly, I find a lot of motivation from my teammates, trying to push me to be the best
that I can, and also find a lot of motivation from within myself to be better than
everybody else.
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Audrey said thinking of the long-term effects makes it easier for her, because some people quit
doing it when they do not see results as quickly as they hoped. She said:
I know it’s gonna pay off. I’m gonna get stronger and faster and at least just like look
good in general.
To go with where they get their motivation, students were also asked why they think this
motivation is not evenly distributed among the population of college students. Caroline
responded to this with:
It’s kind of like a loophole I guess you get caught in. Once you get out of habit of doing
something, then you just don’t have the motivation to do it, but if you have like a routine,
you do it everyday and it’s a lot easier.
Lucas agreed with this. He said:
It’s just something that’s hard to do if you haven’t started a routine for it.
Other students said that college students are just lazy and do not want to sacrifice the time that
they could spend on something else. One student, Haley, even said:
They don’t want to go to the gym and see people that they know because that could be
embarrassing for them.
The students in my sample provided various reasons as to why this motivation is lacking in some
students, which means there is not one specific reason college students do not work out. They
have many things fighting against their motivation, such as laziness, procrastination, homework,
and even the fear of seeing people they know at the gym. These responses match the ones in my
literature: that motivation comes from different sources and so does a lack of motivation. All of
this means that in order for more college students to feel inclined to work out, they must have a
consistent source of motivation that is stronger than the things that work against them.
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What could change college students’ minds about working out or motivate them to start working
out?
Students in my sample had several answers about how working out could be easier to
want to do. Mia said:
I feel like trying new stuff definitely would motivate me.
Audrey said that doing it in the morning before anything can interfere with trying to fit it in her
schedule makes it easiest for her. A lot of students said accountability and having someone to
workout with would be the biggest increase in motivation. Not only would they be letting
themselves down if they didn’t follow through with their plan to workout, but they would also be
letting down someone else. This would keep them accountable and eventually would make
working out seem like less of an optional task, as stated in my literature. Carson added:
It’d be easier I guess just to have a positive attitude. Just go into it confident that you’re
about to kill it.
Every student also said that planning their workouts ahead of time, before they get to the gym,
and even planning what days of the week they will workout before the week starts, make
working out much easier and less dreadful. Trying out some of these things could be just what a
college student needs to gain the motivation to include working out in their daily routine. The
less dreadful working out is, the easier it is to prioritize. Finding a workout partner, setting aside
times before the week starts, and even just having a positive attitude, go a long way when putting
a new habit into practice, especially one that can be so hard to have the motivation.
Recommendations
Based on my findings and previous research, working out is a dreadful task to the
majority of college students. They do not have the time or energy to dedicate to it on top of all
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the other things that demand their attention. When they do have free time, they prefer to hang out
with their friends or just relax, rather than taking that time to go workout. Although this is
reasonable, understandable, and sometimes necessary, working out does have proven benefits
that may make completing all their other activities easier. However, they may not experience this
if they do not try to start implementing it into their daily routine.
To make working out easier, students suggested having a workout partner. They said this
would make them more likely to do it because they would feel held accountable. Similar to this,
group fitness classes would be another form of accountability. If students have certain groups
they workout with at certain times during the week, they are more likely to show up than if they
are doing it on their own. Accountability was a theme seen across my sample. To aid in making
it easier for students to find someone like this, colleges could hold group fitness classes and sign-
ups for them. This would place students in an environment with other students who have similar
fitness goals, and they would be more likely to find someone in this setting to regularly workout
with. Colleges could also do a better job of promoting their workout facilities and planning
events involving them. Marketing their facilities to attract college students is a strategy probably
not seen at many schools, which could also be a possible reason more students are not using
them.
Making working out a priority by planning days before the week to workout, along with
having someone holding them accountable to follow through with their plan, is another thing that
could increase the numbers of physically active college students. It is hard to decide impulsively
to go workout if it is not already in the agenda for the day, so planning ahead of time will keep
students’ free time from being spent doing less beneficial things.
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Lastly, keeping a positive attitude and being open minded throughout the process of
seeing results is a big motivator, which means it should also be encouraged by school exercise
facilities. Results do not come after one workout, or even after a week of working out. The
process has to be consistently followed through to ever see results, so expecting immediate
results could be a factor that causes workout patterns to fall off. If gyms promoted keeping a
positive mindset, they would be creating a more positive environment that could make students
look forward to that part of their day. Open-mindedness is huge when developing a new habit,
especially one that takes time to learn to enjoy. Staying positive through the process and
knowing that every day gets a little better makes it easier to keep pushing through to the light at
the end of the tunnel. Working out is not an easy journey, but taking these steps along the way
make it just a little bit easier, which in the long run makes it all seem worthwhile.
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Works Cited
Barney, David C. & Higginson, Kelsey, "Student Voices for Why College Students Take
Physical Activity Classes when it is not Required for Graduation" (2017). All Faculty
Publications. 2057. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2057.
“Beating the Freshman 15.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/Patients-
Families/Health-Library/HealthDocNew/Beating-the-Freshman-15.
“Benefits of Physical Activity.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Jan. 2021,
www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm.
Chowdhury, Madhuleena Roy. “4 Ways to Improve And Increase Self-Efficacy.”
PositivePsychology.com, 12 Oct. 2020, positivepsychology.com/3-ways-build-self-
efficacy/.
Communications, NYU Web. “Physical Activity.” NYU, www.nyu.edu/life/safety-health-
wellness/live-well-nyu/priority-areas/physical-activity.html.
Davis, Monique. “The Importance of Staying Fit During Your College Experience.” The College
Post, 10 Mar. 2020, thecollegepost.com/exercise-nutrition-college/#:~:text=Exercise%20in
%20College&text=Exercise%20can%20improve%20and%20support,face%20on%20a
%20daily%20basis.
“Exercise.” Amherst College,
www.amherst.edu/campuslife/health-safety-wellness/counseling/self_care/exercise.
Guldin, Rebecca. “How Do College Students Stay Fit and Motivated?” Penn State University,
Penn State News, 23 Mar. 2014, news.psu.edu/story/313200/2014/04/23/campus-life/how-
do-college-students-stay-fit-and-motivated.
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Kim, Moo Song & Bradley J. Cardinal (2019) Differences in university students’ motivation
between a required and an elective physical activity education policy, Journal of
American College Health, 67:3, 207-
214, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07448481.2018.1469501.
Neubert, Amy Patterson. “College Students Working out at Campus Gyms Get Better Grades.”
Purdue University, 15 Apr. 2013, www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2013/Q2/college-
students-working-out-at-campus-gyms-get-better-grades.html.
“Physical Activity Reduces Stress.” Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA,
adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/other-related-conditions/stress/physical-
activity-reduces-st.
Plante, Thomas, et al. “Does Exercise Environment Enhance the Psychological Benefits of
Exercise for Women?” American Psychological Association,
psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2007-02741-006.pdf?
auth_token=57e53008f2b937b8ebef31ca6dbce05b8b7d94d8.
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Appendix A
Interview Guide
Discussion Guide
1. Introduction: I am doing a research project for my marketing class on the importance of

working out in college and college students’ attitudes/motivations for working out, or
lack thereof. I am collecting research to be used in my presentation, so there is no right
answer to any question. Different perspectives provide better insight to the entire
population of college students, so do not feel like you have to answer a certain way. This
interview will take 15-20 minutes and will be recorded for the purpose of the study, but
your name will be changed for your privacy.
2. Background: As someone who is passionate about working out, I chose to do my research
on this topic because I genuinely wanted to know what keeps more college students from
working out. It doesn’t seem like a concerning issue because it really does not affect
anyone except that person, so I wanted the purpose of my study not only to be for my
own knowledge, but also to identify ways to make working out seem easier and more
worthwhile.
Exercise Habits
3. Tell me about your work-out routine right now, in as much detail as possible.
(how often, where, better equipment/classes)
4. What are the benefits of working out? How do you feel after working out?
5. What do you have to give up to work out? (time, energy)
6. In an ideal world, how often would you work out and what types of work-outs would you
do?
7. Did you work out regularly prior to starting college?
a. If so, was it harder to prioritize after starting college than it was before?
b. Did your workout patterns change when you started college, or did they just carry
over? Have your workouts been consistent or fluctuating? (routine or when/if you feel
like it)
8. Do you find any significance in working out in college specifically, or is it no different
than any other time? Why or why not?
Motivation
9. Where do you get your motivation for working out? (What drives/inspires you?) OR Why
do you think some people don’t have the motivation to work out?
a. Is it harder to find the motivation some days than others?
b. Does working out increase your motivation to complete other activities?
10. Do you usually work out without hesitation (is it enjoyable?) or do you have to make
yourself do it/do it because you feel like you have to (which could result in skipping
workouts, inconsistent workout patterns)? *will readdress later*
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Prioritizing
11. Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts ahead of time?
a. If so, how far in advance do you plan your workouts? Do you make a workout
schedule/write your workouts down and does this make it easier?
12. How do you prioritize it in your schedule? (How do you keep from viewing it as
optional?) OR if not a priority, do you want it to be?
Making It Easier
13. If working out is dreadful/hard but you do it anyway, how could it be easier? If you don’t
do it at all, what could change your perspective/motivate you to start working out?
suggestions: more convenient location, cheaper gym fees, workout partner, planning
ahead, attending group fitness classes, hiring a trainer
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Appendix B
Sample Profile
Name Year Works out Is a college Major Lives on

regularly? athlete? Campus?
1 Mia Freshman Yes No Engineering Yes
2 Lucas Junior Yes Yes Business Yes
3 Audrey Freshman Yes Yes Education Yes
4 Grayson Freshman Yes Yes Undecided No
5 Haley Freshman No No Psychology Yes
6 Garrett Freshman Yes Yes Marketing No
7 Jacob Freshman Yes Yes Accounting Yes
8 John Freshman Yes Yes Business Yes
9 Carson Freshman Yes Yes Business Yes
10 Caroline Freshman No No Accounting No
11 Annie Freshman Yes Yes Accounting Yes
12 Emily Freshman No No Business Yes
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Appendix C
Interview Transcripts
Mia
Giles, Anna Beth 0:03

I'm doing a research project for my marketing class on the importance of working out in college,
and college students attitudes and motivations for working out, or lack thereof. I'm collecting
research to be used in our presentation. So there's no right answer to any question, different
perspectives provide better insight to the entire population of college students, I do not feel like
you have to answer a certain way, this interview will not take very long and will be recorded for
the purpose of the study, but your name will be changed for your proxy. Okay, as someone who
is passionate about working out, I chose to do my research on this topic because I genuinely
wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out, it doesn't seem like a
concerning issue because it does not affect anyone except the individual. So I wanted the purpose
of my study not only to be for my own knowledge but also to identify ways to make working out
same easier and more worthwhile. Okay, so what do you perceive to be the benefits of working
out.
Unknown Speaker 1:01

When I work out I sleep better at night, like after workout I feel good about myself, like I've got
more accomplished throughout the day.

Do you think there's any cost of working out. Like do you give up anything when you go to
workout.

No. Wait, what is that. Okay.

Just like me elaborate on that.

I mean if you wouldn't be here. Just like if you think there's any. Just like if you think there's any
cause of working out like energy you're like the next best thing you could be doing like you
could be doing something else would you have to spend your time like working out, you know,

why does that make sense, you could say no no yeah make sense. No, that's fine. Yeah, that's
good. Did you work out regularly prior to starting college

Giles 22
before I got into college I was an athlete, I played high school. I play sports all throughout high
school and I was always active, and coming to college, I was active as well.

Okay so then you kind of already answered but was it harder to prioritize, like fitting in workouts
after you started college and had a different schedule, or like was it harder than it was before,
was it like about the same. Oh, yeah.

Um,

wait can you ask that again, like was it harder to prioritize working out after starting

college than it was before.

It was definitely harder because every other time like I was working out, it was like practice or
something that was mandatory, so it was harder for me to like, Okay, you need to go work out
today make time for it. Yeah,

maintain now that the season's over, do you find any significance in working out like during
college specifically or do you think it's no different than any other time and why or why not.

I don't think it's different than in the other time I just feel like a lot of college students are afraid
of gaining like the freshman 15 or whatever.

Okay, so where do you get your motivation for working out like what inspires you to want to
work out.

I see some of my friends like go into workout together and it makes me think maybe I should go
do the same like I need to get off my bed I stopped watching Netflix like go do something. Yeah.

Why do you think some people have no motivation to work out, especially during college.

It's hard after you, you go to class all day and then you're like okay now I need to study I need to
go to the library I need to get study hours and then you come back and you're just like your brain
is dead, and you just want to lay around but you have to be like okay, no I need to go work out.
Giles 23

Okay, so that's kind of already been answered. Is it harder to find the motivation on some days
than others. Well like, or is it the same every day or like some days you don't feel like doing and
sometimes you

on the weekends I really don't want to do, I think, weekends are my free time I don't want to
spend my weekend working out, But I'll probably should be working out.

Does working out increase your motivation to complete other activities.

Yeah, after our workout I'm like okay I need to go get some more stuff going like I feel
energized I know that sounds weird like no I didn't know that, like after you work out you get
tired and you want to go do more stuff but I feel a lot like my endorphins are up or whatever and
I'm like I let's go get more stuff done.

Is it enjoyable for you or do you have to make yourself do it, are you doing, cuz you feel like you
have to, which could result in like not doing it basically.

I did more because I have to but sometimes like after I do it I'm like I'm glad I did it and like I
can look back and be like, oh I actually enjoyed that but every time I do a workout I'm having to
make myself go workout. Yeah,

it's hard to get up and do it.

Okay, and then this is about prioritizing it, and how to like what can make it easier for you as a
college student to prioritize working out. Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your
workouts ahead of time like instead of just getting in the gym and thinking of what you want to
day like if you already know you're going to do when you get there. Is that easier.

Yeah, it's easier for me because I can plan out like kind of how much time I'm going to be at the
gym and when I can fit that into my day, but sometimes I do go to the gym and just find random
workouts to do.

And how do you prioritize it in your schedule, like, like do you plan, like before the weight do
you like set out every day you're gonna work out like sometimes I have to do that like I'll be like,
okay, Monday Wednesday Friday I'm gonna run and like the other days, or do you just like, day
by day,
Giles 24

sometimes at the beginning of the week, I'm like, You need to work out at least like three days,
three or four. Like if I can hit those I'm good and sometimes if I do that I'll even go far, but it's
not like I sit down Sundays and be like okay, you need to get these

right now. Yeah, it's

more like you need to at least try to go a certain amount.

Okay and then this is the last question. So if working out is dreadful. But you do it anyways.
How could it be easier like and then some examples or like if there was a more convenient place
or like cheaper phase but that I guess that doesn't apply to college students. So if you like have
somebody to work out with if you plan ahead if you go to like a class so that you're not having to
like make yourself do it but like somebody else is telling you what to do or if you like how to
trainer,

like what what are why is it going to be easier yeah

like would any of those, like, make you more motivated or make working out easier for you to
like look forward to.

I feel like trying new stuff definitely would motivate me because we got those like peloton things
in striplin I’m like so excited to get to try those out. And there's just something new for me so I
feel like trying new things and doing new workouts would be a big motivator.

Yeah.
Lucas

I'm doing a research project for my marketing class on the importance of working out in college
and college students attitudes and motivations for working out or lack of. I'm collecting research
to be used in my presentation so there is no right answer to any question, different perspectives
provide better insight to the entire population of college students, so do not feel like you have to
answer a certain way. This interview will take about 15 minutes and will be recorded for the
purpose of the study, if that's okay. But your name will be changed for your privacy. So the
background of my study is, as someone who works out, I chose to do my research on this topic
because I genuinely wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out. It
Giles 25
doesn't seem like a major concerning issue because it really only affects that individual. So I
wanted the purpose of my study not only to be for my own knowledge, but also to identify ways
to make working out seem easier and more worthwhile. So what do you perceive to be the
benefits of working out, and the cost if you think there are any costs?

I don't really think there's a cost of working out. the benefits, is to look better, and to feel better
mentally. I feel like people who work out more tend to be better off mentally than people who
don't work out.

So did you work out regularly prior to starting college.

Yes, I did.

So when you got to college was it harder to prioritize.

It was a little harder to prioritize because you have schoolwork and other things you have to deal
with, but just got to make time for it.

So did your workout patterns change when you started college or did they just carry over like
have they been consistent, or just when you feel like it.

They've changed a little. It's not more of like working out because I have free time, it's not as
consistent as I used to be because I just do it whenever I have free time. But if I don't have free
time then I don't work out.

Do you find any significance in working out in college, specifically, or do you think it's no
different than any other time and why

I don't think it's any different than the other time.

So, where do you get your motivation for working out like what inspires you to work out.

I don't really have an inspiration to workout as far as external sources, it's just all like internally
how I feel. And what I want to be at. So that's how I, that's why I work out.
Giles 26

What do you think some people don't work out like they have no motivation,

like anything, it's just hard to start, because if you don't start like working out and you're not
doing it like as a routine, then you won't want to do it. It's just something that's hard to do if you
haven't like started a routine for it.

Is it different every day like is it harder to find the motivation on some days than others.

It's definitely harder to find motivation on some days than others because like anything you do in
life, you're not going to be motivated to do it every day, but you got to find something that gets
you up and still makes you go and do it, no matter if you're motivated or not.


Yes, I mean if I don't work out, I feel like slow and groggy all day but when I do work out I feel
refreshed.

Is it enjoyable for you, or do you have to make yourself do it like you dread it.

I'm actually dread going through the workouts but once I'm started, and once I'm getting into it
actually love it.

Why do you think that is

I mean just like, it's kind of, I mean because working out it's not a fun thing to do, really. But
once you actually start like doing it and you can feel changes and you can feel things going on

Yeah. Okay. Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts in advance.

It's a lot easier to work out when you plan your workouts, because then you have to stick to your
schedule, and you kind of know what's going on, instead of just going off impulses and trying to
just figure it out,

Giles 27
Do you they make a schedule when you go work out how far ahead of time, and like do you
write it down or like do you plan like before the week like when you need to work out and stuff.

I say a few days ahead of time, like for workout schedule I'll try to go three times a week, and I'll
just focus on different thing every time I go and work out.

Okay so this is about the overall purpose of the study, if it's hard for you but you do it anyways
like how could it be easier. I can give examples if you need. And if you, if you don't really do it
like, how do you feel like you could increase your motivation or your perspective to make you
want to, to make it more enjoyable.

Well, like, for me, working out is kind of part of like other things in life, because people say
motivation for things, I don't really necessarily believe in motivation because motivation comes
and goes, so you don't always feel motivation. It's more of like a passion and like, like, wanting
to improve yourself and seeing improvements that make you like keep wanting to workout, and
do it like your set times like every other day.

Okay, that is all. Thank you.
Audrey

and college students motivations and attitudes for working out or lack of. I'm collecting research
to be used in my presentation so there's no right answer to any question, different perspectives
answer a certain way, this interview will take less than 30 minutes and will be recorded for the
purpose of the study, but your name will be changed for your privacy. So the background of my
study is I chose to do my research on working out because I wanted to know what keeps more
college students from working out, it doesn't seem too concerning because it only affects that one
person, so I wanted the purpose of this study to not only be for my own knowledge but also to
identify ways to make working out seem easier and more worthwhile. Okay so now I have a few
questions about like exercise habits. So what do you perceive to be the benefits of working out,
and costs. If you think there are any?

Well, benefits, you stay in shape like you don't, you're not overweight and stuff. And I think like,
it puts me in a better mental state, like because I really enjoy working out.

Major. So did you work out regularly prior to starting college.
Giles 28

Yes.

If so, was it harder to prioritize after starting college.

I feel like I had more free time in college because like high school you had to have classes like
8am to 3pm every single day and then you had like, if you're an athlete you had practices maybe
two or three hours after school then you had to work in homework, and then also work out on
your own but college like you have to plan your schedule and like either workout in the morning
before your classes or in between classes or at night after all your classes are over. I feel like
there's more free time.

So did your workout patterns change when you started college. Like have you been consistently
working out or does it do you just like do it when you want to or is it like a routine for you?

I've kind of stayed the same where I've worked out a little bit more because I play college
basketball. So, yeah, either the same or I workout more like good incorporating practices and
lifting.

For sure. So you find any significance in working out during the college time specifically or do
you think it's no different than like any other time in your life

I do think like, I take a lot of naps now, and I do lay down a lot, and I do get lazy so I think
working out is really important in college, especially when you have like a room to yourself
where you can just go show whenever, And you don't have as many classes so you're not out and
about as much so you have like more free time to either rest or like go do something.

And for me, like college, like it, you're developing habits that are going to carry over for the rest
of your life so like you're building those habits now, so to me that's important. Where do you get
your motivation for working out?

I guess I've always just really enjoyed working out but I know like it's gonna pay off eventually.
Like, even if I'm not seeing like results like the same week of a workout that's really hard. I know
it's gonna pay off I'm gonna get like stronger and faster at least just like look good in general.

Why do you think this motivation is not evenly distributed.
Giles 29

I think some people don't see the long term effects as easily, like when they first start working
out they're not thinking long term and like maybe like two weeks into it, they're like, oh boy I
lost this many pounds or I'm only lifting this month and they're not really thinking like, how it's
gonna pay off they keep at it.

Is it harder to find the motivation, some days than others.

Yes, especially when my time management ends up sucking during like a week or a couple of
weeks span data and a lot of stuff powers up and I'm like well I still need to work out but I have
all this homework I need to do first and then I get really down on myself and I go like for so
long.

Yeah, does working out increase your motivation to complete other activities.

Yeah, I definitely feel better, like when I first like start my day working out like I feel like if I
wake up early and get it over with. Then I feel good for the rest of day like I've already
accomplished something to start the day off.

Is it enjoyable, or do you feel like you have to make yourself do it.

I really enjoy it. I do.

That's good. Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts out ahead of time,
like before you get to, like, the gym or

Yes, most definitely. I think it's a lot better to plan it out beforehand so you like can check off
things as you go, or like already see what you have planned for the day rather than just like
walking around the gym or, yeah, I'm just going to run, I guess I'll run until I feel like I don't
want to run anymore, or I'll do this since this machines open, or whatever.

Do you like plan, like when you say you do plan your workouts ahead of time like do you make
a schedule like before the week of like, I need to work out like this day, this day, this day are like
does it just, like, how far in advance I guess like do you make a weekly schedule or like, write it
down or what.

Giles 30
Mine's probably like more day to day so like when I'm going to work out that day I make like a
workout plan that day, but for the most part, like I already know what days I'm going to be free
in the week, and so then on that day I just plan out what I'm going to do.

How do you prioritize it in your schedule, I mean you already said you have like more free time
so it's easier to prioritize now, but like how do you keep yourself from viewing it as optional and
like basically make yourself go do it, when you do have that free time.

Yeah, I made sure like the majority of my schoolwork gets done so like working out doesn't
cause me to be like more stressed about school with anything like once I have a lot of
schoolwork down like I'm going to go work out because I think it'll make me feel like a lot better
about stuff. But yeah, I mean it's never been like a problem for me to like keep working out as a
priority, and like just staying active a priority for me.

Yeah, me too. So then this question might not like apply to you but this is for like the purpose of
my study. So like, if it's not like really dreadful or hard for you but like some people it is hard to
do so like how do you think it could be easier. Like a lot of college students like who just don't
work out because you know there's other things to do. Yeah, like what do you think, how do you
think that could be easier.

I think one of the best things would be to get it done early in the morning before your classes.
For the rest of your day because like you never know what could come and be like, Oh, I had this
homework assignment I can't work out anymore, my friends asked me to go hang out tonight I
can't go work out anymore so if you get it done in the morning, you most likely wouldn't have
any other plans getting in the way of that and so then you get it out of the way at the beginning of
the day and like you feel a lot better, having done it early.

Okay. That is all. Thank you.
Grayson

I'm doing a research project for my marketing class on the importance of working out during
college, and college students attitudes about working out and so I'm collecting research for my
presentation so there's no right answer to any question, different perspectives provide better
insight to the entire population of college students. Don't feel like you have to answer a certain
way. It won't take long and I will record it if that's okay. But your name will be changed for your
privacy. So I chose to do my research on working out because I wanted to know what keeps
more college students from working out. And the purpose of my study is to also identify ways to
make it seem easier and more worthwhile. So, what do you perceive to be the benefits of
working out, and the costs?
Giles 31

Well, it keeps you in shape, and it definitely makes you stronger in it. In reality keeps you
healthy, in whatever sport it is that you're playing.

So did you work out regularly before college?

I did, yeah.

When you got to college was it harder to prioritize than it was before.

Um, I wouldn't say it was harder, but are not harder to prioritize but it was harder to find the
motivation. You know there's a lot of late nights doing homework and stuff in college so having
to wake up early for that morning workout would be kind of tough sometimes

Did your workout patterns change when you started college, or did they just carry over?

They changed a little bit like there was a point where I was. I'm more of a night lifter, and there
was a point in time where I was working out in the mornings is really hard for me to wake up
and actually go over there and do the workout like full speed.

Do you find any significance in working out in college, specifically, or do you feel like it's no
different than any other time?

It's no different.

Okay. Where do you get your motivation for working out?

Um, honestly I find a lot of motivation from my teammates, trying to push me to be the best that
I can, and also find a lot of motivation within myself to be better than everybody else.

Why do you think some people don't have the motivation to workout?

Giles 32
I mean it's a lot of time and energy being spent in the weight room and I feel like some people
just don't care enough about their sport to go in there and actually try.


Yes, it definitely is.

Does working out increase your motivation to complete other activities?

Yeah, cuz working out like once you finish a workout gives you the sense of completion and it's
really a morale booster. So it makes doing other activities a lot easier.

Is it enjoyable or do you make yourself do it like because you feel like you have to, or do you
actually enjoy it?

I enjoy working out, but if I'm given a set time then I'll drag it until then, but if I have the choice
to choose what time I workout, it makes it a lot easier.

So these are about like prioritizing working out. Do you find it easier to work out when you plan
your workouts ahead of time?

Yes.

So like how do you plan your workouts or do you like have scheduled workouts with your sport
or

oh yeah we were given options to schedule what's how we want to work out, and I'll do mine
based off of, when I'm not in class or when I might be done with homework,

How do you prioritize it in your schedule

just like I do it around, doing homework and out of class and stuff.

Giles 33
If working out is dreadful or hard for you but you do it anyways. How could it be easier, and
like, what do you think could change, like other college students perspectives or motivate them
to start working out.

I think if they were able to see the end result. I don't know how to say that if you were able to sit
and see what you would look like after you were done working out for a while, I think that would
motivate a lot of people.

Okay, well that is everything
Haley

and college students motivations for working out or lack of. I'm collecting research for my
presentation. So there's no right answer to any question, different perspectives provide better
insight to the entire population of college students, so don't feel like you have to answer a certain
way, it will not take very long and will be recorded for the purpose of the study, but your name
will be changed for your privacy. So the background of my study is I chose to do my research on
working out because I wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out. And
the purpose of my study is not only for my own knowledge but also to identify ways to make
working out seem easier and more worthwhile. So, what do you perceive to be the benefits of
working out and the cost, if you think there are any

The benefits of working out are you become healthy and in shape and, you release endorphins
when you work out that make you happier and you sweat out any toxins in your body, and it just
makes you feel healthier, and it makes your brain more awake so you can get more stuff done.

That's a really good answer. Okay, so these are about lightning here, like exercising habits. Did
you work out regularly prior to starting college,

I did because I was on the basketball team. And then I quit.

Okay, so was it harder to prioritize after starting college.

Yes, it

was before.
Giles 34

Why do you think,

I think, I'm not playing a sport and also I'm more focused on like studying, and like my free time
that I have, I want to focus it on more like leisure activities like watching Netflix instead of
going to work out.

Yeah. So your did your workout patterns change when you started college who already said they
did. Okay, do you find any significance in working out during college specifically or do you
think it's no different than any other time.

Um, I think the significance and working on college is very important because you're sitting in a
chair all day, and doing homework and you need to get up and get active and get your brain
going, and the freshman 15 is real.

Okay, why do you think some people don't have the motivation to workout,

because the they don't want to go to the gym and see people like that they know, because that
could be embarrassing for them. They just don't want to be seen and also they just don't want to
get up and go because they're gonna blame it on their like, academics and stuff, not much their
workload is.

Do you think it's harder to find the motivation, some days than others.

Yes, I do.


Yes, because when I wake up and workout I'm like okay, now I can take on the world.

Do you enjoy working out or like when you do it you feel like you have to do, you dread it

when I am there and I'm working out, I enjoy it, but then like when I tire myself out I'm like okay
I'm done. Yeah.
Giles 35

This is about like, prioritizing working out. Do you find it easier to work out when you like plan
your workouts before you get there.

Like when I plan the time to go,

Yeah, or like when you plan what you're going to do.

Oh, I think, I think that's easier to do. Yeah.

And how do you like prioritize it. Like, like, if you work out like how do you make time for it.

Oh, if like when I think of a day that I don't have enough homework, or like, I don't have
homework that that much homework, and I do it also depends on the day like if I wake up I'm
like, Oh, I feel like up to working out so that I do it just kind of like on the whim. Okay.

So, if it's dreadful, like for you to go work out how do you think it could be easier like if you had
somebody to go with or stuff like that, yeah, if you don't like what could change your perspective
about it.

Oh yeah I dread it, but like it would be easier if I could, like, have someone to go with because
they'll also like support me and motivate me because it's also more fun to have someone like that

It definitely is. Okay.
Garrett

and college students attitudes and motivations for working out or lack of. I'm collecting research
for my presentation so there's no right answer to any question. different perspectives provide
better insight to the entire population of college students, so do not feel like you have to answer a
certain way. This will take between 15 and 20 minutes and will be recorded for the purpose of
the study, but your name will be changed for your privacy. So I chose to do my research on
working out, because I wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out. It
doesn't seem like a concerning issue because it doesn't really affect anyone except that
individual. So the purpose of my study is not only for my own knowledge, but also to identify
Giles 36
ways to make working out seem easier and more worthwhile. So tell me about your workout
routine in as much detail as you can, like, your workout routine.

Yeah, so I'm on the track team so we'll practice from three to 515 and then right after we practice
we go straight into working out on Mondays and Wednesdays and Fridays. Normally we work
out for about an hour and then me and my workout partner will stay after everybody's gone and
then do some more workouts in case like we didn't get enough pump.

Okay, so what are the benefits of working out.

The ultimate benefit of working out is like it keeps you healthy keeps you in shape. Really like
that's the only like main benefit of working out is to live a healthy lifestyle.

So how do you feel after you work out,

depending on the day, nobody really likes leg day so I mean I feel like energized. But at the same
time, it's like tiring feels like you can't really move your body if you do a good.

What do you have to give up to work out.

Time, a lot of the time like you have to prioritize your homework and your schoolwork, so that
you can have time to work out.

In an ideal world, how often would you work out and what type of workouts, would you do

in an ideal. I would track it, you

could do as you want.

I did not have track I just do what I want I would work out every day. What type of workouts. I
would just, I gotta just obliterate my body and, go on for hours I'd go legs for hours. And then,
that's it, just everyday, all day every day.

So did you work out regularly prior to starting college.
Giles 37

Yeah, I went to a high school where working out, was a really big thing for us like they always
wanted us to stay in shape. So being on the football team that was kind of a big deal for Dell
every day.

Was it harder to prioritize after starting college than it was before. Maybe if you didn't run track
or something like if you didn't have to work out.

I mean yeah it was definitely hard to prioritize because of how much schoolwork, there is in
college versus how much there is in high school, that's like the main problem that I have is
making time to do your schoolwork and making time to work out.

Does your workout patterns change when you started college or did they just carry over heavier
workouts being consistent or fluctuating.

No, they never changed, like I still have the same workout days that I like to do, and like the
same pattern of days where I like to work out arms and legs.

Do you find any significance in working out in the college period specifically or do you think it's
no different than any other time in your life, why or why not.

I don't really think there's a huge difference in the timeline because I mean working out is
working out whether you do it in high school or whether you do it in college.

Yeah. Okay. Where do you get your motivation for working out like what inspires you to work
out.

Um, I mean, I've kind of always like I've worked out like since I was little, so I mean I guess the
motivation would be just to get stronger and look better and have a better lifestyle than like what
most people do who don't work out,

Why do you think some people don't have this motivation.

I mean, there's many different reasons to why people don't want to work out or why people can't
work out. I think the main reason is that they, they just are too lazy and don't want to get up and
Giles 38
have to sacrifice the time of day where they could be doing something else. Well, rather than
working out.

Yeah. Is it harder to find the motivation, some days than others.

Absolutely, there's, there's a lot of days where you may, I mean, have tons of schoolwork have
tons of outside responsibilities, other than working out but if you're truly like motivated then
working out will be one of your top priorities, alongside with all of your work.


Yes. I mean, if you think about it like your other activities can be just as motivating as working
out can be, whether it comes from schoolwork or just any other extracurricular activity.

So do you usually work out like is it enjoyable game do without hesitation or do you dread it.

No, I mean I go into the gym, by everyday super pumped and ready to go. I mean honestly, it's,
it's probably the best part of my day other than going to sleep.

Okay, Do you find it easier to work out when you have your workouts planned ahead of time.

Yeah, knowing what you're wanting to do and like what mostly specifically want to work on.
Before going into the gym, always helps because it's really hard to come up with a workout as
you're already in the gym because then you'll just be distracted and it's just bad to do.

So how far in advance do you plan your workouts do you like make a schedule, write down, and
does that make it easier for you.

I mean everybody does it differently with planning their workouts, me personally, always do it
the day before the workout so I'll put it in my phone in my notes and study so that way I don't
have to be on my phone while I'm working out all the time because like a big pet peeve for a lot
of people who work out is I go into the gym and having somebody to just sit on their phone the
whole time. So I think it's good to make a schedule in advance of what you want to do and study
that schedule so you know what to do whenever you get to the gym.

Giles 39
So how do you fit, how do you prioritize working out in your schedule. And how do you keep
from viewing it as optional.

Well I mean being like a collegiate athlete it's not optional for me at least, because, you know
like we have certain workout days that we have to attend to. But then, on the days that like we
don't have a sound workouts. I mean, my workout partner will still go up to Striplin to workout,
and it's like once you have like a love for working out, it's never optional it's always, you got one
gotta go.

So I guess it's not dreadful or hard for you but if it was, like, how do you think it could be easier
for like other college students who it's just dreadful for.

I mean I feel like if it is dreadful to be you just have to find someone or something to motivate
you to keep you going and like to keep like give you an error here, like all of a sudden like you
got it like just motivate you to keep going push forward. Okay, accountability, yeah, that's all.
Jacob

and college students attitudes and motivations for working out or lack of I'm collecting research,
these are my presentation so there's no right answer to any question, different perspectives
provide better insight to the entire population of college students, I do not feel like you have to
answer a certain way, this interview will take 15 to 20 minutes and will be recorded for the
purpose of the study, but your name will be changed. I chose to do my research on working out
because I wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out, although it really
does not affect anyone except the individual. I wanted the purpose of my study not only to be for
my own knowledge but also to identify ways to make working hours easier and more
worthwhile. So tell me about your workout routine right now and as much like okay your
workout routine like now and as much detail as possible.

So my workout routine right now is usually three or four times a week, in the early afternoon.
Usually around 330 or 345 After I'm done with classes and after I've eaten lunch. Just because I
have a lot of free time towards the end of my day. Usually when I work out. Yeah.

What are the benefits of working out, and how do you feel after you do

the benefits of working out, it keeps me in shape. I feel like not only like a physical, but like it
helps me mentally. It's kind of like clear space for me after I workout I feel like more
Giles 40
accomplished for my day. I feel like I'm doing something like progressive that's gonna benefit
me. That's usually how I feel after work.

What do you have to give up to work

out. Um,

you have to give up time. I feel like that's the biggest thing. And like, sometimes you are
sacrificing like your physical like well being, even though it sounds ironic, because like, if you
work out, I guess properly like you're gonna be sore the next day, and it's kind of miserable. And
then you're giving a time that you can you know use to be relaxing or you know, hanging out
with friends. In order to workout.

In an ideal world, how often would you work out and what types of workouts, would

you do in the ideal world I'd be working out five to six days a week. Just when I feel like when
I'm doing that like, that's when I feel like in the best shape.

What was the second part of the question like types of workouts.

Usually like strength oriented like heavyweights and then extended with cardia, stuff like that.

Did you work out regularly prior to starting college.

Yes, I've always worked out regularly for the past four or five years now.

Was it harder to prioritize after you got to college.

It's definitely harder to prioritize, because you. I guess you have so much free time that like,
sometimes you don't like plan anything. You just want to like sit around and do nothing, but like
in high school like I was a lot busier so I only had like a certain amount of time I could work out
so like I have that like in my schedule for the day. But in college, it's just like kind of worked out
whatever type thing.

Giles 41
Do you find any significant in working out during college, specifically, or do you think it's no
different than any other time. Why or do you find any significant in working out during college.

Yeah, I do. I feel like college is a time where a lot of people are just doing nothing and you're
trying to find your way, feel like working out, adds a sense of consistency to schedule, which is
something that a lot of people need or struggle with is consistency and like time management and
I feel like that definitely helps throughout. So I feel like it's definitely important, maybe like
working out is a big thing that like everyone kind of needs to do like stay in shape physically and
mentally. So, definitely having that on your schedule is really beneficial.

Where do you get your motivation for working out.

My motivation comes from just my overall like well being. If I don't work out I know that I'm
going to feel like slower, more sluggish throughout my day. And like my physical appearance
isn't gonna be like, they'll start to get like fat or all that if I don't work out so that's kind of my
motivation is to not let that happen.

So like if it only has, like, those kind of benefits, why do you think some people don't

have the motivation, because not everyone's motivated to do what is best for them, people are
lazy.

Is it harder for you to find the motivation, some days than others

100%

You already said this but it is working out increase your motivation to complete other activities.

Yeah, say, working out increases my productivity for the day. I feel like if I don't work out or I
don't do anything productive or like if I skip a workout that I was like really wanting to do or like
planning to do and then just got too lazy and do it. I feel like the whole day is like a wash and
then like, if I had something planned later in that day I might not do it either.

Do you usually work out without hesitation. Like is it enjoyable, or do you have to make
yourself do
Giles 42

it depends on the day, most of the time I have motivation to. And other times, I have to kind of
convince myself to get out of that, to go do it. But most of the time I'd say I already optimization.

Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts, ahead of time.

What do you mean by like plan my workout,

I mean, I guess, like, you have workouts if you workout with the strength coach but like, instead
of just like getting to like your workout facility and then deciding what you're going to do like if
you already haven't planned when you go in there. Does that make it easier for you to like, oh, to
get a workout yeah,

having a schedule and like having a set. I guess like summary of what I'm going to do that day
definitely helps because you spend less time like trying to decide like what you're going to do
next then already having it scheduled and planned out.

So how do you prioritize it in your schedule. How do you keep from being is optional.

In order to like keep it from being optional I mean I just a lot of times I look at like the negatives
that are gonna happen. Like someone else is always working, and you either get better you get
worse, and that's kind of how I look at it. And I just feel lazy and unproductive I don't work out
or skip a workout for that fact, I guess. So that's kind of, it's kind of all I really need is that,

I guess it's not hard for you tonight dreadful free but if it was like How could working out be
easier if it was dreadful. And how do you think it could be easier for like other people who don't
have the motivation.

It doesn't. If you don't have the motivation, you're not gonna want to do it and then you're not
gonna accomplish it. You have to find the motivation within yourself to want to do it. I mean,
life is tough. So find that motivation, then you're not going to accomplish anything you want.

Okay, that's all.
John

Giles 43
Okay, tell me about your workout routine.

I work out three days a week with Coach Bowen and coach Bowen puts the workouts together
for me so he kind of makes the routine. Okay.

Okay, so what do you think are the benefits of working out and how do you feel after you work
out.

Um, I feel like it helps physically and mentally positively. And after a workout. Honestly, I don't
feel very good. You know, I kind of feel sick to my stomach. Most of time I drove workout.
Okay.

What do you think you have to give up to workout.

I feel like I have to give up being lazy, because I always want to be lazy with how we have to get
up and workout with Coach Bowen. I feel like I have to give up just not drinking water, Because
you have to drink a bunch of water and just time, I guess,

In an ideal world, how often would you work out and what types of workouts, would you do.

Ideally, like three days a week. And I would just do. I would change up what I do per day and do
like my whole body probably.

Did you work out regularly prior to starting college.

Yes.

Was it harder to prioritize after you've gotten off to college.

Definitely yes because I have more free time so I have to like give up stuff that I want to do. You
know I'm saying.

Yeah. Did your workout patterns change when you started college or do they just carry
Giles 44

No they definitely changed. Now I work out like the middle of the day, instead of in the
morning. Day, I suppose, we have to look back. I don’t like it.

Do you find any significance in working out during college specifically or do you think it's no
different than any other time.

Well, I don't feel like it’s that different. Just well I just feel like once you get in the weight room
and you start working out, it doesn't matter what you're where you're working out, you're just
working out. Is that a bad answer what you want me to say

No, that’s fine. Where do you get your motivation for working out,

say definitely from Coach Bowen. He definitely motivates me. And I'd say the rest is internal.
Okay.

Why do you think some people don't have the motivation.

It's just not fun at all. It's really not.

Is it harder to find motivation, some days than others,

definitely some days when you stay up late, or you're just feeling lazy, it's definitely harder to
find motivation


Um, I think he kind of does I feel like when I workout I feel good and then I just end up doing
other stuff too

do you usually work out without hesitation like do you enjoy it. Do you have to make yourself
do it, or you do it because you feel like you have to,

Giles 45
because depends on the day, like some days I definitely made myself do it, and then some days I,
I'm like I like let's go. Yeah, yeah.

Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts. You already said that. Yeah.
Yeah. How do you prioritize working out in your schedule.

Um, it's, it's the last, like if I put it where, like, if I don't have class, if I don't have anything like
that's when I work out, like after homework.

How do you keep from viewing it is optional.

Move it's hard not to. It's hard not to. But I'd so what I try to do is I sign up for the times ahead of
time, because then I make it not optional. Like if I wait, then I'll make it optional.

If working out is dreadful but you do it anyways, or what, how do you think it could be easier

if we, if we did more workouts but less intensity was that it was that good. Yeah, I thought I did
pretty good answers. Yeah, that was good. It was fine.
Carson

okay, I'm doing my research on working out. Okay so tell me about your workout routine.

We're now working out three times a week, with the football team strength coach. And yeah, we
go work out three times a week

What do you think are the benefits of working out.

I think it's good for your overall physical well being, as long as you're as long or as well as your
overall mental well being. It's good for your mind and body.

Yeah. How do you feel afterwards.

Giles 46
I feel pretty good. It's like you know you get a little high for it now that your adrenaline's
pumping. I usually feel pretty good after workout.

What do you have to give up to workout,

usually sleep, like, usually if I wasn't working out, I'd probably be taking a nap.

In an ideal world, how often would you workout and what kind of workouts, would you do

I'd probably work out like four times a week, including the weekend. Ideal workout would
probably include, legs, arms, pretty much be a full body workout every day.

Did you work out regularly before college.

Yeah, like over quarantine. I worked out probably four days a week. So I worked out before I got
here.

Is it harder to prioritize after you got here.

Now it's probably easier because here you have to you have to sign up for like times to do it,
accountable but back home, just like making the workout.

Did your workout patterns change when you got to college or did they just carry over.

But definitely change we first got here because, like, Corona, but not only thing that I change me
working out four times she said three times, so just one less day. And the workouts I did look
good.

Do you find any significance in working out during college specifically or do you think it's no
different. Like do you think it's important to work out like while you're in college.

I mean yeah you probably should work out. And you pretty much get no form of exercise in
college. Just sit on your phone and go to class. I think working out is important,
Giles 47

where do you get your motivation for working out,

usually from like pre workout. Usually just urge you to like, want to do it.

Why do you think some people don't have the motivation to work out

because they're lazy. They just don't want to do it.


Yeah, for sure, like if I have to workout. Right, like back to back from me getting out of class, I
really don't want to just show up a little bit but sometimes just go get it done.

Does working out increase your motivation to complete other activities

I'm gonna say sometimes yes, sometimes, no sometimes I'll be in like a really good mood after
working out feel good when I get stuff done but some days I'm just really tired and I feel like a
transfer energy national like late around sleep after workout.

Do you enjoy working out or do you make yourself.

Both Oh, first of all I have to do it so I don't have any other choice but most time I enjoy working
out, like little escape from school during the day, I guess.

Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts ahead of time.

We workout for three days a week I usually work out Monday Wednesday Friday so just
knowing when it's gonna happen and I like to have off days in between. Makes it a little easier.

How do you prioritize it in your schedule, you have to do it so, if working out is dreadful for you
but you do anyway, like how could it be easier.

Giles 48
It'd be easier I guess just to have like a positive attitude so you can’t go into it thinking like oh
this is gonna suck this can be so hard, you can't get it, just go into it confident that you're about to
kill it.
Caroline

and college students attitudes and motivations for working out or lack thereof. I'm collecting
research to be used in my presentation so there is no right answer to any question, different
perspectives provide better insight to the entire population of college students, so do not feel like
you have to answer a certain way, this interview will take 15 to 20 minutes I'll be recorded for
the purpose of this study, but your name will be changed for your privacy. So I chose to do my
research on this topic because I'm genuinely interested to know what keeps more college students
from working out. So the purpose of my study is not only for my own knowledge but also to
identify ways to make working out seem easier and more worthwhile. So if you have one tell me
about your current workout routine, and as much detail as possible.

I do not have a current workout routine.

That's fine, that's better for differences in the population. So what do you think are the benefits of
working out.

It keeps you in better shape and it keeps you more energized so you have energy to do other
things.

So how do you feel after you work out.

I feel a lot better I feel very accomplished. Like, I can do more with my day.

That's good.
What do you have to give up to workout,

I don't have a lot of off time, so I would have to ask off work, I would have to ask off days from
work, and I would have to give up study hours.

Did you work out regularly before you started college.
Giles 49

Yes.

So you said you don't work out anymore. No. So, how, was it harder to prioritize after starting
college than it was before my just elaborate on why

before I started college I played sports in high school so we had a designated time every day
during school where we would work out. And so I really like I didn't mind working out but I had
no other choice. So I had a certain time during the day where I was supposed to workout.

Okay, so your workout patterns did change when you started college.
Do you think it is important to work out during college, specifically, like do you find any
significance in working out during the college time of your life, specifically, or do you think it's
no different than any other job.

I think it's important to work out during college, because, like this is the time where our bodies
walk we're the most healthy probably the most, like the problem of our life. And so I think this is
like the main time, you need to work out so you stay healthy and you get to carry the health into
your later years.

Okay so, says where do you get your motivation for working out

properly, like my body image. That's the way. Like that's what motivates me, when I do work
out.

Why do you think some people don't have the motivation to workout.

It's kind of like a loophole I guess you get caught in like, once you get out of habit of doing
something and then you just don't have the motivation to do it but if you have like a routine. You
do it every day and it's a lot easier but

for sure. So is it harder to find the motivation, some days than others.

Yes, for sure.
Giles 50


Yes.

Do you usually work out without hesitation like do you enjoy or do you have to make yourself
do it, do it because you feel like you have to

do it definitely because I feel like I have to, like, I don't mind going on walks and stuff but that's
not like a hardcore workout isn't like legit work.

Do you think you would find it easier to work out if you planned workouts ahead of time and
like workout days like if you said days before the weight started that you were going to try to
work out like how do you,

oh yeah I think it's a lot easier to do if you have if you're planning on going to do it.

How did you or, ideally, how would you prioritize it in your schedule.

I would say it's pretty important. I would probably rank it higher on my list of things to do. I just
don't have the time. I would like for it to be higher up on the list than it is.

Okay, In an ideal world, how often would you work out and what type of workouts, would you
do,

I would probably run a mile one mile a day. I think that would be a good basis workout.

So if working out is dreadful or hard for you. How do you think it could be easier, and

hopefully if I had somebody who could do it with me. But it's just hard to have somebody to do it
with me because everybody's schedules are so different.

Giles 51
If you don't work out much at all, what to change your perspective, or motivate you to start
working out, it's kind of a similar question.

You know probably just body image, That's the main reason, and being able to have energy.
Okay. Thank you.
Annie

I'm doing a research project from a marketing class on the importance of working out and college
and college students attitudes motivations for working out, or lack thereof, collecting research to
be used in my presentation, so there is no right answer to any question, different perspectives
answer a certain way, this interview will take 15 or 20 minutes and will be recorded for the
purpose of the study, but your name will be changed for your privacy. As someone who is
passionate about working out, I chose to do my research on this topic because I genuinely
wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out. It doesn't seem like a
concerning issue because it really does not affect anyone except that person so I wanted to
identify the purpose, so I wanted the purpose of my study not only be for my own knowledge but
also to identify ways to make working out seem easier and more worthwhile. Tell me about your
workout routine right now, in, in as much detail as possible

right now for basketball we're lifting two times a week with the strength coach, and that's pretty
hard and then we play pickup on Fridays. And we have like skills two days a week which is like
some running and stuff so I feel like that's kind of workout, and then I run on my own
sometimes.

What are the benefits of working out, how do you feel after working out.

Working out keeps you healthy, obviously, and I think it like is also good for like disease
prevention like later in your life. And then it also is like, mentally, like good for your mental
health and can kind of like be like a therapeutic thing.

What do you have to give up to work out.

I think you'd have to give up time and energy, and obviously as a college student like there's
always something better, you could be doing, or like, you can always get busy, or get distracted
and like, forget, working out or like procrastinate it to the point where you never get it done. And
it obviously also takes energy like if you're too tired, which I am a lot of the time. Yeah.
Giles 52

Okay. In an ideal world, how often would you work out and what types of workouts, would you
do.

Ideally, I would probably do like a little bit every day or at least like the weekdays. I would do
cardio so I would run probably three times a week, and then I would try to do like other types of
like workout classes or something like that also.

did you work out regularly prior to starting college.

Yes. Well, before college we had workouts for basketball and stuff like that and in quarantine I
worked out like to keep myself busy but always should work out Yeah.

Was it harder to prioritize after starting college than it was before.

Yes, because I was managing my own time. After starting college, and like I said there's always
something better I could be doing. I feel like. And so it's really, it is harder to prioritize because I
really make my own schedule.

So did your workout patterns change when you started college or did they just carried over like
have they been consistent or fluctuating

Recently fluctuating, um, I would say they carried over at first, and I ran a lot but I have found it
harder to keep up. By the same. The outside a trend Jagan since I've been in college but
definitely since before college.

Do you find any significance in working out and college specifically or is it no different than any
other time.

I think it's important because it can be like meant, like a mental stimulant kind of and I think
that's definitely important in college when you need like, I mean when you're studying or when
you're tired like I definitely think it's important and I also think it's important because you're
building, I think college is the time you're like developing habits for the rest of your life. And so
if you have to start doing something like that after college, like I think that can be really difficult
but if you put it, if you make it a priority while you're in college I think that that will carry over.

Giles 53
Where do you get your motivation for working out what draws or inspires you, or why do you
think some people don't have the motivation to workout.

Um, I think, what motivates me right now I'll play college sport. So, stay in workout to stay in
shape for basketball, and then also motivated by my own like fitness goals and how I want my,
like, um, I guess like physical fitness, I want to be in shape. So, that motivates me.


It definitely is because everyday life is different in college like you mean you make your own
schedule, so just, like, it's like sometimes it fits in the schedule, and sometimes it doesn’t


Yes, I would say especially if I workout in the morning, it just sets the tone for my day, and I'm
just productive like all like, it just makes me want to get stuff done like after I workout I'm
usually not probably going to take a nap or something.

Do you usually work out without hesitation or do you have to make yourself do it because you
feel like you have to

lately I've had to make myself do it because I feel like, well, it's kind of in my schedule right now
because of basketball. But, like in offseason I definitely had would have to make myself do I
wouldn't it wouldn't be something I would look forward to.

Do you find that easier to work out when you plan your workouts ahead of time.

Yes, I definitely think it's easier knowing what you're doing, like, before going into it then just
like on the squat like deciding what you there because then that like decreases your motivation
and what to do if you have to come up with a whole workout like

how far in advance do you plan your workouts do you make a workout schedule or write your
workouts down does this make it easier.

Giles 54
If I'm doing good and feeling motivated. I can say like what days of the week I want to, like, I
would like to run because mostly I just run. So I will say like I would like to run three times a
week, or something like that. And yes, it is easier when I do that because if I don't have it like in
a routine, probably won't get done.

How do you prioritize it in your schedule, if not a priority, do you want it to be

Um, I would say, like, saying when I'm going to do it like knowing ahead of time when I want to
do it makes it easier to prioritize. But otherwise it's hard to win, they definitely haven't scheduled
lifts like what this straight coach and like having practices at certain times like those aren't
optional so that that makes it easier to prioritize.

If working out is dreadful but you do it anyway. How could it be easier.

I'll say, having somebody to go with makes it easier, because then if you don't go like, not only
are you let yourself down but then you might get somebody to keep you accountable. And I think
that'd be the main thing for me.
Emily

Okay, I'm doing a research project for my marketing class on the importance of working out in
college and college students attitudes and motivations for working out or lack thereof. I'm
collecting research to be used in my presentation so there is no right answer to any question,
different perspectives provide better insight to the entire population of college students, so do not
feel like you have to answer a certain way, this interview will take no more than 15 minutes and
will be recorded for the purpose of this study but your name will be changed for your privacy. So
the background of my topic is, I chose to do my research on working out because I genuinely
wanted to know what keeps more college students from working out it doesn't seem like a
concerning issue, because it really does not affect anyone except that person so I wanted the
purpose of my study not only to be for my own knowledge, but also to identify ways to make
working out seem easier and more worthwhile. So now we will get into the questions. Tell me
about your workout routine right now, in as much detail as possible.

I do not currently have a workout routine.

Okay. So, what do you think are the benefits of working out.

Giles 55
I think the benefits are just being healthier mentally and physically. Like it would get your day,
like on a better like start but I just don't currently work out.

Okay, when you do work out, how do you feel after you work out.

When I do workout. It does make me feel better and better about the day I feel like I've actually
accomplished something.

What do you think you have to give up to go workout like time,

I mean yeah doesn't have to give up time and energy means I actually have to get out of bed to
do something so I just don’t

Okay.
In an ideal world, how often would you work out, and what types of workouts, would you do,

I would probably work out multiple times a week. I don't know what kind of workouts I would
do, like, do you mean like part of your body

that or like cardio lifting strength

I’d probably do like everything in an ideal world

yeah. Okay, um, did you work out regularly prior to starting college.

I don't know about regularly but I definitely worked out more, because I was at home with my
parents and had people like motivating me all the time to work out. But, and I did a bunch of
sports so I had to, but now I don't.

So was it harder to prioritize after starting college than it was before.

Yes, because now I have way more work to do, than I did before.
Giles 56

So your workout patterns did change when you started college, okay you already answered this,
do you find any significance in working out during college specifically or is no different than any
other time. Do you think it's important to work out, like during college, do you think that like the
college phase like is significant.

Yeah and I mean because it's probably what you're going to do for the rest of your life so I do,
but still, either way working out would be good,

yeah. Okay, so where do you get your motivation for working out

well I currently have no motivation

That’s fine. So why can you explain why do you think some people don't have the motivation

Because they don't want to get up and do something.

Okay, so it's hard, is it harder to find the motivation, some days than others.

Yes, I mean I do occasionally but have not had it in a very long time

when you do work out does it increase your motivation to complete other activities.

Yeah, makes me feel better about myself today.

Do you usually workout without hesitation, or do you have to make yourself do it because you
feel like you have to,

if I was going to I would definitely have to make myself do it.

Okay. Do you find it easier to work out when you plan your workouts ahead of time

Giles 57
if I was going to work out I would definitely want to have a plan before so I can go in and know
enough to be stressed out about having fun, something to do.

Yeah. Okay. How this says how do you prioritize it in your schedule, I know you don't. Okay, it's
not a priority, do you wish it was, or do you wish you could make yourself do

I do wish it was a priority so I could be healthier and fitter than I am.

Okay. If working out was dreadful for you. How could it be easier if you don't do it at all. What
could change your perspective or motivate you to start working out.

Okay, well it's not that I don't ever work out. Okay, to make it less dreadful, I have a like having
people go with me and having a plan. Yeah, people pushing me.

Okay, so that's what would change your. That was it. Okay.

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Giles 1

Anna Beth Giles

College Students’ Motivations for Working Out—or Lack Thereof

Perceived Benefits of Working Out as a College Student

use of their time to exercise.

and where does motivation to workout come from?

of doing what they set out to do (Chowdhury).

overall healthier life (Kim & Cardinal).

Making It Easier- The Purpose of the Study

attributed to a lack of motivation (Guldin).

which means having a workout partner creates accountability (Amherst College).

would from working out alone (Barney & Higginson).

Significance of the Study

for him or herself.

Major Research Questions

1. What do college students perceive to be the benefits of working out?

2. What effects does working out have on college students?

3. What prevents college students from working out?

make predictions for the whole population of college students.

recruited individuals who have various perspectives on working out.

What do college students perceive to be the benefits of working out?

Among the sample of college students I interviewed, a feeling of accomplishment

any toxins in your body.

something progressive that’s gonna benefit me.

What effects does working out have on college students?

college, like sleep and productivity. Mia said:

When I work out, I sleep better at night.

determining students’ futures.

What prevents college students from working out?

harder to prioritize after starting college, Grayson said:

would be kind of tough sometimes.

He said that he puts it last in his schedule because:

It’s just not fun at all. It’s really not.

just want to sit around and do nothing.

teammates, coaches, and from within themselves. Grayson said:

responded to this with:

you do it everyday and it’s a lot easier.

Lucas agreed with this. He said:

embarrassing for them.

want to do. Mia said:

I feel like trying new stuff definitely would motivate me.

about to kill it.

if they do not try to start implementing it into their daily routine.

Publications. 2057. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2057.

“Beating the Freshman 15.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/Patients-

Chowdhury, Madhuleena Roy. “4 Ways to Improve And Increase Self-Efficacy.”

PositivePsychology.com, 12 Oct. 2020, positivepsychology.com/3-ways-build-self-

Communications, NYU Web. “Physical Activity.” NYU, www.nyu.edu/life/safety-health-

Post, 10 Mar. 2020, thecollegepost.com/exercise-nutrition-college/#:~:text=Exercise%20in

“Exercise.” Amherst College,

Penn State News, 23 Mar. 2014, news.psu.edu/story/313200/2014/04/23/campus-life/how-

between a required and an elective physical activity education policy, Journal of

American College Health, 67:3, 207-

Purdue University, 15 Apr. 2013, www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2013/Q2/college-

Exercise for Women?” American Psychological Association,

1. Introduction: I am doing a research project for my marketing class on the importance of

Name Year Works out Is a college Major Lives on

Giles, Anna Beth 0:03