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    Software Life Cycle

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    humamahmed47
    The document discusses the software life cycle and algorithm design. It describes the six phases of the software life cycle as information gathering, analysis and specification, design, implementation, testing and debugging, and maintenance. It defines an algorithm as a precise sequence of instructions that leads to a solution, and says algorithms must have inputs, outputs, definiteness, finiteness, and correctness. The document also explains that program design involves a problem-solving phase to develop an algorithm and an implementation phase to code it, and that following this two-phase process avoids errors.

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    Software Life Cycle

    Uploaded by

    humamahmed47
    14 views2 pages
    The document discusses the software life cycle and algorithm design. It describes the six phases of the software life cycle as information gathering, analysis and specification, design, implementation, testing and debugging, and maintenance. It defines an algorithm as a precise sequence of instructions that leads to a solution, and says algorithms must have inputs, outputs, definiteness, finiteness, and correctness. The document also explains that program design involves a problem-solving phase to develop an algorithm and an implementation phase to code it, and that following this two-phase process avoids errors.

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    The document discusses the software life cycle and algorithm design. It describes the six phases of the software life cycle as information gathering, analysis and specification, design, implementation, testing and debugging, and maintenance. It defines an algorithm as a precise sequence of instructions that leads to a solution, and says algorithms must have inputs, outputs, definiteness, finiteness, and correctness. The document also explains that program design involves a problem-solving phase to develop an algorithm and an implementation phase to code it, and that following this two-phase process avoids errors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    14 views2 pages

    Software Life Cycle

    Uploaded by

    humamahmed47
    The document discusses the software life cycle and algorithm design. It describes the six phases of the software life cycle as information gathering, analysis and specification, design, implementation, testing and debugging, and maintenance. It defines an algorithm as a precise sequence of instructions that leads to a solution, and says algorithms must have inputs, outputs, definiteness, finiteness, and correctness. The document also explains that program design involves a problem-solving phase to develop an algorithm and an implementation phase to code it, and that following this two-phase process avoids errors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Computer Programming Software Life Cycle by Dr.

    Fatima Bahjat

    The Software Life Cycle


    Designers of large software systems, such as compilers and operating systems, divide the software
    development process into six phases collectively known as the software life cycle. The six phases of this life
    cycle are:

    (1) Information gathering.


    (2) Analysis and specification of the task (problem definition)
    (3) Design of the software (object and algorithm design)
    (4) Implementation (coding)
    (5) Testing and debugging.
    (6) Maintenance and evolution of the system

    Algorithms
    A sequence of precise instructions which leads to a solution is called an algorithm. Some approximately
    equivalent words are recipe, method, directions, procedure, and routine. The instructions may be
    expressed in a programming language or a human language.

    A computer program is simply an algorithm expressed in a language that a computer can understand. Thus,
    the term algorithm is more general than the term program.

    The term algorithm is more general than the term program.

    An algorithm is a sequence of precise instructions that leads to a solution.

    A problem can be solved by many different algorithms.

    Pseudocode is a mixture of C++ (or some other programming language) and English (or some other natural
    language). Pseudocode is used to express algorithms so that you are not distracted by details of C++ syntax.

    Every Algorithm must satisfy the following properties:

    (1) Input- There should be 0 or more inputs supplied externally to the algorithm.
    (2) Output- There should be at least 1 output obtained.
    (3) Definiteness- Every step of the algorithm should be clear and well defined.
    (4) Finiteness- The algorithm should have finite number of steps.
    (5) Correctness- Every step of the algorithm must generate a correct output.

    Program Design

    Designing a program is often a difficult task. There is no complete set of rules, no algorithm to tell you how
    to write programs. Program design is a creative process. Still, there is the outline of a plan to follow.

    ICE- CP-1st class-1st semester (2023-2024) Page 1 of 2


    Computer Programming Software Life Cycle by Dr. Fatima Bahjat

    the entire program design process can be divided into two phases, the problem-solving phase and the
    implementation phase. The result of the problem-solving phase is an algorithm, expressed in English, for
    solving the problem. To produce a program in a programming language such as C++, the algorithm is
    translated into the programming language. Producing the final program from the algorithm is called the
    implementation phase.

    Many novice programmers do not understand the need to design an algorithm before writing a program in
    a programming language, such as C++, and so they try to short-circuit the process by omitting the problem-
    solving phase entirely, or by reducing it to just the problem-definition part. This seems reasonable. Why
    not “go for the mark” and save time? The answer is that it does not save time! Experience has shown that
    the two-phase process will produce a correctly working program faster. The two-phase process simplifies
    the algorithm design phase by isolating it from the detailed rules of a programming language such as C++.
    The result is that the algorithm design process becomes much less intricate and much less prone to error.
    For even a modest-size program, it can represent the difference between a half day of careful work and
    several frustrating days of looking for mistakes in a poorly understood program.

    ICE- CP-1st class-1st semester (2023-2024) Page 2 of 2

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