Riph Midterms
Riph Midterms
Riph Midterms
1 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
Type: Peace Treaty ➔ George Dewey is best known for his victory at the
Signed: 10th of December 1898 Battle of Manila Bay on 1st of May 1898 during the
Location: Paris, France SpanishAmerican War, with the loss of only a single
Condition: Exchange of Ratifications crewman on the American side.
Language used: English and Spanish
Countries involved: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mariana Islands FELIPE AGONCILLO
and Philippines ➔ A Filipino lawyer and diplomat who denied
participation despite his petitions, he was not
TIMELINE OF SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR allowed to join.
➔ The demand was ultimately accepted with great
February 15, 1898 – The massive explosion of the battleship reluctance by Spain, with the stipulation that the
USS Maine in Havana harbor United States should pay Spain $20 million
nominally for public buildings and public works in
April 24-25, 1898 – Spain issued a declaration of war the Philippines.
against the US on the 24th. The US declared war on the ➔ The treaty was vigorously opposed in the U.S.
25th. Senate as inaugurating a policy of “imperialism” in
the Philippines and was approved on Feb. 6, 1899,
May 1, 1898 – The first battle of the Spanish-American war by only a single vote. (57-27)
was in Manila Bay.
PHILIPPINE – AMERICAN WAR
July 1 – Battle of San Juan ● Two days earlier, hostilities had begun at Manila
between U.S. troops and insurgents led by Emilio
July 3 – Destroyed the Spaniards Aguinaldo. For more than three years the Filipinos
carried on guerrilla warfare against U.S. rule.
July 17 – The Spanish surrendered.
Treaty of Peace Between the United States of America
August 12, 1898 – The brief and one-sided war came to a and the Kingdom of Spain (Treaty of Paris)
conclusion when Spain and the US signed an armistice.
by the President of the United States of America
August 13, 1898 – The mock battle in the Philippines
● The local Spanish and American generals, who Treaty of Peace between the United States of America
were legally still at war, secretly and jointly planned and Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain; concluded
the battle to transfer control of the city center from signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at Paris on
the Spanish to the Americans while keeping the the tenth day of December 189
Philippine Revolutionary Army out of the city center.
2 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
● Winning as mayor of Pagsanjan from 1971 to 1975 ● Wood commanded the Philippine Division of the
U.S Army (1906-1908)
ZAIDE’S MAJOR WORKS ● Became Chief of Staff in the U.S (1910-1914)
● A Documentary History of the Katipunan (1931) ● A republican candidate for the presidency but lost in
● History of the Katipunan (1939) nomination to Warren Harding (1920).
● Philippine Political and Cultural History (1949) ● Wood came to the Philippines sent by President
● Great Events in Philippine P History (1951) The Harding to serve on a special mission to the
Philippine Revolution (1954) Philippines in 1921
● Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings (1957) ● Wood was the governor-general of the Philippines
● History of the Filipino People (1958) from 1921 to 1927
● World History (1965)
● Great Filipinos in History (1970) SUMMARY
● Jose Rizal: Asia's First Apostle of Nationalism
(1970) o The period of American colonization of the Philippines
● The Pageant of Philippine History (1979) lasted 48 years, from the cession of the Philippines to the
● History of Asian Nations (1980)- U.S. by Spain in 1898 to U.S. recognition of Philippine
● ose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, independence in 1946.
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero (with Sonia M. o The avowed purpose is to train us in the art of
Zaide, 1983) self-government and grant us independence.
● Riquezas Filipinas en los Archivos de Mexico (Titled o Promised that our country would be conserved and
in Spanish language developed for the benefit of people.
o The first 20 years of civil government were marked by
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND mutual understanding and loyal cooperation between
Americans and Filipinos.
● This text is taken from Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia o The president of the US sent General Wood to the
Zaide's documentary sources of Philippine History, Philippines to fulfill his promise.
and was originally published as Appendix of
Maximo M. Kalaw's Philippine Government under EXPECTATION – Filipinos expected that spirit of cooperation
the Jones Law. would be maintained. Political emancipation would be
● The document was approved by the Commission on complete.
Independence on November 17, 1926. REALITY – There was a train of arbitrary acts Resulting in
● The reason behind this document was Governor the curtailment of our autonomy & the destruction of our
Wood. constitutional system Reversal of America's Philippine Policy.
● The document is a form of protest particularly
against Executive Order No.37 and served as an ARBITARY ACTS OF GENERAL WOOD
impeachment request for Governor Wood. ● He has refused his assent to laws which were the
most wholesome & necessary heads of department.
PHILIPPINES AND AMERA ● He has set at naught both the legal authority and
● American flag - "emblem of freedom", responsibility for the Philippine heads of
not "subjugation" not a symbol of altruism, not of departments.
selfishness or greed ● He has substituted his constitutional advisers for a
● Filipinos placed their trust in the Americans' pledge group of military attaches without legal standing in
to help them acquire self-government and the government and not responsible to the people.
independence. "Our good, not her gain" ● He has reversed the policy of Filipinizing the service
of the government by appointing Americans even
Leonard Wood (October 9, 1860 – August 7, 1927) when Filipinos of proven capacity were available.
● Wood was a United States Army major general, ● He has obstructed the carrying out of national
physician, and public official. economic policies and duties adopted by the
● He graduated from Harvard Medical School and Legislature, merely because they are in conflict with
was conscripted into the U.S. Army as a medical his personal views.
doctor. ● He has unduly interfered in the administration of
● A Military Governor in Cuba (1899-1902) and in justice.
Mindanao (1903)
3 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
4 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
5 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
6 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
name of Antonio Lambardo or Francisco Antonio o “It lies in a latitude of nine and two-thirds degrees towards
Pigaffeta “Chronicle of the Magellan Expedition” the Arctic Pole, and in a longitude of one hundred and
● Magellan expedition entitled “Primo Viaggio Intorno sixty-two degrees from the line of demarcation
al Mondo” or “First Voyage Around the World”
Translated: “It lies in a latitude of nine and two-thirds degree
TIMELINE toward the Arctic Pole”
March 16, 1521 a “high land” named “Zamal” that was Original: “..neuf degrez et deux tiers” - NINE DEGREES
sighted by the Magellan’s expedition AND TWO THIRDS
Geographical Coordinates
7 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
8 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
➔ A writer who specialized in documenting important which the soldiers who revolted would have jobs as officers
events in the Philippines islands by the quarter of and chiefs
the 19th century. As a Spanish Historian, he
interpreted the mutiny as an attempt to remove and CONCLUSION
overthrow the Spanish Colonizers in the Philippines
The Spanish Version Is generally considered to be more
➔ Also, the account of Jose Montero y Vidal embodies
detailed and comprehensive as it was written by the colonial
the official interpretation of the mutiny in Cavite as authorities who had access to resources such as official
part of a general revolt directed by the three priests reports and first-hand accounts
and their lay and clerical colleagues in Manila and
Cavite. His work becomes more credible because of WEEK 11 FIRST CRY FOR INDEPENDENCE
his wide range of objectives or remarks that provide
enough information that the reader can basically What is the First Cry?
understand what his writing is all about. Also, his
work became authentic because of the one piece of “CRY”
evidence which is the goal of assassinating the ➔ translated from the Spanish word el grito de
Governor-General along with a number of Spanish rebellion or el grito for short which means “cry for
settlers and officials rebellion”
➔ Lastly, Montero’s version of Cavite mutiny was “THE FIRST CRY”
strongly hostile To the Filipino reformist aspiration, ➔ generally signified as the ‘first call for rebellion’ it
and has no doubt of the guilt of those executed or is marked as the beginning of the Philippine
exiled and further placed much of the blame for the Revolution or seeking independence for the
revolt an alleged tolerance of recently replaced Philippines from Spanish colonial rule with the use
Governor-general Carlos maria dela torre of violence and arms
Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez PIO VALENZUELA (Cry of Pugad Lawin)
o Spanish military officer, politician, and statesman who was
born 30 September 1820 and night on November 9, 1883. Claim
o From April 4 1871 to January 8 1873 he was the Date: August 23, 1896
governor-general of the Philippines Place: Pugadlawin
➔ He was famous for his use of the iron fist
government in contrast to his predecessor. Carlos Made by:
mara dela torre y Navacerrada liberal government. - Dr. Pio Valenzuela
- One of the leaders of the Katipunan and was an
CLAIMS eyewitness of the event
Jose Montero y Vidal
o Asserts that the withdrawal of the benefits that the Cavite First Account
arsenal workers had received in the form of exemption from Key staging point of the cry happened on August 26 1896 in
tribute was what sparked the mutiny Balintawak. Pio Valenzuela held this account when the
events were still vivid in his memory.
Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez
o Insurrection was motivated and prepared by the native Second Account
clergy by the mestizos and native lawyers and by those Later in his life and with a declining memory, in his Memoirs
known as Abodadillos. Some were residents of Manila, of the Revolution, without consulting the written documents
others other from Cavite, and some were from the nearby of the Philippine Revolution, he claimed that the cry took
provinces place at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, instead
o Rebels wanted to overthrow to the Spanish
government to install new leaders such as Father Gomez
and Zamora
o They took advantage of the ignorance of those classes and
the propensity of the Indio to steal they offered (to those who
revolted) the wealth of the Spaniards and of the regular
clergy, employment and ranks in the army: and to this effect
they said that fifteen native battalions would be created, in
9 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
10 I LAGNADA
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERM
ROSE IMELDA GARCIA
ADAPTED FROM: POWERPOINT/LECTURE
Claim
Date: August 25, 1896 Conclusion
Place: Balintawak - According to him, They Cry happened in Balintawak on 26
of August
Made by: - The version of Guillermo Masangkay are also
- Olegario Diaz supported of evidence. The claims of Masangkay were at
- Spanish Commander of Guardia Civil Veterana a top scale
Manila
- Investigated the discovery of the Katipunan Summary
The cry for freedom was an important turning point in our
History. It marked the instance when Filipinos finally refused
Summary
Bonifacio and his followers fled to the nearby town of Spanish colonial to fight for independence and freedom
Caloocan in august 23 1896 and they were moved to the signaling the beginning of the Philippine revolution. It is an
Barrio of Balintawak and followed by 224 men. On the 24th important historical event, but even so, the different accounts
day of the same month, they were attacked by the Guardia of the event do not seem to agree on the date and exact
Civil on the outskirts of Balintawak and immediately retreated place it occurred
to their hiding place. On the next day August 25, a large
meeting was held attended by over 5,000 members the There is significant disagreement among the accounts as to
meeting began discussions on how to face the situation if where and when the cry occurred. Using primary and
arrests happened secondary sources. It occurred in many locations:
Balintawak, Pugad Lawwin, near Caloocan, and Bahay Toro
Some members suggested surrendering to the Spanish with the dates: August 23, 24, 25, or 26 1896. Bonifacio's
authorities, but Bonifacio was firmly opposed and took up movement from one location to another in order to evade the
arms once. bonifacio's proposal has been approved and Spanish government, which was pursuing the katipuneros
demonstrates the influence of leadership. orders were This explains why there are multiple accounts of the cry.
immediately sent out to Manila, Cavite, Nueva Ecija, and
other provinces for the katipuneros to strike at dawn on
Sunday, August 30
Claim
Date: August 26 1896
Place: House of Apolonio Samson in Balintawak
Made by:
- Katipunan General Guillermo Masangkay
- Eyewitness of the Event
- Childhood friend of Bonifacio
11 I LAGNADA