Regular and Irregular Verbs

To form the past and perfect tense and to form passive voice, add --ed to a regular verb:
Present Past

remember remembered
stew stewed
walk walked
frown frowned
like liked (if verb ends in e, only add d)
drop dropped (c-v-c rule: double final consonant before adding ed)
carry carried (if verb ends in y and is preceded by a consonant, drop the y and
insert ied)

Many verbs are irregular; the past and perfect tenses are not controlled by strict patterns:

Irregular Verbs

No. Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle

1 awake awoke awoken
2 be was, were been
3 bear bore born
4 beat beat beat
5 become became become
6 begin began begun
7 bend bent bent
8 beset beset beset
9 bet bet bet
10 bid bid/bade bid/bidden
11 bind bound bound
12 bite bit bitten
13 bleed bled bled
14 blow blew blown
15 break broke broken
16 breed bred bred
17 bring brought brought
18 broadcast broadcast broadcast
19 build built built
20 burn burned burned
21 burst burst burst
22 buy bought bought
23 cast cast cast
24 catch caught caught
25 choose chose chosen
26 cling clung clung
27 come came come
28 cost cost cost
29 creep crept crept
30 cut cut cut
31 deal dealt dealt
32 dig dug dug
33 dive dived/dove dived
34 do did done
35 draw drew drawn
36 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
37 drive drove driven
38 drink drank drunk
39 eat ate eaten
40 fall fell fallen
41 feed fed fed
42 feel felt felt
43 fight fought fought
44 find found found
45 fit fit fit
46 flee fled fled
47 fling flung flung
48 fly flew flown
49 forbid forbade forbidden
50 forget forgot forgotten
51 forego (forgo) foregone foregone
52 forgive forgave forgiven
53 forsake forsook forsaken
54 freeze froze frozen
55 get got gotten
56 give gave given
57 go went gone
58 grind ground ground
59 grow grew grown
60 hang hung hung
61 hear heard heard
62 hide hid hidden
63 hit hit hit
64 hold held held
65 hurt hurt hurt
66 keep kept kept
67 kneel knelt knelt
68 knit knit knit
69 know knew know
70 lay laid laid
71 lead led led
72 leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt
73 learn learned learned
74 leave left left
75 lend lent lent
76 let let let
77 lie lay lain
78 light lighted/lit lighted
79 lose lost lost
80 make made made
81 mean meant meant
82 meet met met
83 misspell misspelled misspelled
84 mistake mistook mistaken
85 mow mowed mowed/mown
86 overcome overcame overcome
87 overdo overdid overdone
88 overtake overtook overtaken
89 overthrow overthrew overthrown
90 pay paid paid
91 plead pled pled
92 prove proved proved/proven
93 put put put
94 quit quit quit
95 read read read
96 rid rid rid
97 ride rode ridden
98 ring rang rung
99 rise rose risen
100 run ran run
101 saw sawed sawed/sawn
102 say said said
103 see saw seen
104 seek sought sought
105 sell sold sold
106 send sent sent
107 set set set
108 sew sewed sewed/sewn
109 shake shook shaken
110 shave shaved shaved/shaven
111 shear shore shorn
112 shed shed shed
113 shine shone shone
114 shoe shoed shoed/shod
115 shoot shot shot
116 show showed showed/shown
117 shrink shrank shrunk
118 shut shut shut
119 sing sang sung
120 sink sank sunk
121 sit sat sat
122 sleep slept slept
123 slay slew slain
124 slide slid slid
125 sling slung slung
126 slit slit slit
127 smite smote smitten
128 sow sowed sowed/sown
129 speak spoke spoken
130 speed sped sped
131 spend spent spent
132 spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
133 spin spun spun
134 spit spit/spat spit
135 split split split
136 spread spread spread
137 spring sprang/sprung sprung
138 stand stood stood
139 steal stole stolen
140 stick stuck stuck
141 sting stung stung
142 stink stank stunk
143 stride strode stridden
144 strike struck struck
145 string strung strung
146 strive strove striven
147 swear swore sworn
148 sweep swept swept
149 swell swelled swelled/swollen
150 swim swam swum
151 swing swung swung
152 take took taken
153 teach taught taught
154 tear tore torn
155 tell told told
156 think thought thought
157 thrive thrived/throve thrived
158 throw threw thrown
159 thrust thrust thrust
160 tread trod trodden
161 understand understood understood
162 uphold upheld upheld
163 upset upset upset
164 wake woke woken
165 wear wore worn
166 weave weaved/wove weaved/woven
167 wed wed wed
168 weep wept wept
169 wind wound wound
170 win won won
171 withhold withheld withheld
172 withstand withstood withstood
173 wring wrung wrung
174 write wrote written