1. Define the nuclear force?

2. Write any two characteristic properties of nuclear force. 2011

3. What is the radius of the nucleus of ~tcu?
I~ 5. The nuclear radius of a nucleus with nucleon number 16 is 3 x 10- 15 m.
~ Then, find the nuclear radius of a nucleus with nucleon numbe ® -~

R. ::::, l2o I+ ~
3
R2. : : (A;;:_r 3 _ (12 8 \/ (_'l } ~ L
R; \_/:\1) - ){,

R2-:: ~ R1 =- d.. x 3 I' 16"1~ ~ ~~I a1~ m

~
6. The three stable isotopes of neon :t8Ne, t5Ne and t5Ne have
respective abundances of 90.51% 0.27 % and 9.22%. The atomic masses
of the three isotopes are 19.99 u, 20.99 u and 21.99 u, respectively. Obtain
the average atomic mass of neon .
 7. When four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium n cleu estimate
ct. _
the amount of energy in MeV released in this process of fusion (Negle;.;
the masses of electrons and neutrons) 2011
Given: (i) Mass of ½H = 1.00782 u
=
(ii) Mass of helium nucleus 4.002603 u,
lu = 931 Me V /c 2
~m:::: Yr'V1 ( ~ H) - m HE::_ i
f.Yl e,~o/16 ~ -= ~'ff\~ 9 31 Me.\}

&e<~ _ =~=(:i~C 11)-l'{)(~H~J~9~\ Nl~V

- ~x l·M7R~ - ~-~~ 26 ():,J x or~\ \'l\ V
== 2 6-'12 mfv ~ e_
'9~~i ~ , ~ ~ow does the size of a nucleus depend on its mass number? Hence
~~ plain why the density of nuclear matter should be indepe the
~ e of the nucleus. V~- U-."'-"'- (CBSE 2019)

R=-RoVt 3 Y-Nu~ = ~ ~ mfl-

~ ~ ~ Vok<M.-e..
o(~~ I/~
{rJ1,1Jw-t)
~nR"
~
= }1r R..1 'rfl =- {J.V(?'(~ ~ 1 (J. ~~
~':) Pt=m~'1'-<:) .
~ i (Rcfi?)
= 1'i I\"- ul \ AAch.,._, .
't R!~11
.?- '11),IV
r------ !1'~!K
N~~'y ~ - c-----r-J:::.
s

10. From the relation R = R 0 A 1 / 3 ,where R 0 is a constant and A is

the mass number of a ucleus, s ow that the nuclear matter
density is nearly constant (i.e., independent of A).
 Nu&w.1 ~
CD Heo-\la Yl\,f._,,'4Y"..... V""YV CD 1~0 VJ\t\l'e6 YllAcie1 %wx.
e. x0t U ~ .5kVV lAf rVIM=> :k> ~ ~a ,?o --bx'f(l °'-- ~ v Ie.y
t\No Y:.me>J).e-t nv~ . o\v.. '""...,.,.~

@ ~?- ~~ pn,-.;v,r-, ~~~&/)~ ~\-t:~4~

ON/ '(\O't ~ wirY"'ef ~Ji¼G'f-1) ~ ~ {Mq V\ ~ -..u-r,rv,
tr OGCu; .

@ ~-·- ~ ~ lM"-
pCl'<~Jq.
(f) ~~ck~~
 ~
v•·~ 1.v~

OGW
I'<

u-v"'-'l .
"J- (N.; (NI/) '"'-'"11\1 {.)\i\q C" b a.
~ ~c.,lJU\V~•VJ ~ ~ ~'k ~ to~ ~ ~ 1..~ ~o.4~
p<l'f~~-
~ ~ VJ_c.k__ F~ ®11-l ~ ~ )le_~
® [-V\~1o p~r )')U~V)
~ ~ ( ~ ~lAt>-! \;.~).
~ o, 8ts" M~\/ ® t'll'('r'f'J- fw ~ '/\1.\~ l/J
(0 1-li p,1lokeu ~~ f:\ b•'?s M~v
'( . act_~ ~t(- \Q_) ~'('ffi~.

® L1VU\iJ Ssk~ ~ ~\~ Ss~~

 Using the data
m(~H) = 2.014102 u
m(iH) = 3.016049 u
m(!He) = 4.002603 u
mn = 1.008665 u
lu - 931.5 Mev 2015

~ 'f'fl = ~' 14 I02 + 7' •()\tD\J9) - \.t. DO Htj -

0
\· () (\ ~ bb ',
-= a-al~~~:Sll
f~~ru ~-: a -a1i,i':) Y- 9~1·5....----,,..
-::: \'1·S ~°I Mf\; ~
,. 13. Classify the following six nuclides into
(i) lsotones
(ii) isotopes and
(iii) Isobars / /

~ 12c 3He
6 , 2 ,
19aHg
80
3H
• 1 •
197 Au
79 •
14c
6
14. A neutron is absorbed by a ~Li nucleus with the subsequent emission of
an alpha particle. Calculate the energy rele____ , e , int 1s reac
[Given · mass ~Li =6.015126 u; b I Hl/ H~ (\)
Mass (~eutron) = 1.0086654 u; "2_ Li -t- Yl ➔ e 'TI +- \
Mass (alpha particle) = 4.0026044 u; -::; 0 2
And mass (triton) =
3.0100000
2
u. ~,.,.,, I
Take lu= 931 MeV /c ] ' · · ~-6• (),~126+ -o 0 g~{,f,~~'7·02 ill\1J
- a."Vlu.
hYlo.2 T{)~-= 4-002601..\\f+',,())=- '1-D\2.6ti4~ O.'f'v\u..

&) :::: '=f. 0 23=7-91~ - 1-·ol2. ~tl\.l\f:::. 0, CJ\ \I~ l-f O o__W\U.,
15. When four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium
nucleus, estimate the amount of energy in MeV released in this
process of fusion. (Neglect the masses of electrons and
neutrinos) Given:

(i) mass of ½H = 1.007825 u

(ii) Mass of helium nucleus= 4.002603 u, 1 u = 931 MeV /c 2
 f
16. In a typical nuclear reaction, e.g., H + fH-+ ~He+ n + 3.27 MeV,
Although number of nucleons is conserved, yet energy is released. How? Explain.

6 t: : : : 6 YYl C z.
17. A neutron is absorbed by a ~Li nucleus with subsequent emission of an
alpha particle. Write the corresponding nuclear reaction. Calculate the energy
released in this reaction . 6 ½ 1~\ L..1 tr\ s
L) -;- V)-,
2 rieT I r1 +\.l(
Given : m(~Li) = 6.015126 amu; . ~ O MM
m(lHe) = 4.0026044 amu , l\,\,i+;o,Q •v="-'V'< i~-'--lf-.0-02-~-0-1..f-4-~-l<.
(~n) = 1.0086654 amu; "t\1 [,< =- b • 0) S-1 2 6 q"1i'1 lYJ":111 3 I
m(1H) = 3.016049 amu. f . iJ).K..bJ _ I •C)\-'o'--tq ~Y't!UJ
alpha particle. Write the corresponding nuclear reaction . Calculate the energy
released in this reaction. 6 L. \ H T] H+If\
l.-f
) --t oVl 7 2 e I ~
Given : m(~Li) = 6.015126 amu; . ~ nM l~'Vl

m( ! He) = 4.0026044 amu , w-hoJ) •v"-""Y' 1~ l(.o 02~oy4 ~l{

(5n) = 1.0086654 amu; )vJ Li,=. f,. 0 ) S:-1 2. {;, ql-1/c, 1,,j311 ~ \ _/ I
m( f H) = 3.016049 amu. f . ~ _ I •() ~o'--{9 t:{'t'tfL<!

~ lSYf)
-= 11v_~o.Q 'MMJ-~~
c t"],Qi:~:=r~I~ - f-·0\R~4Ss~
~ ·()C) c; /?,g Q ~ u_,

:::: 0 ,OC)~ls? 'f 93) Mfv~ ~ ~~~ ~0

'1
1 18. Assume that a neutron breaks into a proton and an
electron. Find the energy required during this process?
(Mass of neutron = 1.6725 x 10- 27 kg, mass of proton
= 1.6725 x 10- 27 kg, mass of electron = 9 x 10- 31 kg)
\ 0

I H + - \E: + a~'
:;J +
p~ el U,J;U)Jl·~
 19. 92 U 235 absorbs a slow neutron (thermal neutron) and undergoes a
fission represented by
- -,..?-'"' 92U23s + on1 ➔ 921/236 ➔ s6Ba141 + 36Kr92 + 3on1 +0
,....... ~-. Calculate: V
~ (i) The energy released E per fission.
(ii) The energy released when 1 g of 92 1/ 235 undergoes complete fission.
Given: 92 1/ 235= 235.1175 amu (4atom),
141
=
56 Ba 140.9577 amu (atom)
92 = 91.9264 amu (atom), 0 n 1 = 1.00868 amu,
36 Kr
1 amu = 931 MeV /c 2
~ - - - - - -
Q. If both the number of protons and neutrons in a nuclear reaction is
conserved. In what way is mass converted into energy (or vice versa)?
..
l 1
Explain giving one example. (2015)

-i. ~ s=- ~ ~\~ ~I: K + ~

1

q2u
+- 3 'v'I
+ 0 YI S6 IA, T 1 f, ~ D
 ----·-----

Q. Draw a graph showing the variation of bindin energy per nucleon with
mass number of different nuclei. Write any two salient features of the curve.
{2019)

10
. : -
__..''Fe_
8
•·o
·,c • r- ~ o
" I ,.,.. w
...
§
QJ
-g
'Hfi
II ·· N
•·•tu
'''"U
c 6
\ • •L

0°H
l 'H
Two salient features of the curve
(i) The binding energy per nucleon,Ebn is practically
constant, i.e.practica lly independe nt of the atomic number for nuclei of
middle mass number {30 < A > 170).
The curve has a maximum value of about 8. 75 MeV for A = 56 and has a
value of 7.6 MeV for A= 238.

(ii) Ebn is lower for both light nuclei (A< 30) and heavy nuclei (A> 170).