ORGANIC NAME REACTIONS
CH3Br + Nal —AS#OME > cH.) + NaBr
Finkelstein reaction involves the process of an alkyl bromide or
an alkyl chloride into an alkyl iodide which is treated with a
sodium iodide solution in acetone.
jPSwartzReaction
CH3Br + AgF
CH3F + AgBr
Swarts' reaction is generally used to get alkyl fluorides from
alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides.
_3. Friedel Craft Alkylation Reaction
cH
Anhydrous AICI ,
+ 4#4c—a
An alkyl group can be added by an electrophillic aromatic
substitution reaction called the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
to a benzene molecule.
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@BAtharva AggarwalAcyl:
CH ,COCl
Anhydrous AIC! ,
The reaction of an arene with acyl chlorides or anhydrides
using a strong Lewis acid catalyst.
This reaction proceeds via electrophilic aromatic substitution to
form monoacylated products.
ion Reaction
cock
5. Wurtz Reaction
2Na
43C—Cl 4 cl—cH, Dry ether
HxC——CH, + NaCl
Wurtz's reaction is an organic chemical coupling reaction
wherein sodium metal is reacted with two alkyl halides in the
environment provided by a solution of dry ether in order to form
a higher alkane along with a compound containing sodium and
the halogen.
6. Fittig Reaction
Na
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Ga Atharva AggarwalThe Wurtz-Fittig reaction is a chemical process that produces
substituted aromatic compounds from aryl halides, alkyl
halides, sodium metal, and dry ether.
2Na
+ a—c, ———_, Hy + Na
Dry ether
The Wurtz-Fittig reaction is a chemical process that produces
substituted aromatic compounds from aryl halides, alkyl
halides, sodium metal, and dry ether.
8. Kolbe Reaction
oH
Na on
NaOH co, cooH
iH"
Kolbe's process is a carboxylation reaction which proceeds by
heating the sodium salts of phenoxide with carbon dioxide
under pressure and then treated with an acid. The final product
of the reaction is an aromatic hydroxy acid
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Ga Atharva Aggarwal9. Riemer Tiemann Reaction
oH
OAL + Nao re dy
An organic chemical reaction where phenol is converted into an
ortho hydroxy benzaldehyde using chloroform, a base, and acid
workup.
10. Williamson Ether Synthesis
CHs-Br + CHy-ONa. =————» CH ,-0-CH, + NaBr
Williamson Ether Synthesis is a reaction that uses deprotonated alcohol
and an organohalide to form an ether.
Williamson Ether Synthesis usually takes place as an S,2 reaction of a
primary alkyl halide with an alkoxide ion.
11. Stephen Reaction
H,0°
HxC—CN $ SnCl,+HCl ——> Hjc—ch nH —*—» Hyc—cHo
Nitriles on reduction with stannous chloride and hydrochloric
acid gives imine hydro chloride which on hydrolysis gives
corresponding aldehyde.
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GB Atharva Aggarwal12. Etard Reaction
A chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an
aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde
using chromyl chloride.
13. Gatterman Koch Rea
co / HCI
Anhydrous AIC! ,
CHO
In this reaction benzaldehyde is formed from the treatment of
benzene with carbon monoxide and hydrochloric acid in the
presence of aluminium chloride.
14, Rosemund Reaction
oO °
H
ll z i
aN aN,
Hy cl Pd / BaSO , He 4
The Rosenmund reduction is a reaction where acid chlorides
are converted into aldehydes by employing hydrogen gas over
palladium poisoned by barium sulfate
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@BAtharva Aggarwal15. Clemenson Reduction
9
lI an-He
c ico ot,
Hc cH; Conc. HCI
Clemmenson's reduction is most commonly used to convert
acyl benzenes to alkyl benzenes
16. Wolf Kishner Reduc
| ae
i i) NH NH,
c a soOW=C—H tH,
HsC~ “cH, li) KOH / Ethylene glycol ‘
The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is reduced to
CH2 group (hydrocarbons) on treatment with hydrazine
followed by heating with sodium or potassium hydroxide in high
boiling solvent such as ethylene glycol is known as Wolff-
Kishner reduction.
17. Tollen Test
ReCHO +2 [Ag(NHs);]' + 3 0H ————*R-COO' + 2Ag + + 2H,0+4NHs
Tollens' test, also known as silver-mirror test, is a qualitative
laboratory test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a
ketone.
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Ga Atharva Aggarwal18. Fehling’s Test
R-CHO +2 Cu” + 5OH ————" R-COO + cu,0 4 +3H,0
Fehling's solution is a deep blue alkaline solution which is used
to identify the presence of aldehydes or groups that contain any
aldehyde functional group -CHO
19. lodoform Reaction
1,/ NaOH
> ant, + ch ,c00 na
nc7 cH, OR, NaOl
=o
A chemical reaction in which a methyl ketone is oxidized to a
carboxylate by reaction with aqueous HO’ and |p.
The reaction also produces iodoform (CHI,), a yellow solid
which may precipitate from the reaction mixture.
20. Aldol Condensation
oH
dil NaOH | A
2 HC —cHo ——————» 0-CH-€# cH Se chi = chcHO
In aldol condensation, an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl
compound in the presence of acid/base catalyst to form a B-
hydroxy aldehyde or B-hydroxy ketone, followed by dehydration
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GB Atharva Aggarwalto give a conjugated enone.
21, Cannizzaro Reaction
Conc. NaOH
HCHO 4 HCHO] ——————»_ HCOON@ + H;C—OH
The Cannizzaro reaction is a disproportionation process in
which two molecules of an aldehyde combine with a hydroxide
base to generate a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
22. Hell- volhard Zelinsky Reaction
i) Cl, / Red Phosphorus
H3C——COOH coo
i H,0 |
The Hell-Volhard—Zelinsky halogenation reaction is a chemical
transformation that involves the halogenation of a carboxylic
acid at the a carbon.
23. Hoffman Bromamide Degradation
9
Br,
Hyc——C—— HCN,
NaOH
When an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or
ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide, degradation of amide
takes place leading to the formation of primary amine.
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@BAtharva Aggarwal_ 24. Carbylamine Reaction
A
R-NH, + CHCl; + 3KOH —————* R-NC + 3KCI + 3,0
The carbylamine reaction, also known as
Hofmann's isocyanide test is a chemical test for the detection of
primary amines.
25. Diazo Reaction
NH, 4,’
NaNO, + dil HCl
——*— aA
273- 278K
The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of a diazonium
cation with another aromatic ring to form a diazo compound.
26. Sandmeyer Reaction
no «
CO cuct Het CO
at Sa
Sandmeyer reaction is a type of organic substitution reaction in
which we can synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts
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@BAtharva Aggarwal27. Gatterman Reaction
y,0
CO cuya oO
at Syn,
Gattermann reaction is an organic substitution reaction in which
we can formulate aromatic compounds
28. Coupling Reaction
. oH
NO + — N= oH
When benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol in which
the phenol molecule at its para position coupled with the
diazonium salt to form p- hydroxyazobenzene.
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Ga Atharva Aggarwal