English 4
English 4
English 4
Introduction
should go
shall go
We
We
He (she, it)
would go
will go
You
They
If+ present,
I shall
We shall
they will
If + past
I should
We should
EXAMPLES
Present-
-Future
Past-Conditional
If you have more time next month, you will take more lessons.
If you had more time now, you would take six lessons a week.
If they have enough money next spring, they will buy a new car.
If they had more money, they would buy a new car immediately.
If
Present
If
If
Past
If
I am....., I shall.....
He (she, it) is....., (he, she) it will .... You are....., you will.....
He (she, it) were.., (he, she) it would.. You were....., you would.....
EXAMPLES
EXERCISE 1A
4. Will they buy a new car next spring if they have enough money? 5. What would they do if they
had enough money now?
8. If you wanted to buy something, where would you go? 9. Which sea-route would you take if you
went to England? 10. Would you go to a cinema if you had no money?
EXERCISE 1B
13. He will write the letter himself if his son does not want to.
14. No, you would not come if the School were closed.
15. No, I shall not insist on his coming to the theatre with me if he does not like the play.
16. She would not cross the Channel if the sea were rough.
20. They would swim in the river if the water were not so cold.
ENGLISH LESSON 4
DIFFERENT USES OF
A.- Probability or very uncertain possibility (Take a note to the explanation of time for past form)
1. I am not sure what I shall do tomorrow: I may go to the cinema, I may go for
a walk, or I may even remain at home.
2. Do you think the weather will improve? It may or it may not, I don't know. 3. If you stand outside
Buckingham Palace, you may see the Queen.
4. If you go into the woods in spring, you may hear the nightingale.
5. If he does not drive more carefully, he may have an accident one of these
days.
6. Yesterday, he told me that he might arrive at the station in time for his train if
he took a taxi.
7. Last week, they said that if the cold spell continued it might kill the blossom on
8. He told me that I might not be able to understand him if he spoke too quickly. 9. Yesterday, my
mother told me that I might catch a cold if I sat in a draught. 10. He said he might be late because he
had much to do.
B. Permission
3. May we speak French during the lesson? No, you may not.
5. May I use your telephone? Of course, you may whenever you like.
window.
7. She said I might borrow her umbrella if I returned it the same day.
9. Mrs. Smith told her daughter that she might go to the dance if she promised
ENGLISH LESSON 4
10. He told me I might consult his books if I remembered to put them back in
C. Purpose
You come here in order to speak English. You come here so that you may speak English. 2. He lends
you his pen so that you may write.
4. I always leave my holiday address at the post-office so that they may forward
my mail.
5. People with bad sight wear spectacles so that they may see better.
7. He lent you his pen yesterday so that you might write. 8. I shouted at the deaf man so that he
might hear.
9. He gave me his address so that I might forward his letters. 10. She bought a pair of spectacles so
that she might see well.
OTHER USES OF "SHOULD" AND "WOULD" A. - For "if", we may employ "should" 1. Should he meet
his friend, he can tell him the good news. If he meets his friend, he can tell him the good news. 2.
Should he meet him tomorrow, he can tell him.
7. Should I miss a lesson this week, I could take an extra one next week.
If I missed a lesson this week, I could take an extra one next week. 8. Should he sit in the rain, he
may catch a cold.
10. Should the delegates arrive late, we should cancel the meeting.
5. You should insure your life since you have a family to support.
7. You should not drive too fast when going through a built-up area.
2. Every day last year when I met him, he would tell me about his fishing adventures.
4. During the later part of his life, he would go for a walk every evening.
ENGLISH LESSON 4
EXERCISE 2
4. How might a father feel if his son took his car without permission?
10. What might happen if you did not pay attention to the traffic?
12. What should a gentleman do should he see (if he saw) a lady in difficulty?
16. What should you say to anybody who had been helpful or obliging?
17. What used you to do every day when you were a child at school?
18. At what time used you to have breakfast during your last holidays?
19. When you were a child, used you to think that it would be amusing to grow up and be an adult?
20. What used your parents to do when you were a naughty child?
(On a Sunday morning, towards the end of September, Mr. Adams calls on his friend Mr. Brown)
Mr. Brown : Isn't it? I was going to ask you if you would like to go to the country with me this
afternoon.
Mr. Adams : I should like to very much if the weather were fine, but it is raining so heavily that I am
afraid it has set in for the day, and if we went out, we should get drenched to the skin.
Mr. Adams : I should prefer it, but unfortunately I have for gotten my money.
Mr. Brown : Oh! But that's all right; I can lend you all you want.
Mr. Adams : If you could lend me fifteen pounds, that would be enough.
Mr. Adams: I'm all for a row on the river, but if you prefer shooting or fishing, I have no objection..
Mr. Brown : I think the rain is going to stop; if it clears up, at what time do you think we can start?
Mr. Adams : Thanks, I should be delighted, but I'm expected home and my mother might feel uneasy
if I didn't return.
Mr. Adams: Yes, that's true. I'll do that. Then I'll stop, unless it puts you out?
Mr. Adams : Thank you. I think you were right, we shall have a fine afternoon; the sun is coming out.
KURSUS KE NEGARA
(Pada suatu hari Minggu pagi, menjelang akhir bulan September, Pak Adams mengunjungi
temannya, Pak Brown)
Tuan Brown : Benar kan? Tadinya aku akan bertanya apakah kamu ingin pergi ke pedesaan
bersamaku sore ini.
Pak Adams : Saya akan sangat menyukainya jika cuacanya bagus, tapi hujannya sangat lebat
sehingga saya khawatir hari itu sudah turun, dan jika kita keluar, kita akan basah kuyup.
Pak Adams : Saya seharusnya memilihnya, tapi sayangnya saya sudah mendapatkan uang saya.
Tuan Brown : Oh! Tapi tidak apa-apa; Saya bisa meminjamkan semua yang Anda inginkan.
Tuan Adams : Jika Anda bisa meminjamkan saya lima belas pound, itu sudah cukup.
Pak Adams: Saya suka mendayung di sungai, tetapi jika Anda lebih suka menembak atau memancing,
saya tidak keberatan..
Mr Brown : Saya pikir hujan akan berhenti; jika sudah beres, menurut Anda jam berapa kita bisa
mulai?
Pak Adams : Bagaimana kalau kita katakan dalam waktu sekitar satu jam?
Mr. Brown : Baiklah, kalau begitu, maukah Anda berhenti untuk makan siang?
Pak Adams : Terima kasih, saya seharusnya senang, tetapi saya diharapkan pulang dan ibu saya
mungkin merasa tidak nyaman jika saya tidak kembali.
Tuan Brown : Tentu saja tidak. Tidak akan ada masalah sama sekali.
Pak Adams : Terima kasih. Saya pikir Anda benar, kita akan menikmati sore yang cerah; matahari
akan terbit.
Tuan Brown : Bagaimana kalau kita memanggil Charlie? Dia sangat menyenangkan.
EXERCISE 3
4. What would happen to them if they went out immediately? 5. What may these gentlemen do
after it has stopped raining? 6. Did they intend making this excursion on foot?
7. On what condition did Mr. A. accept Mr. B.'s proposal? 8. What did Mr. B. offer his friend?
17. Why did these gentlemen not stand on ceremony with each other?
18. Was Mr. B. mistaken in believing that the weather would turn out fine?
ENGLISH LESSON 4
EXERCISE 4
7. Because he had left his money at home. 8. I should certainly lend you some.
9. They could go for a row on the river. 10. We can shoot or fish.
10
ENGLISH
dengan k
Veldgenown
Swift, the famous English writer, author of Gulliver's Travels was day travelling on horseback with a
servant, As it was raining the roads were muddy. In the evening, the two travelers came to an inn
Before going to bed, Swift said to his servant: "My boots are dirty, clean them, please". The servant
was rather lazy; besides, he was tired, so he went to bed without cleaning his master's boots.
The next morning, when Swift saw the boots, he exclaim-ed: "What, you have not cleaned my
boots!" The servant looked at him and answered: "Well, sir, as the weather is very bad, and we are
to travel again, if I cleaned them "Very good, saddle the horses. now, they would soon be as dirty as
before." We shall start immediately." - "But please, sir, we have not had our breakfast yet."
"Oh, never mind! Should you take your breakfast now, you would soon be hungry again."
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) is a famous English writer, an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political
pamphleteer, poet and cleric who became Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland.
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS
LONDON
DENT & C
1909
Now Your
&P DUTTON
11
EXERCISE 5
8. Did Swift give his servant any orders before going to bed?
11. Had he also another reason for not obeying his master's orders?
12. Did he go to bed without doing what he had been told to do?
13. Was Swift pleased when he saw his boots had not been cleaned? 14. What did he say to his
servant?
EXERCISE 6
3. Yes, he is famous.
7. It was raining.
19. Swift replied: "Never mind, you would soon be hungry again." 20. It was a good lesson for the
servant.
ENGLISH LESSON 4
13
A JOURNEY BY AIR
Part 1
Mr. Clark
Mr. Wilson
Mr. Clark
Mr. Wilson
Mr. Clark
Mr. Wilson
A journey by air is more comfortable, quicker, cleaner and no dearer than first class by boat and
train.
: Hullo, old man, how are you? It's a long time since we met, isn't
it?
is that I've got to go to Paris on business again next week. : What's wrong with Paris?
: Oh, Paris is all right, but what I don't like is the Channel
crossing and the long train journey afterwards. Then, there is always so much bother about one's
luggage and all the changes are such a nuisance.
Dembaha
Jazzran
cleaner and no dearer than first class by boat and train. Everything is done for you and there's no
tipping; even the meals during the journey are free. Personally, I always travel by air whenever I can.
In fact, I'm flying to Nice next week and shall stop in Paris for a couple of days. I was just on my way
to book my seat. Look here, why don't you fly over with me?
(Soon after, they arrive at the travel agency and address the booking clerk.)
Mr. Clark
14
two seats for Friday next. This gentleman would like a return ticket to Paris, and I
ENGLISH LESSON 4
Mr. Wilson
should like a return ticket to Nice with a break of journey at Paris. (Looking at the time-table) How
about leaving at 9.15 a.m., John, is that too early for you?
Mr. Clark
Mr. Wilson
Mr. Clark
: All right.
(The booking clerk asks them for their names and telephone numbers and then makes out the
tickets)
Mr. Wilson
:(To the booking clerk) Why do you ask for our telephone
numbers?
interruption or
garaian
altération in the
Perubahan
ernational
international
domestic
Mr. Clark.
service, sir, so as to
Immigration Hall
let you know immediately. Here are your tickets, gentlemen, and will you please report at West
London Air Terminal on Friday morning at 9 a.m. You have a free baggage allowance of 44 lbs.1 (20
kilos) and excess baggage costs 2/8 per 2 lbs. : Thanks. (Turning to his friend) Well, John, that's
settled. I'll
berkir
On Friday morning, they drive up to West London Air Terminal and enter the Passenger Hall. After
stating their destination, their baggage is weighed and labelled, and the excess paid for. When this is
over, they wait for the loudspeakers to announce that
airport. On arriving there, they enter the Immigration Hall and go through the usual formalities:
passport, currency and customs. After a wait in the lounge, a traffic-clerk assembles the passengers
for Paris and requests them to stop smoking and follow him to the plane.
When all the passengers are seated, the steward or air hostess sees to
Brymu
it that each of them has his seat belt fastened, as indicated by the illuminated
memen (ayr
dity-kan
menjala
15
'Libras, (singular from Latin: Libra) A pound in weight, equal to about 454 grams.
ENGLISH LESSON 4
panel saying: "FASTEN SEAT BELTS-NO SMOKING". The engines are then started up and the plane
taxies to a position facing the wind. As soon as the pilot receives the signal from the control-tower,
the plane begins to move along the runway and takes off a few moments later. Quickly it gains,
height, the ground seems to fall away and seat-belts can then be unfastened.
Soon after, it will be flying over the Channel and will reach the French coast about twenty minutes
later. As they approach Paris, the passengers may catch glimpses of the winding Seine and the Eiffel
Tower in the distance.
met
While the plane is circling over Le Bourget Airport, the illuminated panel lights up again to remind
the passengers of the safety measures to be taken. The plane gradually loses height until it finally
touches down on the runway. Immediately after landing, it taxies to the airport buildings, where the
passengers go through the same formalities as when they left London. Finally, a coach takes the
passengers to the French Airways Terminal which is called the "Aérogare des Invalides".
besert
EXERCISE 7
1. Where did Mr. Clark and Mr. Wilson meet each other?
3. Why didn't Mr. Wilson seem pleased to be going to Paris again? 4. What did his friend advise him
to do?
11. Why did the booking clerk ask these gentlemen for their telephone numbers?
14. How do passengers travel from West London Air Terminal to the airport?
16. Why does the steward make sure that every passenger has his seat belt
fastened?
17
ENGLISH LESSON 4
EXERCISE 8
3. Because he does not like the Channel crossing and the long train journey
afterwards.
the service.
18. They have to show the Immigration Officer their passports. 19. When he receives the signal from
the control-tower. 20. It requests them to fasten their seat belts and stop smoking.
18
ENGLISH LESSON 4
dengan h
للفصل الر
A JOURNEY BY AIR
Part II
M. Blanc
(After lunch, Mr. Wilson goes to see his friend Monsieur1 Blanc)
see you in Paris once again. Did you have a good crossing? I suppose you came by boat as usual?
Mr. Wilson: No, for the first time in my life I came by air.
M. Blanc
Mr. Wilson
M. Blanc
Mr. Wilson
: I must confess I have never yet had the courage to travel by air.
clean and comfortable, and the officials are efficient and helpful. : Didn't you feel air-sick or dizzy?
: Not in the least. Strangely enough, I felt quite at ease and delighted with my new experience.
Furthermore, every
passenger has a comfortable seat and receives a good meal en route. There are papers to read, and
plenty to look at.
The weather was rather dull when we left London Airport, but as we climbed and neared the English
coast, the
grey mist slowly changed to white and finally we were flying in bright sunshine.
Over the Channel, apart from sky, sea and sunshine, and an occasional ship looking like a toy, there
was not much else to be seen. When the French coast was crossed and as we flew over Normandy,
we had glimpses of a countryside very similar to
ENGLISH LESSON 4
19
English Channel
Channel Islands
Jersey
English channel
soon afterwards ran into mist again and everything was blotted out.
The pilot then went up higher and we were very soon above the clouds, and I saw one of the most
beautiful sights I have ever seen. It was like being on the top of snow-capped mountains in
Switzerland. We were flying above what looked like a carpet of snow, and the effect of the sun
shining on those white clouds was something I shall never forget.
On approaching Paris, we began to lose height and the plane, which so far had been perfectly
steady, started to drop from time to time and gave one the feeling of being in a lift. But this did not
last long; the plane got steadier and we landed with a slight bump.
M. Blanc : Well, that is very interesting and you certainly seem to have
enjoyed your first air-trip. But tell me, weren't you at all nervous?
Mr. Wilson: Not a bit; I was far too interested. The strange thing is that one
does not realize the great speed at which one is travelling. Before landing, when the plane is banking
and the ground appears to run uphill, things look funny and unusual, but this sensation only lasts a
very short time.
M. Blanc
Mr. Wilson
M. Blanc
Mr. Wilson
20
: Well, it sounds fascinating. Next time I go to London, I'll certainly fly and see how it appeals to me.
By the way, is smoking allowed?
noticeable. In fact, it is easy to hold a conversation and you can even write a letter in comfort unless
it is really bumpy. Good
ENGLISH LESSON 4
M. Blanc
gracious, look at the time! I must be off as I have some shopping to do. I'll do my best to see you
again before leaving
Paris.
EXERCISE 9
12. What feeling does a plane give you when it drops suddenly?
14. Why doesn't a passenger realize the great speed at which a plane travels?
15. When did things begin to look strange to Mr. Wilson?
16. How will M. Blanc travel the next time he goes to London?
21
717
EXERCISE 10
9. It looks like parts of Kent or Sussex. 10. They ran into mist again.
11. He went up higher to avoid the mist. 12. It gives us the feeling of being in a lift. 13. It landed with
a slight bump.
22
ENGLISH LESSON 4
AT THE HOTEL
Mr. Fry
Reception Clerk
Mr. Fry
Reception Clerk
Mr. Fry
Reception Clerk
Hotel is a building where people stay, usually for a short time, paying for their room, meals and
additional services.
bedroom, sitting-room and bathroom. It is very pleasant and comfortable. Will you register, please?
morning?
: It is served from
Mr. Fry
The page
Mr. Fry
Chambermaid
the breakfast-
Reception Clerk
: Very well, sir. I'll call a page to take you up. : Thank you very much.
: (taking the hand luggage) This way, please. Here is the lift.
(Later in the suite, Mrs. Fry rings for the chambermaid)
soon as it is ready.
ENGLISH LESSON 4
23
Porter
(As she leaves, a porter brings in their heavy luggage. Mr. Fry tips him)
Mrs. Fry
Mrs. Fry
Mr. Fry
: It seems to be rather nice here, don't you think? It ought to be for the price! Ah, here is the valet. :
You sent for me, sir?
: Yes, we should like our shoes cleaned and these suits pressed.
dear? (To his wife) Is there anything the valet can do for you,
: This dress is badly creased and needs ironing. (The valet picks up the clothes and shoes and goes
out)
A Valet
EXERCISE 11
7. Did the Frys wish to get up early or late the following morning?
9. If you are a heavy sleeper, what do you do if you have to wake up early?
10. Does the noise in the street wake you up in the morning?
12. What do many English people take first thing in the morning?
EXERCISE 12
1. Were the Frys in a hurry for their laundry? 2. Are you in a hurry to learn English?
5. What do you generally do in an hotel after your luggage has been brought
up?
10. Where do hotel guests leave their shoes at night to have them cleaned?
11. In what condition are your clothes after being in a trunk for a long time?
12. If your clothes are creased, what do you do with them?
13. Why did Mr. Fry ask the chambermaid to send them the valet?
16. What would you do if you saw a pound note lying on the pavement?
18. What expression did Mrs. Fry use when she realized she had not had her
tea?
EXERCISE 13
8. I walk up.
13. It is ironed.
16. We must have shoe-polish and brushes. 17. It was badly creased.
27