Cluster Jury
Cluster Jury
Cluster Jury
FASHION TECHNOLOGY
NUAPATNA
CLUSTER
Under the guidance of:
Dr. Binaya Bhusan Jena,
Professor
Department of Fashion
Management Studies
CLUSTER STUDIES
SUBMITTED BY:
Charu Tripathi
Sakshi Mahajan
Jayarekha K
Ishita Kundu
Meghna Roy
Nidhi Tiwari
Payal Parida
Department of Fashion
Management Studies National
Institute of Fashion
Technology (Ministry of Textiles,
Gov. of India)
2
CONTENT
1. Abstract 4
2. Decleration 5
3. Acknowledgement 6
4. Certificate 7
5. Objective 8
6. Introduction 9
7. History 10
8. Current Scenario 12
9. Process of Weaving 15
10. Forward/ Backward linkages 19
11 Government Intervention 20-
12 Types of designs 22
13 Design Interventions 22-24
14 SWOT 25
14. Toshali craft Fair 26-27
15. Suggestions 28
17. References 45
3
ABSTRACT
The current state of Indian handlooms from Nuapatna cluster is explored in this
document, with particular focus on the current market scenario of Nuapatna
handloom products of silk and cotton sarees produced with single Ikat technique,
followed by a discussion of the changing face of Indian fashion equation and how
designs are changing and evolving from past to present. We have also discussed how
the artisans are taking inspiration from the past and mixing them with current
requirements of the marketplace. We have evaluated the awareness of the the
handloom This study emphasises the need for mew marketing techniques by
examining the possibilities of improving the reach of the weavers outside Orissa and
also expanding its customer base through different channels.
4
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this project report entitled A Case Study on Historical
Importance and Value, Design Interventions and Outcomes of Nuapatna,
submitted by us under the guidance of DR. BINAYA BHUSAN JENA and
DR. SANTOSH TARAI National Institute of Fashion Technology towards
partial fulfillment of the degree of MASTER OF FASHION
MANAGEMENT in Cluster Studies, is our original work and has not been
submitted earlier to any other University /Institution for the fulfillment of the
requirement for any course of study. However, any material taken from any
other published source has been suitably referred to and acknowledged at
various places.
Names:
Ishita Kundu
Jayarekha K
Charu Tripathi
Meghna Roy
Nidhi Tiwari
Sakshi Mahajan
Batch: 2022-2024
Date: 13th April 2023
Place: Bhubaneswar
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our handloom cluster visit in Nuapatna, Odisha was a fleeting journey of erudition
where we achieved an unparalleled blend of learning and experience. We take this
opportunity to thank the people who have helped us in it, for the completion of our
document. We are thankful to our director sir, Mr. Rajesh Kumar Jha, for supporting us
with our cluster visit. We wish to place on records, our deep sense of gratitude to our
faculty mentor Dr. Binaya Bhusan Jena and Dr. Santosh Tarai, who has been a
constant source of encouragement and support for us in this project. We express our
very special thanks to our Centre Coordinator Prof. Lipsa Mohapatra, for her help and
guidance during the cluster visit. We are really thankful to Mr. Prasanna Guinn, for
letting us learn the practical aspects of handloom making. We are especially thankful
to Mr. Arjun Pal who took time to explain us the design aspects of the Nuapatna
cluster.
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled An Ikat Village- Nuapatna, submitted
towards the partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Fashion Management b y
Meghna Roy, Nidhi Tiwari, Jayarekha K, Sakshi Mahajan, Charu Tripathi and Ishita
Kundu and is their original work under my guidance and the results are based on the
research done by them
Name of Guide: Dr. Binaya Bhusan Jena & Dr. Santosh Tarai
Designation: Professor, FMS
Date:
Place: Bhubaneswar
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OBJECTIVES
8
INTRODUCTION
The glorious history of Indian traditional hand weaving has resulted in some of the most
gorgeously created textiles, mostly in the form of sarees. These sarees have been fascinating
with a variety of eye-catching colours and traditional motifs with some imaginative designs.
They have always appealed to the wealthy and royalty who used to patronise the crafts.
The handloom industry is a significant source of livelihood for the people of the town, and it
has a rich history that is deeply intertwined with the social and cultural fabric of the region.
Nuapatna lies between 85° 15’ to 85° 54’ east longitude and 20° 20’ to 20° 30’ north latitude.
The area of production consists of four blocks of the districts namely Baramba, Tigiria,
Banki and Athagarh. However, the main area of production is Nuapatna, a Panchayat having
about 5000 weavers with more than 3000 looms.
The handloom cluster in Nuapatna is one of the largest in Odisha, and it produces a wide
range of textiles, including sarees, dress materials, shawls, bed sheets, and towels. The
textiles produced in Nuapatna are renowned for their intricate designs, vibrant colours, and
high-quality craftsmanship. The handloom industry in Nuapatna has a unique identity, and it
has been recognized as a Geographical Indication (GI) by the Government of India.
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EARLY HISTORY (PRIMARY RESEARCH)
11
CURRENT SCENARIO OF
NUAPATNA CLUSTER
1. Living:
2. Working Conditions:
3. Wages:
5. Other occupations:
6, Art:
7. Survival:
1.Tying
After the pattern to be woven is sketched on graph paper, degumming of the yarn (mostly
cotton or silk) is done. Infact any yarn undergoes this pre-treatment process (washing it with
soda and soap water) to increase pliability and give the saree smooth and shinier texture.
Once the yarn is dry, it is tied to a wooden frame. This is the weft of the saree. Bindings
(cotton threads or rubber bands) that resist dye penetration are applied to narrow or wide
bundles of these threads (from as few as four in very fine Ikat) in locations defined by the
intended motif. After the bindings are in place, the threads are taken off the loom and
immersed in the first dye bath. After drying, the bindings are cut away; the threads are strung
onto the loom again and arranged carefully so that they match exactly. New bindings are put
in place for all locations that should not receive color in the second round of dyeing. Then
the tied threads are taken off the loom again, immersed in the next dye bath and so on, until
the desired multicolored pattern has been created. This technique, called tie-resist-dyeing,
requires great precision and meticulous planning - spanning over months, sometimes years.
2. Dyeing
Traditionally, colors from plants, flowers and barks of trees were used as dyes in the process.
But in recent times, increase in demand for Orissa Ikat has fueled the need to use chemical
dyes as well. Dyeing is done manually with acid dyes, sourced from Calcutta. Once the yarn is
tied and dyed in multiple colors, it is left to dry. Then the last set of bindings are cut away,
revealing the pattern that was initially planned on the graph.
3. Spinning
For the dyed yarn to be woven, they need to be opened up. The bunch is wound on a small
wooden charkhi which is put onto an axially rotating stick. One bunch on this charkhi rolls
out many more bunches on another charkhi that are of lesser thread-count. Then the bunch is
transferred on another charkhi, until single strands of cotton or silk are achieved. These
single strands that have the dyed pattern are rolled on to a spindle using a charkha (spin-
wheel) that is finally kept in a shuttle that the weaver uses to weave the fabric on the loom
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4. Weaving - hand loom
All the warp threads are threaded through the heald eyelet and its gap in the reed prior to
weaving. The reed is like a comb and its purpose is to control the separation of the warp
threads. In Nuapatna sarees, the warp yarn is plain i.e. has no pattern. These warp yarns are
interlaced by the tie-dyed weft (filling) yarns (kept in the shuttle) running along the width of
the loom, producing the woven fabric corresponding to the design on the graph.
Weft Ikat weaving is a slow process as the passes of the weft must be carefully adjusted to
maintain the clarity of the patterns. Passing the weft shuttle 80 times to and for weaves about
1 inch of fabric. Most weavers also combine Ikat pattern with a relief texture in the border of
the saree (supplementary warp and weft weaves) that makes it a specialty of the region.
17
5. Quality Check
Once the saree is ready, it is carefully examined for its quality and any defects. Then,it sent
for starch.
6. Starch
Most of the sarees are starched using ‘chawal ka paani’ (water that is left over after boiling
rice). The starched sarees are tightly wrapped over a wooden roll and left to dry in the sun.
This gives the fabric some stiffness and sheen. Then, these are carefully folded and sent to
the buyers (or shops).
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BACKWARD LINKAGE
FORWARD LINKAGE
• The co-operative society and the independent artisans sell their products to
brands like Fab India, Ritu kumar, Boyanika, Priyadarshini, Mehers, Reliance etc
• Apart from the brands, they also cater the local sellers.
• They also sell their products in certain exhibitions and fairs.
• Workers who work for Mahajan produce on the basis of orders and give it
to Mahajan, who then Marks up the price adding their margin and sell to the
brands ahead.
• Few independent artisans sell their products through social media handles like
Instagram and Facebook. They sell approximately 100-150 products per month (
India as well as other countries) with the margin of 5%-10%. Most of the orders
are from West Bengal (silk), Bangalore (silk) and Odisha (cotton).
• The exclusive handloom brands such as Anita Dongre-
AND, Rangriti(Viva), Bunkari. The Label Life, FabIndia, Karigari, and Indiloom,
Odisha Handloom , Gocoop sell products of Nuapatna
• Amazon India also acts as a 3rd party seller for Nuapatna products
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GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
The Nuapatna cluster in Odisha, India is known for its handloom weaving industry,
producing beautiful fabrics that are highly valued. However, this industry has been
facing various challenges in recent years, including competition from machine- made
fabrics, lack of modernization and marketing support, and a decline in the number of
skilled weavers.
To address these issues, the government of Odisha has taken various measures to
support the Nuapatna cluster. One of the main interventions is the implementation of the
Integrated Handloom Cluster Development Scheme (IHCD), which aims to provide
assistance for infrastructure development, skill upgradation, and market promotion of
handloom products. Under this scheme, the government has provided financial
assistance for construction of common facility centers, training programs for weavers,
and marketing support through exhibitions and fairs.
Additionally, the Odisha government has also initiated the 'Branding of Handloom
Products' scheme to provide a distinct identity to handloom products from the state,
including those from the Nuapatna cluster. Overall, these government interventions are
aimed at supporting the handloom weaving industry in Nuapatna and improving the
livelihoods of the weavers.
For the purpose of promoting their goods, master weavers, traders, and individual
weavers participate in exhibitions and expos at various locations. They actively engage
in the diversification of existing designs to satisfy customer demand.
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Khadi India
An entity of the Central government, Khadi India (Adarsh Khadi Utpadak Sangh), operates
shops all over the country. They have established an office in Nuapatna and serve as a sort
of intermediary between the market and the artisans. The only publicity Nuapatna weavers
receive nationwide is through this. The Khadi India craft cluster in Nuapatna is home to
many busy weavers. They produce higher-quality cotton and silk sarees, and 60–70% of the
designs are created by Khadi India. The remaining portion is the work of the weavers. The y
help the weavers financially and technologically.
Work shade , Solar light is provided to them to ensure their homes are lighted in the night,
Government also provides them bobbin winding machine and pitlooms, Mudra scheme
which gives loan of 2500
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DESIGN INTERVENTION
Orissa's Nuapatna textile is the most fundamental type o f
Ikat in Orissa. Gita Govinda and Khandua Patta are two
well-known fabrics from Nuapatna. The local people
from nearby regions used to consume these goods, whic h
were traditionally made and managed by craftsme n
themselves. These communities of traditional craftsme n
are now more and more at risk from the challenges posed
by the variety of "emerging lifestyles" that have changed
socioeconomic circumstances.
•The traditional
designs like Tarabali, Khandua, Nabakoti etc have their hi
storical values and are present since previous times.
•Kalyanimayee Co-operative society and brands
like Khadi India, Boyonika, FabIndia, Ritu Kumar, Anita
Dongre provide the designs that they need for their
orders. They provide the blue print pattern to
be transformed into a design on a saree.
•NIFT with the active support from the Ministry of
Textiles, aims to reach out to the artisans and
craftsmen and help
them with introducing innovative designs.
•Individual artisans create their own designs of their
choice. They get their inspiration from traditional basic
prints.
TYPES OF DESIGN
The village has a long tradition of Ikat weaving dating back 800 years. The weft Ikat is the
most fundamental type of Ikat in Orissa.
They basically have certain traditional designs and patterns which has been passed down
through generations. Few eye-catching designs includes,
Gita Govinda Ikats The calligraphic ceremonial cloth known as Gita Govinda ikats was
presented to Puri Jagannath. As a temple gift, it is said that the poet Jayadeva himself started
the custom of writing the verses on the cloh. The silk is referred to as "Bandha Gita Govindha"
in a report from 1719, which indicates that the lines were tied and dyed in ikat.
The Gita Govinda cloths, which are typically knitted by Buddhist weavers, are made in various
shapes, colors, and sizes for each of the three deities. Most of the lines are written in Oriya
script, though occasionally Devanagari is also used. 22
Gita Govinda Ikats The calligraphic
ceremonial cloth known as Gita Govinda ikats
was presented to Puri Jagannath. As a temple gift,
it is said that the poet Jayadeva himself started
the custom of writing the verses on the cloh. The
silk is referred to as "Bandha Gita Govindha" in a
report from 1719, which indicates that the lines
were tied and dyed in ikat.
The Gita Govinda cloths, which are typically
knitted by Buddhist weavers, are made in various
shapes, colors, and sizes for each of the three
deities. Most of the lines are written in Oriya
script, though occasionally Devanagari is also
used.
23
Nabhakoti – The Nabakothi Khandua
Silk saree is so called because it has nine
distinctive motifs in the Kothi or houses
that are arranged horizontally across the
body. The number nine is considered lucky.
The saree is frequently worn for special
events like weddings and religious rituals
due to the presence of these motifs and the
use of premium silk threads, which make it
a symbol of Odia culture and tradition. The
saree's authenticity and cultural importance
are also enhanced by the fact that it is made
in Nuapatna. Traditional handmade sarees
from the state of Odisha include the
Nabakothi Khandua Silk Saree. It is called
for the nine holy gems (nabakothi), which
are thought to bestow the wearer with luck
and prosperity.Ikat is a method used to
create the saree, which entails using a
variety of colored threads to weave
intricate patterns onto the cloth. The motifs
used in the saree are drawn from folklore
and nature, and they frequently feature
peacocks, lotus flowers, and other classic
Odia patterns. Nagathi Khandua Silk sarees
are renowned for their vibrant hues and
plush textures, which are made possible by
the use of premium silk threads. They
represent Odia culture and tradition and are
usually worn for special occasions like
weddings and religious ceremonies.
Strength : Weakness :
•Nuapatna traditional handloom products have •Quality of raw materials are not always
demand from national and international market same
•Availability of skilled weavers and masters. •Lack of cooperation among different
•Availability of plenty number of looms weaver groups
•National award winner masters are there •Lack of trust and ethics between
•Availability of all kinds of raw material mahajans/traders and weavers
•Availability of govt. Co-operative body for the •Unhealthy competition between
welfare of the cluster entrepreneurs and traders
•Number of mahajans, traders and S.M.E are •Limitations in designs and colours
there to help in finance and raw material for the • Low production capacity
artisans •Dependent on mahajan and traders for
•There are skilled helpers to prepare tie and dye marketing and sales
yarn as per design •No knowledge about digital medium and e-
•Good transportation facility from/to the main commerce
city •Artisans have no idea about market value of
•Availability of some small and medium their products
entrepreneurs who trades their own product •Poor connections with any government or
directly to the market private agency of exporters to export these
•Cluster weavers have experience to work for handloom products
designers like Ritu Kumar • Unstable yarn cost cause loss of the
•Mainly Boyonika, Priyadarshini and some product market value
local designers give production order on regular •No initiative from the co-operative for the
basis and help in marketing. marketing of Nuapatna products through out
the country
•No proper packaging for the product
Opportunity : Threats :
The fair provides a platform for artisans to showcase and sell their products,
including textiles, hand-woven saris, stone and wood carvings, metalwork and
jewellery. Visitors can also witness the artisans work, demonstrating their skills
and techniques.
Toshali Crafts Mela is a popular event that attracts visitors from across the
country and abroad, and is held during the winter season. The fair also provides a
boost to the state’s tourism industry, highlighting the rich cultural heritage and
artistic tradition of Odisha.
26
Product availability-
PRODUCT PRICE
27
HORECA MARKETING STRATEGY FOR NUAPATNA
HANDLOOM
Go Native
28
• Implementation prospect: Reaching out to hotels in Orissa for promoting the
Cluster
First and foremost, target will be the capital city Bhubaneswar as every district is
connected to the city. Some of the prime hotels are:
1. Mayfair Lagoon
2. Trident Bhubaneswar
3. Vivanta Bhubaneswar
4. Welcome Hotels by ITC
5. Swosti Grand
• Creating a brochure, magazine and pop up store for Nuapatna cluster products, it
will increase the cluster’s awareness
• The brochures and magazine can be created by the students of NIFT, the brochures
will be placed in the areas with maximum footfalls, in the reception counters,
auditoriums and restaurants.
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2) Hotels can tie up with clusters to make products for decorative purposes. The
products that can be created are as follows:
• Table cloths
• Cushion Covers
• Small pouches
• Pillow covers
• Bed runners
India Handloom brand was launched by the Prime Minister of India on the occasion
of the first National Handloom Day on August 7, 2015 in Chennai. It was launched
by the Government of India to provide assurance to the consumers about authenticity
of handloom products as well as product quality assurance. It differentiates high
quality handloom products and helps in earning trust of customers by endorsing their
quality in terms of raw materials, processing, embellishments, weaving design and
other quality parameters. The registration for India Handloom is granted to certain
specified eligible entities in respect of identified products which meet certain ideal
quality parameters.
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Process of Registration:
Independent weavers, master weavers and co-operative society can register themselves.
Benefits:
• Weavers will be able to get bulk orders and higher wages by interacting directly with
the market.
• It acts as a medium to provide contact details of the manufacturers to the buyers who
have the potential to order in bulk.
• Ministry of Textiles will actively promote the brand through media campaigns to
raise awareness among manufacturers as well as consumers and create demand for
products with the India Handloom brand.
• Registered users of the India Handloom Brand would be assisted in design
development, institutional finance and technical assistance as per the National
Handloom Development Programme.
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PACKAGING
• Few brands like Boyonika, Priyadarshini and Mehers already buy fabric from
Nuapatna and to help increase the reach and awareness of this craft, we can request these
Orissa based brands to add one crucial thing to their packaging- an artisan label. An
artisan label can contain all the important details of the artisan like picture, phone number
and a small message from the artisan. There will also be the provision of review, the
customer can contact Boyonika for any review they would like to give, or any suggestion
which can be collectively sent to the artisan.
• Benefits:
❖ The artisan will receive the due recognition for his product and the cluster will be
promoted.
❖ This can also help the artisan directly receive bulk orders or customized orders from
the customer which will generate great profit.
• Another aspect of packaging can be using waste or extra fabric for the packaging of
the product that is directly bought from the cluster.
• Benefits:
• This will generate employment since few artisans can be assigned to solely make
sustainable bags which can last the customer for a really long time
• It can be a small token back from Nuapatna. Such bags can also be a good choice for
gifting purposes.
• When the customer reuses these bags, it can also garner more attention to other
potential customers through word of mouth.
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TRAVEL & TOURISM
• Tourism offers great opportunities for emerging economies and developing countries.
Most of the visitors to the cluster presently are the students. Foreigners
visit Nuapatna once in a while if they are suggested by their tourist guide.
• Proble m: There is no mention of Nuapatna Ikat in the columns of Odisha Handloom in
Odisha tourism. Even though it has the GI tag, still the other Ikat clusters are more known
than this one.
• Suggestion:
❖ Putting a proper article about the cluster.
❖ Talking to the tourist guides to promote Nuapatna more.
❖ Start a campaign encouraging tourists to spend 1 day in Nuapatna for experiencing a
beautiful life of countryside.
• Implementation And Benefits:
❖ People prefer the official tourist site before visiting any place. A strong presence there
would help the cluster to promote itself better
❖ Talking to the local tourist guides and asking them to promote Nuapatna with word of
mouth and also insisting the tourists to spend a day in Nuapatna to enjoy the local
food, sight seeing and experince the manufacturing of Ikat products.
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DISTRIBUTION OF NUAPATNA HANDLOOM IN DEFENCE SERVICES
Direct Procurement: Defence units also directly procure handloom products, such as
towels, bed sheets, bedcovers, curtains, table covers, carpets etc from weavers in rura l
areas for use in their Officer’s Mess all over the country.This provides a steady market
for rural artisans and their products and helps them earn a sustainable income.
Display In CSD & Non-CSD: These products after procurement are also kept in various
CSD’s & non CSD’s. Different permanent outlets near CSD called by various names like
Sajni, Aahwan, Aarohi, Grahasthi etc. which keep these handloom items throughout the
year at every Army station.
35
Awareness sessions : There are various lectures & sessions that happen from time to time
to teach & make the soldiers families aware about the rich heritage about the state where the
unit is. These are generally done by showing them the videos & pictures and also visiting the
place if possible as part of recreational outings with a purpose
Social Media Promotion: AWWA also uses social media platforms such as Facebook and
Twitter to promote handloom products and artisans. They share stories and pictures of
weavers and their products, which helps create awareness about the importance of supporting
the handloom industry.
Overall, AWWA's efforts in promoting the handloom sector are focused on preserving
traditional weaving techniques, promoting entrepreneurship, and creating opportunities for
weavers and artisans to showcase their products and connect with potential buyers. by
providing marketing support, direct procurement, and training and skill development
programs for weavers and artisans
36
Implementation
As the state is untouched by the Defense fraternity, there is a very strong scope of connecting
the Handloom & Handicraft sector with the Defense. AWWA is already doing this awareness &
promotion for other states cluster.
Market Linkages: AWWA can help the handloom cluster in finding markets for their
products. As AWWA has a vast network, it can help the cluster in showcasing their products in
various exhibitions, fairs, and trade shows. AWWA can also help the cluster in connecting with
.
potential buyers, retailers, and wholesalers
Skill Development: AWWA can provide skill development training to the weavers and
artisans of the handloom cluster. It can organize workshops on design, weaving techniques, and
product diversification. This will not only help the weavers in enhancing their skills but also in
creating products that are more in tune with the current market demand.
Financial Assistance: AWWA can also provide financial assistance to the handloom cluster.
It can provide them with loans, grants, and subsidies to set up their business, buy raw material,
and invest in equipment. This can help the weavers in overcoming their financial constraints
and focus more on their craft.
Branding and Marketing : AWWA can also help the handloom cluster in branding and
marketing their products. It can help them in creating a brand identity, logo, and marketing
collaterals. It can also help them in developing an online presence through e-commerce
platforms, social media, and other digital channels.
37
FASHION SHOW/TRADE SHOW IN NUAPATNA
Set a budget: We set a budget for the event. The budget should cover expenses such as venue
rental, seating arrangement & chair rentals, promotional materials and other miscellaneous
expenses. Budget expense can be taken care by NIFT government programmes and by the
society heads.
Select the venue: Once you have set a budget, the next step is to select a suitable venue in
NUAPATNA for the event. The venue should be easily accessible and should have adequate
space for booths, stages, and other requirements. Having the fashion show on the roads and
street can be budget friendly and may also attract a lot of crowds. Create an exhibit plan:
Create a detailed exhibit plan that outlines the products to be showcased, the booth design, and
the materials required. This should include details such as the display of unique fabrics,
garments, and accessories, as well as the weaving techniques used in creating the products. The
show must also include their cultural practices and the backstory of the artisans.
Invite Retailers: Once the venue has been selected, the next step is to invite retailers. This
could include handloom designers, fashion brands, and other industry experts. We can also
invite potential buyers and customers to attend the event. Like in spectrum NIFT students had
approached a lot of food retailers to sponsor, we can approach store managers and big retailers
to come and attend the trade/fashion show who are interested to buy in bulk.
Follow up: After the event, follow up with the artisans, society head and attendees shall be
done. Collect feedback and suggestions for improvement. Use this feedback to plan better
events in the future.
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Who will implement it?
39
FEATURE IN INFLIGHT MAGAZINE
42
ONLINE MARKETING
PROBLEM
Even though he has been doing this business for the past 3 years, the social media reach is
not as he desired
43
Suggestion:
•Budding freelancers can be hired by the business owner (Dipuna Khatual) for creating
and managing social-media campaigns as well as creating websites which can bring in
more sales therefore generating more income.
•We can help him in the above mentioned process.
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REFERENCES
• HoReCa marketing strategies explained in detail (for vendors and producers) | SharpGrid.
(n.d.). https://www.sharpgrid.com/ontrade-insights-eng/horeca-marketing-strategies-
tactics?ophqt=cbb3ce00efa82c4d15de391413d3078647b8895d7ab51b74
• India Handloom Brand. (n.d.). https://www.indiahandloombrand.gov.in/
• Handloom cluster Nuapatna and Gopalpur.docx.
(n.d.). Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/488827592/Handloom-cluster-Nuapatna-
and-Gopalpur-docx#
• https://www.nift.ac.in/
• https://retailmarketing.co.in/horeca- marketing/
• https://www.goindigo.in/campaigns/hello-6e.html
• https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/search.html?keyword=nuapatna