A

Project Phase-I Report

On

Fruit disease detection and nutrition

SUBMITTED BY

Student Name Exam No:

Student Name Exam No:
Student Name Exam No:

Under The Guidance of

Prof. Name

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

D.Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AKURDI, PUNE – 411044

2021-2022
 D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AKURDI, PUNE – 411044
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Entitled

Fruit disease detection and nutrition

Submitted by

Student Name Exam No:-

Student Name Exam No:-
Student Name Exam No:-

satisfactorily under my guidance and submitted the project phase-I report in partial
fulfillment of requirement for the award of Bachelors Degree of Engineering course
under the Savitribai Phule Pune University during the academic year 2021-2022.

Prof. Mrs Swati Aswale Prof. HOD Name

Internal Guide H.O.D
Dept.of Electronics and Telecommunication Dept.of Electronics and Telecommunication
 D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AKURDI, PUNE – 411044
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that following students of B.E. Electronics Telecommunication

have completed the project phase-I on ‘Project Title’ satisfactorily under my guid-
ance and submitted the project phase-I report in partial fulfillment of requirement
for the award of Bachelors Degree of Engineering course under the Savitribai Phule
Pune University during the academic year 2021-2022.

Submitted by

Student Name Exam No:-

Student Name Exam No:-
Student Name Exam No:-

Prof. Mrs Swati Aswale Prof. HOD Name

Internal Guide H.O.D
Dept.of Electronics and Telecommunication Dept.of Electronics and Telecommunication
 Abstract
We propose a computer vision system that detects the external de-
fects of fruits using multi-spectral imaging sensor. First, the pro-
posed algorithm segments the fruit from the captured Near-Infra
Red (NIR) and RGB images using only the NIR component. Sec-
ond, some adaptive pre-processing techniques are applied on the
segmented RGB and NIR fruit images. Hence, a thresholding tech-
nique is utilized in order to detect the defects in seven different color
components of the fruit. Finally, a voting process is applied on the
seven threshold color components images to determine if the fruit
image is defected or defect free. The services and package delivery
companies have evolved in past year. Online shopping provide many
advantages for postal and courier business. Goods packages from
the seller use a box-shaped cardboard boxes or wooden boxes of
various sizes. Contour-based object detection is algorithm of shape
representation based on contour. Contour consists of edge or curve
fragments, which present some geometric concepts. Size measure-
ment is important for determining a surface area. Dimensions usu-
ally measurement of an object in length, width and height. The
length, width, and height of the parcel box, there will be a multi-
plication program is used to obtain the result of volume. Therefore,
contour-based object detection can be applied for automatic sort-
ing system to measurement volume of an object in computer vision
based. Color and size are the most important features for accurate
classification and sorting of fruit. Because of the ever-growing need
to supply high quality food products within a short time, automated
grading of agricultural products is getting special priority among
many farmer associations. The impetus for these trends can be at-
tributed to increased awareness
Keywords- disease detection, pre-processing, feature extraction, ar-
tificial neural network, diseases classification

I
II
 Acknowledgments

Please Write here Acknowledgment.Example given as

It gives us great pleasure in presenting the preliminary project report on ‘Corona
forcasting Using Machine Learning Algorithm’.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank my internal guide Prof.Amruta kapre
for giving me all the help and guidance I needed. I am really grateful to them for
their kind support. Their valuable suggestions were very helpful.

I am also grateful to Prof. Aparna V. Mote, Head of Computer Engineering Depart-

ment, CollegeName for his indispensable support, suggestions.

In the end our special thanks to Other Person Name for providing various resources
such as laboratory with all needed software platforms, continuous Internet connec-
tion, for Our Project.

Student Name
Student Name
Student Name
(B.E.E& TC.)

III
 INDEX

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.2 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Literature Survey 3
2.1 Study Of Research Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Problem Statement 13

4 Project Requirement 15
4.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.1 User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.2 Hardware Interfaces: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.3 Software Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.1 Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.2 Safety Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.3 Software Quality Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5 System Analysis 19
5.1 system Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.1.1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.1.2 Data Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.2 UML DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Software Information 27

7 Project Plan 33
7.1 Stakeholder List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.2 System Implementation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8 Conclusion 36
8.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

9 References 38

V
List of Figures

5.1 system Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.2 DFD 0 diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.3 DFD 1 diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4 DFD 2 diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.5 Usecase Diagram Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.6 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.7 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.8 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6.1 WaterFall Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW

Fruit are an integral part of ecosystem. Due to deforesting many plant species are un-
der the risk of annihilation. Fruits are useful for human being and other living things.
They are useful as foodstuff, as medicine and also in many industries. Identifying
fruits helps ensure the protection and survival of all natural life. Fruit identification
can be performed using many different techniques using the fruits. Fruits are useful
to classify since they are more readily available than the other biometric components
like flowers which are available for a short period. Fruit classification by using re-
quires different biometric features of like color, shape, texture . This identification
manually is time consuming and expensive. Fruitrs can be classified based on color
that include similarity between two images with the help of color histogram, but the
color based classification is depend on season and effect of sunlight. So,by using
CNN we can classify the Spices.

1.1.1 Motivation

• To detect the desease of fruits without consulting professional experts.

1.1.2 Objective

• The traditional approach of recognition of fruit infections from the profes-

sional specialists. Consulting professional experts is costly and time taking
because to the unavailability of expert in nearby locations. Classification of
fruit disease and detection of fruit disease is performed in this system.

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 STUDY OF RESEARCH PAPER

1.Paper Name:DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FRUIT DISEASES US-

ING IMAGE PROCESSING CLOUD COMPUTING
Author:R.Ramya1 , Dr.P.Kumar2 , K.Sivanandam3 , M.Babykala3 , Professor2 ,
Assistant Professor1, 3
Abstract :Fruit disease detection is vital at early stage since it will affect the agricul-
tural field. In this paper, mainly consider the detection and analysis of fruit infections
which is available in the plant areas and storage of data about the agricultural filed
and details of farmers in database and recovering the data using Cloud computing.
There are more fruit diseases which occur due to the surrounding conditions, mineral
levels, insects in the farm area and other factors. The detected data from the plant
area is determined by image processing and stored in the database

4
2.Paper Name:Detection of Banana Leaf and Fruit Diseases Using Neural Networks
Author:Mrs.N.Saranya,Ms.L.Pavithra
Abstract : In India, about 70 percentage of the population depends on the agricul-
tural production. Whereas, the agricultural plants and leaves are infected by some
diseases by means of the insects which passes the diseases from one plant to the
another plant. Meanwhile, these infected diseases can reduce the production yield
in the agricultural farm. Hence it is required to detect the diseases in the leaves and
fruits at the earlier stage. Therefore, the detection of diseases in the banana plant
becoming in the challenging in the agriculture field. The diseases detection and clas-
sification of banana plant using image processing is the effective and an important
thing to the farmers analyses the growth of the plant effectively and automatically
with minimum cost. Therefore, proposed a system that detect diseases at earlier
stage by using image processing and classify the diseases by ANN algorithm. The
proposed system involve s several ste ps, image acquisition, image pre-processing,
feature extraction and diseases detection and artificial neural network based diseases
classification.

5
3.Paper Name:Combining Local and Global Image Features for Object Class Recog-
nition
Author:Dimitri A. Lisin, Marwan A. Mattar, Matthe w B.Blaschko
Abstract :Object recognition is a central problem in computer vision research. Most
object recognition Systems have taken one of two approaches, using either global or
Local features exclusively. This may be in part due to the difficulty of combining a
single global feature vector with a set of local features in a suitable manner. In this
paper , we show that combining local and global features is beneficial in an appli-
cation where rough segmentations of objects are available . We present a method
for classification with local features using non-parametric Density estimation. Sub-
sequently, we present Two methods For combining Local and Global features. The
first uses a “stacking” ensemble technique, and the Second uses a hierarchical clas-
sification system.

6
4.Paper Name:Image Segmentation K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Fruit Dis-
ease Detection Image Processing
Author: P. Kanjana Devi,
Abstract :Fruit diseases are always considered as a remarkable issue in the cultivat-
ing business carried out across the globe. This arises the need for manual checking
framework. In this way, agriculturists require the manual analysis of fruits. Never-
theless, the continually manual watching does not provide adequate results and they
generally require a heading from an expert. The world economy is primarily depend-
ing on the agribusiness as its development is diminishing when it has been appeared
differently in relation to the expansion in intrigue and this ratio of intrigue versus
creation is foreseen to be high in the upcoming years. Recently, clustering and fruit
image segmentation algorithms are implemented for identifying the fruit diseases.
To exhibit its importance, an algorithm plot is surveyed by utilizing various estima-
tions. For instance, intensity ratio, specificity ratio, and probability ratio.

7
5.Paper Name:Fruit Recognition and Grade of Disease Detection using Inception
V3 Model
Author:Nikhitha M, Roopa Sri S, Uma Maheswari B
Abstract: In India, crop yield is declined due to the postrecognition of diseases in
fruits/vegetables by the farmers. Farmers face great economic loss worldwide. Dis-
eases in fruits and plants are the main reasons for the agricultural loss. Knowing the
health status of fruits/vegetables helps farmers to improve their productivity. This
motivates us to design and develop a tool to help farmers detect the diseases in the
early stage itself. This work focuses on developing a user-friendly tool which rec-
ognizes the level of the disease and grades them accordingly. Inception model uses
convolutional neural networks for the classification, which is again retrained using
transfer learning technique. The proposed system also grades the fruit based on the
percentage of infection. The system is developed in Tensor flow platform. For the
proposed work banana, apple and cherry fruits have been considered.

8
6.paper Name:A Detection Method for Tomato Fruit Common Physiological Dis-
eases Based on YOLOv2
Author:Jiayue Zhao, Jianhua Qu*
Abstract:The detection of tomato fruit physiological diseases can increase tomato
yields and facilitate tomato fruit quality control. In this paper, a convolutional neu-
ral network called YOLOv2 was applied on the detection of healthy tomato fruits
and tomato fruits with common physiological diseases. YOLOv2 is a target detec-
tion algorithm based on regression model, which has fast detection speed and good
accuracy. In order to improve the network detection performance, the following im-
provements were made: First, image datasets were extended by data augmentation
methods to decrease the chance of overfitting, and the augmented datasets contain-
ing 1000 tomato fruit images were obtained. Second, a grayscale processing module
and a foreground extraction module were constructed to investigate the importance
of image data type. Third, k-means clustering algorithm was applied in order to
reduce model training time as well as improve detection effects. The mAP (mean
Average Precision) of YOLOv2 tomato fruit detection network was 97.24 percent-
age . Experimental results showed that the proposed method was effective on the
detection of healthy tomato fruits and tomato fruits with common physiological dis-
eases

9
7. Paper Name:Data mining model for early fruit diseases detection
Author:Milos Ilic, Petar Spalevic, Mladen Veinovic, Abdolkarim Abdala M. Ennaas
Abstract:Automatic methods for an early detection of plant diseases could be vital
for precise fruit protection. Traditionally the agriculture expert’s knowledge is de-
scriptive and experiment based, therefore it is difficult to describe it mathematically
and subsequently build decision system which can replace it. Key parameters of de-
cision based fruit protection system could differ for classes of plants and diseases.
However, such systems are very rare and very complex, and in many cases designed
just for one plant class. For effective diseases protection of fruit, meteorological data
and data about the disease appearance are the most important. In this paper authors
propose one idea for data mining based system for detection of possible fruit infec-
tion. For this purpose, different types of data mining techniques were evaluated on
unique data sets.

10
8.Paper Name:Analaysis of Diseases in Fruits using Image Proccessing Technqiues
Author:Kawaljit kaur ,Chetan Marwaha
Abstract:Agriculture plays critical part in harvesting any culture. In fact human
civilization greatly depends upon agriculture. Regular Filed prevalence and water
management in soil is key to achieving goal of good production. Plant and fruit dis-
eases are greatly affecting quality and quantity associated with production. Diseases
are common now days. The pesticides and other harmful manure is biggest obstacle
in this area. This paper analyzes diseases caused due to fruit harvesting. Image pro-
cessing techniques are used in order to analyze degradation of fruit crop. Analysis
of Filtering techniques associated with distortion detection is presented in compre-
hensive manner.

11
9.Paper name:Fruit Recognition and Grade of Disease Detection using Inception
V3 Model
Author: Nikhitha M, Roopa Sri S, Uma Maheswari B
Abstract: In India, crop yield is declined due to the postrecognition of diseases in
fruits/vegetables by the farmers. Farmers face great economic loss worldwide. Dis-
eases in fruits and plants are the main reasons for the agricultural loss. Knowing the
health status of fruits/vegetables helps farmers to improve their productivity. This
motivates us to design and develop a tool to help farmers detect the diseases in the
early stage itself. This work focuses on developing a user-friendly tool which rec-
ognizes the level of the disease and grades them accordingly. Inception model uses
convolutional neural networks for the classification, which is again retrained using
transfer learning technique. The proposed system also grades the fruit based on the
percentage of infection. The system is developed in Tensor flow platform. For the
proposed work banana, apple and cherry fruits have been considered.

12
 CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM STATEMENT
• India now one of the fast developing nation. This growth, agricultural field
have foremost impact. Intelligent farming assisting farmers with image pro-
cessing based smart tools and automated artificial intelligent tools that ef-
fortlessly combine production, information and deals to improved production,
yield quality and income.

• The traditional approach of recognition of fruit disease detection from the pro-
fessional specialists. Consulting professional experts is costly and time taking
because to the unavailability of expert in nearby locations. Classification of
Fruit disease and automatically detecting the symptoms as earliest as possible
is very important.
endenumerate

14
 CHAPTER 4

PROJECT REQUIREMENT
4.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENT

4.1.1 User Interface

• System Based On Fruit Desease Detection.

4.1.2 Hardware Interfaces:

• Hardware : intel core

• Speed : 2.80 GHz

• RAM : 8GB

• HardDisk : 40 GB

• Key Board: Standard Windows Keyboard

4.1.3 Software Interfaces

• Operating System: Windows 10

• IDE: Annaconda

• Programming Language : Python

16
 4.2 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

4.2.1 Performance Requirements

• The performance of the functions and every module must be well. The overall
performance of the software will enable the users to work decently. Perfor-
mance of encryption of data should be fast. Performance of the providing
virtual environment should be fast Safety Requirement

• The application is designed in modules where errors can be detected and

steadily. This makes it easier to install and update new functionality if re-
quired.

4.2.2 Safety Requirement

• The System is designed in modules where errors can be detected and fixed
easily. This makes it easier to install and update new functionality if required.

4.2.3 Software Quality Attributes

• Our software has many quality attribute that are given below:-

• Adaptability: This software is adaptable by all users.

• Availability: This software is freely available to all users. The availability of

the software is easy for everyone.

• Maintainability: After the deployment of the project if any error occurs then it
can be easily maintained by the software developer.

17
• Reliability: The performance of the software is better which will increase the
reliabilityof the Software.

• User Friendliness: Since, the software is a GUI application; the output gener-
ated is much user friendly in its behavior.

• Integrity: Integrity refers to the extent to which access to software or data by

unauthorized persons can be controlled.

• Security: Users are authenticated using many security phases so reliable secu-
rity is provided.

• Testability: The software will be tested considering all the aspects.

18
 CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
5.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Figure 5.1: system Architecture

5.1.1 Module

• Pre-processing

• Feature Extraction

• Classification

5.1.2 Data Flow Diagram

In Data Flow Diagram,we Show that flow of data in our system in DFD0 we show
that base DFD in which rectangle present input as well as output and circle show
our system,In DFD1 we show actual input and actual output of system input of our
system is text or image and output is rumor detected like wise in DFD 2 we present

20
operation of user as well as admin.

Figure 5.2: DFD 0 diagram

Figure 5.3: DFD 1 diagram

21
 Figure 5.4: DFD 2 diagram

5.2 UML DIAGRAMS

Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for writing software blueprints.The

UML may be used to visualize,specify,construct and document the artifacts of a soft-
wareintensive system.UML is process independent,although optimally it should be
used in process that is use case driven,architecture-centric,iterative,and incremen-
tal.The Number of UML Diagram is available.

Use case Diagram.

Activity Diagram.

Sequence Diagram.

Class Diagram

22
Figure 5.5: Usecase Diagram Diagram

23
Figure 5.6: Activity Diagram

24
Figure 5.7: Sequence Diagram

25
Figure 5.8: Class Diagram

26
 CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE INFORMATION
Annaconda: What is Anaconda Navigator? Anaconda Navigator is a desktop
graphical user interface (GUI) included in Anaconda® distribution that allows you
to launch applications and easily manage conda packages, environments, and chan-
nels without using command-line commands. Navigator can search for packages
on Anaconda.org or in a local Anaconda Repository. It is available for Windows,
macOS, and Linux. To get Navigator, get the Navigator Cheat Sheet and install
Anaconda.
The Getting started with Navigator section shows how to start Navigator from
the shortcuts or from a terminal window.
What applications can I access using Navigator?
The following applications are available by default in Navigator:

1. Spyder

28
 DB SQLite
DB Browser for SQLite (DB4S) is a high quality, visual, open source tool to
create, design, and edit database files compatible with SQLite.

What is SQLite?
SQLite does not require a separate server process or system to operate (serverless).
SQLite comes with zero-configuration, which means no setup or administra-
tion needed.
A complete SQLite database is stored in a single cross-platform disk file.
SQLite is very small and light weight, less than 400KiB fully configured or
less than 250KiB with optional features omitted.
SQLite is self-contained, which means no external dependencies.
SQLite transactions are fully ACID-compliant, allowing safe access from mul-
tiple processes or threads.
SQLite supports most of the query language features found in SQL92 (SQL2)
standard.
SQLite is written in ANSI-C and provides simple and easy-to-use API.
SQLite is available on UNIX (Linux, Mac OS-X, Android, iOS) and Windows
(Win32, WinCE, WinRT).

Spyder
Spyder is an open source cross-platform integrated development environment
(IDE) for scientific programming in the Python language. Spyder integrates with
a number of prominent packages in the scientific Python stack, including NumPy,
SciPy, Matplotlib, pandas, IPython, SymPy and Cython, as well as other open source
software.[3][4] It is released under the MIT license.[5]
Initially created and developed by Pierre Raybaut in 2009, since 2012 Spy-
der has been maintained and continuously improved by a team of scientific Python
developers and the community.
Spyder is extensible with first- and third-party plugins,[6] includes support
for interactive tools for data inspection and embeds Python-specific code quality as-

29
surance and introspection instruments, such as Pyflakes, Pylint[7] and Rope. It is
available cross-platform through Anaconda, on Windows, on macOS through Mac-
Ports, and on major Linux distributions such as Arch Linux, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo
Linux, openSUSE and Ubuntu.[8][9]
Spyder uses Qt for its GUI, and is designed to use either of the PyQt or PySide
Python bindings.[10] QtPy, a thin abstraction layer developed by the Spyder project
and later adopted by multiple other packages, provides the flexibility to use either
backend

30
 Figure 6.1: WaterFall Model

The sequential phases in Waterfall model are

• Requirement Gathering and analysis All possible requirements of the sys-

tem to be developed are captured in this phase and documented in a require-
ment specification document.

• System Design The requirement specifications from first phase are studied
in this phase and the system design is prepared. This system design helps in
specifying hardware and system requirements and helps in defining the overall
system architecture.

• Implementation With inputs from the system design, the system is first de-
veloped in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase.
Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality, which is referred to as
Unit Testing.

• Integration and Testing All the units developed in the implementation phase
are integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the
entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

31
• Deployment of system Once the functional and non-functional testing is
done; the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into
the market.

• Maintenance There are some issues which come up in the client environment.
To fix those issues, patches are released. Also to enhance the product some
better versions are released. Maintenance is done to deliver these changes in
the customer environment.

All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing
steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases. The next phase is
started only after the defined set of goals are achieved for previous phase and
it is signed off, so the name ”Waterfall Model”. In this model, phases do not
overlap.

32
 CHAPTER 7

PROJECT PLAN
In this chapter we are going to have an overview about how much time does it took
to complete each task like- Preliminray Survey Introduction and Problem Statement,
Literature Survey, Project Statement, Software Requirement and Specification, Sys-
tem Design, Partial Report Submission, Architecture Design, Implementation, De-
ployment, Testing, Paper Publish, Report Submission and etcetera. This chapter also
gives focus on stakeholder list which gives information about project type, customer
of the proposed system, user and project member who developed the system.

7.1 STAKEHOLDER LIST

Sr. No. Stackholder

1 project Type
2. Customer
3 User

7.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

The System Implementation plan table, shows the overall schedule of tasks compi-
lation and time duration required for each task.
Sr. No. Name/Title Start Date End Date
1 Preliminary Survey
2 Introduction and Problem State-
ment
3 Literature Survey
4 Project Statement
5 Software Requirement And Specifi-
cation
6 System Design
7 Partial Report Submission
8 Architecture Design
9 Implementation
10 Deployement
11 Testing
12 Paper Publish
13 Report Submission
Chapter 8

Conclusion

8.1 CONCLUSION

• This paper presents the method on different diseases classification technique

used for fruit disease detection and an algorithm for image segmentation tech-
nique that can be used for automatic detection as well as classification of fruit
diseases later.

• Advantage of using this method is that the fruit diseases can be identified at
early stage or the initial stage. This method application of image processing
diagnoses diseases.

• This image processing techniques helpful to extract the diseases part of the
fruit l and classify it. We should further research and implement the digital
image processing for better detection of fruit diseases. This method useful for
agriculture management and green house management.

8.2 FUTURE WORK

This paper comprehensively study the diseases present within fruits. The anal-
ysis indicates that automated approach to disease detection within fruits con-
sume mush less time as compared to manual approach. Noise can distort the
image. So denoising mechanism are also elaborated in this case. Diseases
in fruits are listed in tabular structure. This work shows that blight is com-
mon disease which is infecting most of the fruit crops. In order to tackle such
diseases image of distorted leaf is taken and then fed into the system for analy-
sis. Image processing techniques such as pre-processing, extraction , singular
valued analysis etc can be utilized in order to detect disease at early stage. In
future we will work on SVD approach to analyze disease in fruits at early stage
through least cost effective measures.
Chapter 9

References

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