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Chordata

The document discusses characteristics of different animal phyla. It provides details about Hemichordata, Chordata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata. Key characteristics include the presence of a notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail in Chordata. Urochordata are marine tunicates that have a restricted notochord in the larval tail. Cephalochordata like Branchiostoma have a notochord that extends from head to tail throughout their life.

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Rinita Mitra
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80 views32 pages

Chordata

The document discusses characteristics of different animal phyla. It provides details about Hemichordata, Chordata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata. Key characteristics include the presence of a notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail in Chordata. Urochordata are marine tunicates that have a restricted notochord in the larval tail. Cephalochordata like Branchiostoma have a notochord that extends from head to tail throughout their life.

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Rinita Mitra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ANIMAL KINGDOM-HEMICHORDATA
Characteristics of Hemichordata
✓ Habitat: Widely distributed in
shallow, marine waters; soft bodied
and wormlike
✓ Deuterostome animals with a body
divided into three regions:
proboscis, collar, and trunk;
ANIMAL KINGDOM-HEMICHORDATA
Characteristics of Hemichordata
✓ Digestion: Complete
✓ Respiration: Ciliated pharyngeal slits
✓ Circulation: Open circulatory system
✓ Excretion: Proboscis has a glomerulus,
which is the excretory organ.
✓ Nervous system: Dorsal, sometimes
tubular, nerve cord
ANIMAL KINGDOM-HEMICHORDATA
Characteristics of Hemichordata
✓ Reproduction: Sexes are separate.
✓ Fertilization external.
✓ Development is indirect.
✓ Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus
ANIMAL KINGDOM-CHORDATA
Characteristics of Chordata
✓ Notochord: Provides skeletal

support, and develops into the

vertebral column in vertebrates.

✓ Nerve Cord: The dorsal hollow

nerve cord develops into the central

nervous system: the brain and spine.


ANIMAL KINGDOM-CHORDATA
Characteristics of Chordata
✓ Pharyngeal slits: Are openings in
the pharynx that develop into gill
arches in bony fish and into the
jaw and inner ear in terrestrial
animals.
✓ Post-anal tail: Is a skeletal
extension of the posterior end of
the body, being absent in humans
and apes, although present during
embryonic development.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHORDATES
Chordata

Protochordata Vertebrata
Notochord from head to tail
Notochord only Replaced by vertebral column
in laval stage

Subphylum Subphylum Laks Jaws


Urochordata Cephalochordata
Gnathostomata Agnatha
Bears Jaws

Super Class Pisces


Superclass
Bears Fins Class Cyclostomata
Tetrapoda

Bears Limbs
Class
Class Osteichthyes
Chondrichthyes
Bony fish Class Mammals
Cartilaginous fish Class Reptiles Class Aves
Class Amphibians
ANIMAL KINGDOM-UROCHORDATA
Characteristics of Urochordata
✓ Habitat: Exclusively marine
✓ They are commonly called tunicates
✓ Adult are covered with cellulose-like
carbohydrate material, called the tunic
✓ Mostly sessile.
ANIMAL KINGDOM-UROCHORDATA
ANIMAL KINGDOM-UROCHORDATA
Characteristics of Urochordata
✓ Notochord (restricted to tail)
✓ Nerve cord only in larval stage.
✓ Adults only maintain pharyngeal slits
and lack a notochord, a dorsal hollow
nerve cord, and a post-anal tail.
✓ Hermaphrodites, show retrogressive
metamorphosis.
✓ E.g. Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum.
ANIMAL KINGDOM- CEPHALOCHORDATA
Characteristics of Cephalochordata
✓ Notochord extends from head to tail
region and is persistent throughout the life
✓ Exclusively marine
✓ Fish-like
✓ No definite coelom
✓ Sexes are separate
✓ E.g. Branchiostoma (Amphioxus or
Lancelet)
Lancelet
4% 6% 14%
9% 5%

9%
18%
6%

9% 20%

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