Lesson 10

Musical
Content
on Timbre
MUSIC
Members
Inna Abinal
Irene Botor
Jake Beliber
James Nico Nuevo
Jayle Ann Borromeo
Jaymar Mallanes
Jennifer Naldo
Jeny Iballar
Viramee Barcenal
 Come, Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source
of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth
your brilliance upon my dense intellect,

Prayer
dissipate the darkness which covers me, that
of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a
penetrating mind to understand, a retentive
memory, method and ease in learning, the
lucidity to comprehend, and abundant grace
in expressing myself. Guide the beginning of
my work, direct its progress, and bring it to
successful completion. This I ask through Jesus
Christ, true God and true man, living and
reigning with You and the Father, forever and
ever. Amen.
Quote of the Day
“Music expresses that which cannot be said
and on which it is impossible to be silent”
Victor Hugo
 1. Get a birds-eye view of
content topics under
timbre as written in the
Department of

OBJECTIVES Education curriculum,

and
2. Review and familiarize
with the musical
content pertaining to
timbre
Recap
A C E D
 GUESS ME!

01 02
 GUESS ME!

01 02

Triangle- Percussion Section Flute- Woodwinds Section

 GUESS ME!

03 04
 GUESS ME!

03 04

Bass Drum- Drum and Lyre Section Bandurria- Rondalla Section

 GUESS ME!

05 06
 GUESS ME!

05 06

Trumpet- Brass Section Violin- String Section

 THINK: Overview and Review:

First, it would be helpful to get an overview of content topics under this musical
element. Presented below is an outline prepared for you and is based on the
current version of the Department of Education's (DepEd) Curriculum for Music.

Timbre

For Grade 1: Quality of Sound in Music Difference between Speaking and Singing

For Grade 2: Quality of Sound in Music Introduction to Voice Production

Differentiation in Sound Quality Introduction to Musical Instruments

For For Grade 3: Voice Production Techniques

Variations in Sound Quality:
a Similar
b. Different
 THINK: Overview and Review:

For Grade 4:
Variations of Sound:
a. Instrumental
b. Vocal

For Grade 5:
Vocal and Instrumental Sounds Basic Voice Range Classifications:
a. Soprano
b. Alto
c. Tenor
d. Bass
Aural and Visual Identification of Instruments in:
a. Drum and Lyre Band
b. Rondalla
c. Native Bamboo Orchestra ("Pangkat Kawayan")

For Grade 6: Introduction to Instruments of the Western Orchestra

What is Timbre?
also known as tone color, refers to the character and quality
of a sound that differentiate one musical instrument or voice
from another. It gives a certain identity to a musical
instrument.
Music may be divided into two major categories: that which is
produced from our own bodies, exemplified by the voice vocal
music), and music that is produced from playing instruments
(instrumental music).
Music may be played in different ways such as the following:

01 Solo

The word "solo" means "alone" in Italian. It is a musical

composition for a single instrument without
accompaniment, or a work wherein a single instrument
or voice is featured eminently throughout, even with
accompaniment.
Music may be played in different ways such as the following:

02 Duet

Basically, it is a musical composition written for

two parts, or two prominent parts supported by an
accompaniment.
Music may be played in different ways such as the following:

03 Trio

It is a musical composition written for three

parts, either for voice or instruments.
Music may be played in different ways such as the following:

04 Ensemble

It is a musical composition written for a relatively large

group of performers. Some examples of ensembles are
choirs, orchestras, and bands. However, small musical
groups of four or five people may still be considered as
an ensemble.
 Voice Range Classifications
a.
It is a type of human voice with the
Soprano highest pitch, usually possessed by
women, though there are some boys
who are classified under this type in
their younger years, but change as they
grow and mature. In an SATB (Soprano,
Alto, Tenor, and Bass) choir setting, it is
the topmost voice.
 Voice Range Classifications
b.

Alto Also called contralto, it is a low

female voice. In an SATB choir
piece it is the second highest
part.
 Voice Range Classifications
c.

Tenor This range is the naturally

highest occurring type of voice
in adult males
 Voice Range Classifications
d.

Bass This is the lowest sounding male

voice.

In reality, there are more voice range classifications, such as the

baritone mezzo soprano, bass baritone, and lyric soprano, but for
elementary students, the four abovementioned will suffice.
 Identifying Ensemble Instruments

01 Drum and Lyre Band

Also called a drum and lyre corps, it is a type of Filipino

marching band that was derived from the drum and bugle
corps, for reasons of it being more economically feasible to
maintain and organize. It is made up primarily of two
sections: the lyre section, which plays the melody, and the
drum section, which functions as the accompaniment part.
Instruments of the Drum and Lyre Band:

a Lyre

Also called bell lyre, it is a

portable percussion instrument
where a set of tuned steel bars
are hit by either metal or
wooden mallets.
Instruments of the Drum and Lyre Band:

b Snare Drum
It is composed of a cylinder-shaped shell
with two heads. usually made out of wood
or metal. This shell has two heads, the
bottom part outfitted with gut wires or
strings called snares that run parallel to
one another. The upper head, also called
the batter head, is usually struck with
wooden sticks.
Instruments of the Drum and Lyre Band:

c Tenor Drum

A deep cylindrical drum, it is

struck with felt-headed or side-
drum sticks. It is not outfitted with
snares. It is also called a long drum.
Instruments of the Drum and Lyre Band:

d Bass Drum

Also consisting of a cylindrical shell

with two heads, this drum is bigger,
around 36 inches in diameter and 16
inches deep.
Instruments of the Drum and Lyre Band:

e Cymbals
Usually held by hand in pairs,
these instruments provide loud,
occasional accents while marching.
These are broad circular plates
with a small bump or boss in the
middle. Cymbals are usually made
of a tin and copper alloy.
 Identifying Ensemble Instruments

02 Rondalla

Originating from Spain, it is an ensemble (performing group)

that was later customized and transformed to fit Filipino
culture. Also called the Filipino "stringed band," these groups
play a wide range of repertoire, from folk, modern, and even
foreign classical music. The usual instruments found within a
rondalla are the bandurria, laud, octavina, guitar, and double
bass.
Instruments of the Rondalla:

a Bandurria

Also called bell lyre, it is a

portable percussion instrument
where a set of tuned steel bars
are hit by either metal or
wooden mallets.
Instruments of the Rondalla:

b Laud
Similar to the bandurria, this
plucked instrument is also
tuned in fourths, but is pitched
one octave lower. It is
relatively bigger than the
bandurria.
Instruments of the Rondalla:

c Octavina

It has a shape almost exactly

like the guitar, but has a set
of 14 strings. This plucked
instrument shares the same
tuning as the laud
Instruments of the Rondalla:

d Guitar
Plucked either with or without a
plectrum, the guitar has six
strings, a single open round
sound hole, a slightly curved
back, and sides in the figure of
a waist. It is one of the most
widely used and popular musical
instruments.
Instruments of the Rondalla:

e Double Bass

Also called contrabass, it is the

largest of the bowed string
instruments and has the lowest
pitch. It is related to the violin,
viola, and cello. It can be played
either by plucking or with a bow.
03 Native Bamboo Ensemble ("Pangkat Kawayan")

It is a unique Filipino performing group or ensemble that uses

nontraditional bamboo instruments, sourced locally. Also known
as the "Singing Bamboos of the Philippines, this group is
composed of musically talented elementary students from
Manila and Quezon City. It was founded on September 6, 1966.
The instruments this group uses are the bamboo tube or
"bumbong," the bamboo marimba or "talungating," the bamboo
piano or "tipangklung," the bamboo flute or "tulali," the bamboo
knockers or "kalatok," and the bamboo musical rattles or
"angklung.
Kalatok Talungating
Bumbong

Tulali
Angklung
04 The West Orchestra

The modern orchestra is divided into several sections,

namely: the strings, the woodwinds, the brasses, and
the percussion. A conductor usually leads an
orchestra. The term "orchestra" is of Greek origin,
which referred to the area directly in front of the
stage in concert halls, theaters, and other
performance venues.
05 String Sections

The instruments of this section produce sounds by

either bowing or plucking tight strings attached to a
hollow resonating box that amplifies the sound.
Instruments of the String Section:

a Violin
A stringed instrument that is commonly
bowed but may also be plucked, it has a hollow,
resonating body made of wood with an
attached neck and peg box. Its fingerboard,
just like all the other instruments in this
section, does not have frets. It has four
strings and is the highest-pitched member of
this section. It can be played either as a solo or
an ensemble instrument.
Instruments of the String Section:

b Viola

Slightly larger than the violin, it is the

second highest-pitched member of the
violin family. Music for the viola is usually
notated in the alto clef, and its four
strings are tuned a fifth below that of
the violin.
Instruments of the String Section:

c Cello

Also called violoncello, it is the second

lowest-pitched of the bowed string
instruments and possesses a deep, rich
tone in its low register. Due to its size, the
cello is played between one's legs. It has a
lower range than the viola.
Instruments of the String Section:

d Double Bass

Also called contrabass, it is the largest

of the bowed string instruments and
has the lowest pitch and range. It can be
played either by plucking or with a bow.
05 Woodwinds Section

The instruments of this section were initially

constructed out of wood, but today some of them
are made out of metal. Blowing wind into a tube sets
up vibrations that in turn make sounds.
Instruments of the Woodwinds Section:

a Flute

The flute is a long, slender, cylindrical

shape instrument wherein the player
blows through a side hole. It is held
horizontally. Its timbre is usually gentle,
light, and airy, but can also stand out
clearly when played in a higher register.
Instruments of the Woodwinds Section:

b Clarinet

Sound is produced by blowing into a reed

(a small piece of cane) which vibrates.
Slightly conical in shape, it is usually
made of ebony. Its timbre is rich and
flexible, close to the sound of a human
voice.
Instruments of the Woodwinds Section:

c Oboe
Just like clarinet, the oboe uses a reed, but in
this case, it has a double reed. Blowing air into
an oboe is relatively harder since a player has
to force air between two reeds which are
lashed together. Because of this, the oboe has a
crisp and focused sound. Before a performance,
the oboe usually gives the standard tuning pitch
(A or La) to the entire orchestra.
Instruments of the Woodwinds Section:

d Bassoon

the bassoon is a low-ranged woodwind,

bigger and longer than the other
woodwind instruments. Its bore is folded
in the middle to reduce its lengthy
exterior dimensions.
06 Brass Section

Brass instruments tend to be the loudest of the wind

instruments. To produce a sound, the player blows
into a small metal mouthpiece which makes the lips
vibrate. This vibration sets up vibrations inside the
brass tube.
Instruments of the Brass Section:

a Trumpet
It is the instrument with the highest
range in this section. It has a bright
and powerful tone. It is usually used
in martial or military themes Pitches
are controlled by a valve that either
connects or disconnects the main
tubes with the secondary tubes.
Instruments of the Brass Section:

b French Horn

It is lower, mellower than the

trumpet. Its tube is coiled into
s somewhat circular fashion,
which gives it its distinct
shape.
Instruments of the Brass Section:

c Trombone
Instead of using a valve like
the trumpet and the French
horn the trombone uses a
sliding mechanism to produce
and control pitches. The
trombone has a lower range
than the trumpet.
Instruments of the Brass Section:

d Tuba

Having a low register, this instrument

usually is the foundation for the brass
section. It is less flexible than the
other brass instruments.
07 Percussion Section

Percussion instruments produce sound by striking or

hitting them with wooden or metal mallets or sticks.
Some percussion instruments have a definite pitch,
such as the timpani, xylophone, tubular bells, and
marimba, while others have indefinite pitches like
gongs and drums.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

a Timpani or Kettledrums

These are large drums that are capable of

being tuned into exact low pitches or
sounds. These are usually played in groups
of two or three. Specialized drumsticks
called timpani sticks or timpani mallets are
used in hitting the drumhead to produce
sounds.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

b Glockenspiel
Related to the lyre, this
instrument has small steel
bars that when struck,
produce a brilliant,
penetrating sound.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

c Celesta
Not played with sticks or mallets,
the celesta has a keyboard and is
played similarly like a piano,
though it is smaller in size. It
produces a delicate, metallic
sound.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

Usually mounted on stands, a

d Marimba marimba is played like the
xylophone in that it is struck
with mallets. It is originally an
African instrument. It has
resonators under each of its
bars.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

e Triangle

It is a small handheld triangular

instrument made of metal that gives
a bright, sparkling sound when
struck.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

f Snare Drum
It is composed of a cylinder-shaped shell
with two heads, usually made out of wood
or metal. This shell has two heads, the
bottom part outfitted with gut wires or
strings called snares that run parallel to
one another. The upper head, also called
the batter head, is usually struck with
wooden sticks.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

g Tenor Drum

A deep cylindrical drum, it is struck

with felt-headed or side- drum
sticks. It is not outfitted with
snares. It is also called a long drum.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

h Bass Drum

Also consisting of a cylindrical shell

with two heads, this drum is bigger,
around 36 inches in diameter and 16
inches deep.
Instruments of the Percussion Section:

i Cymbals
Usually held by hand in pairs, these
instruments provide loud, occasional
accents while marching. These are
broad circular plates with a small
bump or boss in the middle. Cymbals
are usually made of a tin and copper
alloy.
Thank you!