Experiment 1

ENERGY LEVEL

I. OBJECTIVES:
1. To be familiar in the physical construction of the different types of and forms of energy.
2.To find out the internal energy developed by the machines.
3.To find the application of each as well as its capacity.

II. APPARATUS
Matches: A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff
paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match
against a suitable surface.

Blow torch: A blow torch, often referred to as a gas torch or flame torch, is a versatile hand-held tool
that uses a combination of fuel and air to produce a hot, controlled flame. These torches are essential
for various applications, including soldering, brazing, welding, culinary tasks, and more.

Oxy-acetylene: Oxy-acetylene welding and cutting are processes that use fuel gases (or liquid fuels such
as gasoline or petrol, diesel, biodiesel, kerosene, etc.) and oxygen to weld or cut metals. The process
involves creating a flame using oxygen and acetylene gas, which can reach temperatures high enough to
melt the work piece material.

Bunsen burner: A Bunsen burner is a device for combining a flammable gas with controlled amounts of
air before ignition, producing a hotter flame than would be possible using ambient air and gas alone. It is
commonly used in laboratory settings for heating or sterilizing.

Steam boiler: A steam boiler is a pressurized vessel that transfers heat to water to produce steam for a
variety of applications. This includes heating, power generation, and sanitation. The boiler heats water
until it becomes steam, which is then used to spin turbines or for other purposes.

Motor (AC and DC): Motors are machines that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. AC
motors run on alternating current and are commonly used in appliances and industrial equipment. DC
motors run on direct current, like that from a battery, and are used in items like electric cars and robots.

Bulb: In the context of lighting, a bulb usually refers to a light bulb, which is a device that produces light
from electricity. In the context of plants, a bulb is a plant structure that stores energy and allows the
plant to survive during dormant periods.

Steam turbine: A steam turbine is a machine that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and
uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. It’s commonly used in power generation.

Air compressor: An air compressor is a device that increases the pressure of air by reducing its volume.
Compressed air can be used in a variety of applications, from inflating tires to powering pneumatic tools.
Diesel engine: A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses diesel fuel. The heat generated
by compressing air in the cylinder ignites the fuel, which drives the engine.

Steam engine: A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its
working fluid. It’s used widely in the industrial revolution.

Gasoline engine: A gasoline engine, also known as a petrol engine, is an internal combustion engine with
spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.

Blower: A blower is a machine used for generating the flow of air at substantial pressure. The air flow
generated is used for different purposes such as small car cleaning blowers, vacuum cleaners, air
conditions, etc.

Steam pump: A steam pump is a type of pump that is powered by a steam engine. It is used to pump the
liquid using the force of steam.

Generators (AC and DC): Generators are devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
AC generators produce an alternating current, which is used in most residential and commercial
applications. DC generators produce a direct current and are typically used for charging batteries and
powering electronic devices.
III. PROCEDURE
In the laboratory, observe some types of energy level and draw their installations. Draw and describe
the physical construction, the internal energy developed as well as the application of the set of energy
level:

a. Matches are small sticks with a coated tip that ignites when struck against a
suitable surface. The internal energy is developed through the chemical reaction
that occurs when the match is struck, producing heat, light, and combustion
gases. Matches are commonly used to light candles, stoves, and fireplaces.

b. Blow torch is a device that produces a hot flame using combustible gases. The
internal energy is developed through the combustion of the gases, which
produces heat. Blow torches are used in various applications such as welding,
cutting metals, and heating materials.

c. Oxy-acetylene is a mixture of oxygen and acetylene gases, commonly used in

welding and cutting processes. The internal energy is developed through the
combustion of the gas mixture, producing a flame with a temperature over
3000°C. This high-temperature flame is used to melt and cut metals in various
industrial applications.

d. Bunsen burner is a device used in laboratories to produce a single open gas

flame for heating, sterilization, and combustion. The internal energy is developed
through the combustion of gas, producing heat. Bunsen burners are commonly
used in scientific research and educational laboratories.

e. Steam boiler is a closed vessel where water is heated to generate high-

temperature steam. The internal energy is developed through the heating of
water, which transforms into steam. Steam boilers are used in various
applications such as power generation, heating, and in industrial processes.
f. Motor (AC and DC) are devices that convert
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The internal
energy is developed through the interaction between
the magnetic field of the motor and the flow of
current within the winding. Motors are used in
various applications such as household appliances,
pumps, fans, and industrial machinery.

g. Bulb is a device that produces light from electricity. The internal energy is
developed through the passage of electric current through a thin filament,
causing it to glow and produce light. Bulbs are used in various applications for
illumination, such as in homes, offices, and street lighting.

h. Steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into
mechanical energy. The internal energy is developed through the expansion of
high-pressure steam in the turbine, producing rotational mechanical force.
Steam turbines are commonly used in power generation and in various
industrial processes.

i. Air compressor is a device that compresses and pressurizes air to convert it

into usable power for various applications. The internal energy is developed
through the mechanical work done on the air during compression. Air
compressors are used in various applications such as pneumatic tools, HVAC
systems, and industrial machinery.
j. Diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that converts the chemical
energy of diesel fuel into mechanical energy. The internal energy is
developed through the combustion of diesel fuel in the engine’s cylinders.
Diesel engines are commonly used in vehicles, generators, and various
industrial machinery.

k. Steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using

steam as its working fluid. The internal energy is developed through the
heating of water, which transforms into steam. This steam then moves a
piston back and forth inside a cylinder. The kinetic energy of the moving
piston can be used to turn a vehicle’s wheels, a turbine, or other
mechanical device. Steam engines were widely used in the industrial
revolution for various applications such as locomotives, steamships, and
factory machinery.

l. Gasoline engine also known as a petrol engine, is an internal combustion

engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar
volatile fuel. The internal energy is developed through the combustion of
gasoline fuel in the engine’s cylinders. This combustion process generates
heat energy, which is then converted into mechanical energy that allows
the vehicle to accelerate. Gasoline engines are commonly used in vehicles
and various industrial machinery.

m. Blower is a machine that creates pressure to move air at a required

pace. The internal energy is developed as the impeller spins inside its main
compartment and air is pushed in and outward. Blowers are well-suited to
complex operations and have proved indispensable in a number of
instances. They are used in various applications such as ventilating mines,
charging internal combustion engines, and performing many other heavy-
duty tasks.

n. Steam pump is a type of pump that is powered by a steam engine. The

internal energy is developed through the expansion of high-pressure
steam in the turbine, producing rotational mechanical force. Steam pumps
are used in various applications such as power generation and in various
industrial processes.
o. Generators (AC and DC) are devices that convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The internal energy is developed
through the interaction between the magnetic field of the
generator and the flow of current within the winding. AC
generators produce an alternating current, which is used in most
residential and commercial applications. DC generators produce a
direct current and are typically used for charging batteries and
powering electronic devices.

IV. DISCUSSION

Matches: Matches operate at a relatively low energy level, as they are designed to start fires in a
controlled manner. However, they can be a fire hazard if not used properly. It’s recommended to always
extinguish matches completely after use and store them in a dry place.
Blow torch and Oxy-acetylene: Both of these tools operate at high energy levels, producing flames hot
enough to melt or cut metals. They are essential tools in industries such as construction and
manufacturing. However, they can be dangerous if not handled correctly. Proper training and safety
measures are recommended when using these tools.
Bunsen burner: Bunsen burners operate at a moderate energy level. They are commonly used in
laboratories for various experiments. It’s important to follow safety guidelines when using Bunsen
burners to prevent accidents.
Steam boiler: Steam boilers operate at high energy levels, as they need to heat water to produce steam.
They are commonly used in power plants and industrial processes. Regular maintenance and safety
checks are recommended to prevent accidents and improve efficiency.
Motor (AC and DC): Motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The energy level depends
on the power rating of the motor. Motors are used in a wide range of applications, from household
appliances to industrial machinery. Regular maintenance can help improve their efficiency and lifespan.
Bulb: Bulbs convert electrical energy into light and heat. The energy level depends on the wattage of the
bulb. Energy-efficient bulbs such as LEDs are recommended for reducing energy consumption.
Steam turbine: Steam turbines operate at high energy levels, as they convert thermal energy from
steam into mechanical work. They are commonly used in power generation. Regular maintenance and
inspections are recommended to ensure their efficiency and safety.
Air compressor: Air compressors convert mechanical energy into potential energy stored in compressed
air. The energy level depends on the power rating of the compressor. Regular maintenance can help
improve their efficiency and lifespan.
Diesel engine and Gasoline engine: These engines convert chemical energy from fuel into mechanical
work. They operate at high energy levels and are used in vehicles and various industrial machinery.
Regular maintenance and using clean, high-quality fuel can improve their efficiency and reduce
emissions.
Blower and Steam pump: These devices convert electrical or mechanical energy into fluid motion. The
energy level depends on their power rating. Regular maintenance can help improve their efficiency and
lifespan.
Generators (AC and DC): Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The energy level
depends on their power rating. They are used in power plants and various other applications. Regular
maintenance can help improve their efficiency and lifespan.

V. CONCLUSION
Each of these devices demonstrates the versatility of energy conversion and the many ways in
which energy can be harnessed to do work. Understanding these principles is fundamental to many
fields of science and engineering. It’s also crucial for developing new technologies and improving
existing ones. For example, improving the efficiency of energy conversion in engines and generators
could lead to significant energy savings and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly,
developing new materials or methods for energy conversion could open up new possibilities for
renewable energy and other sustainable technologies. Therefore, studying these devices and the
principles behind them is not only interesting but also has important practical implications.

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