Sustainable Human

Settlements Concept
for Cities in Indonesia
Haryo Winarso
School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development
Institut Teknologi Bandung

PUPR Green Housing and Sustainable Settlement Webinar

1st November 2023
Sustainable Housing and Human Settlement
• Sustainable housing and human settlement are key components of a more
environmentally and socially responsible approach to urban development.
They seek to build living places that suit the requirements of present and
future generations while minimising negative environmental impacts,
boosting economic viability, and fostering social equality.
Magnitude of urban development
• World Bank (2023) reports that
• currently, a significant proportion of
the global populace, approximately
57%, which equates to 4.4 billion
individuals, resides in urban areas.
• It is anticipated that this prevailing
pattern will persist, wherein the
urban populace will surpass its
present magnitude and increase by
more than twofold by the year
2050.
• Consequently, over 70% of the
global population will reside in
urban areas in 2050
Total and urban population – UNCTAD Handbook of
Statistics 2022
• Developing and maintaining
sustainable settlements,
whether urban, rural, or
mixed-use, presents several
issues.
• These difficulties can differ
depending on the CLIMATE CHANGE WATER
mitigation entails lowering Water Scarcity: Due to over-
settlement's location, size, greenhouse gas emissions; shift to extraction of water resources,
and specific circumstances. clean energy, minimise emissions pollution, and growing demand
from diverse industries. from agriculture, industry, and
• Some of the most common adaption: adaption measures are urbanisation, many regions are
barriers to establishing critical to protecting populations confronting water scarcity. To
sustainability in settlements and ecosystems from its effects. overcome this issue, sustainable
This includes constructing robust water management is
are as follows: infrastructure and changing critical.Water
farming practises.
 ENERGY FOOD Waste Management
The globe is heavily reliant on Food Security: Providing food Adopting an integrated and holistic
fossil fuels, which contribute to security, ensuring everyone has strategy for waste management is
greenhouse gas emissions and access to safe and healthy food, and critical. Investing in infrastructure,
climate change. The transition to tackling challenges like malnutrition promoting recycling and resource
clean and renewable energy and hunger. recovery, enforcing legislation,
sources like solar, wind, and Agriculture is one of the most educating communities, and creating
hydropower is essential. significant contributors to collaboration among local
Access: Millions of people environmental degradation. governments, private sector entities,
worldwide lack reliable and Promoting environmentally friendly and community organisations are all
affordable electricity, hampering and sustainable farming practices is part of this..
economic progress and quality of critical for addressing climate
life. change, biodiversity loss, and water
quality challenges.
 Ancient Civilizations: Renaissance and
out of necessity, early human
As communities have communities frequently demonstrated
Enlightenment:
sustainable practises. Ancient During the Renaissance and
battled with shifting civilizations such as the Indus Valley, Enlightenment periods, aesthetics
environmental, social, Mesopotamia, and the Mayans planned and cultural legacy were prioritised in
their cities with water management, urban architecture. Parks, squares,
and economic concerns, agriculture, and waste disposal in mind.
Tallinn Medieval Old Town - and green areas in cities have become
the concept of These villages prioritised environmental Toompea Hill significant for aesthetics as well as
harmony and smart resource utilisation. public health. Renaissance gardens
sustainable settlements and the design of Baroque cities are
has changed dramatically. Medieval Period: two notable examples..
Mediaeval European towns and
villages were built with long-term
Here's a quick rundown viability in mind. They had mixed-use
property, compact layouts, and
of the progression of walkable streets. By situating
sustainable settlement dwellings, marketplaces, and
Ancient irrigation system in Nurata. agricultural regions in close
concept throughout proximity, these villages fostered
history: self-sufficiency and reduced energy
consumption.
 Industrial Revolution : Early twentieth-century : Post-World War II:
The Industrial Revolution resulted in massive Early twentieth-century urban planning Post-World War II: In many regions of the
urbanisation and severe difficulties to principles centred on improving world, the post-World War II period saw the
sustainability. This era was defined by large- infrastructure, sanitation, and housing rise of suburbanization and car-dependent
scale manufacturing, bad living conditions, conditions. Cities such as Vienna (Austria) cities. Cities began to expand, and the
and pollution. It did, however, inspire early launched social housing schemes that automobile became important to urban
urban planning initiatives such as Ebenezer focused on providing inexpensive, well- architecture. This era, however, established
Howard's garden towns concept. designed housing to all people.. the framework for thinking about sustainable
urban growth and the value of public transport.

Tallinn Medieval Old Town -

Ancient irrigation system in Nurata. Toompea Hill
Strategy for sustainable settlements
• The construction and maintenance of sustainable settlements
demands the use of a multifaceted approach that includes
aspects of urban planning, infrastructure progress, community
involvement, and environmental protection.
• The following are essential tactics for achieving long-term
settlements:
 • Create and implement comprehensive urban plans that
simultaneously consider land use, transportation, housing, and
environmental considerations.
• To improve resource efficiency, • To eliminate the need for long trips, implement zoning
encourage innovation in sustainable restrictions that encourage mixed land use and promote compact
technology such as smart grids, and walkable neighbourhoods., walkable
energy-efficient appliances, and • Local and National Policies: implement policies and regulations
waste management systems. that support sustainability, such as building codes, energy
Innovation standards, and waste management guidelines.
Integrated
and • To minimise reliance on private automobiles, develop and extend
Planning
Technology: public transit networks, bike lanes, and pedestrian-friendly
infrastructure.
• To minimise air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, promote
the usage of electric and low-emission automobiles.
• Attract companies that adhere to
sustainable ideals and offer work • Incorporate flood protection, disaster preparedness,
possibilities that help to economic and climate adaptation strategies into settlements
prosperity. • Implementing energy-efficient technologies and
• Encourage local entrepreneurship and construction norms.
Sustainable Climate Change and
activities that promote long-term • Recycling and waste management: Create waste-to-
economic development. Economic Natural Disaster
energy facilities to create electricity from waste
• Educate households and local Development Resilience. Efficient items.
businesses on the importance of
: use of energy, water • Implement water-saving techniques such as
sustainable practises and lowering their rainwater harvesting, water-saving appliances, and
environmental footprint. efficient irrigation.
• Encourage people to take part in • To increase biodiversity and improve quality of life,
sustainability projects and programmes. Inclusion and create and protect green areas, parks, and natural
social equity: habitats inside settlements.
• Protect local habitats and wildlife by implementing
conservation initiatives.
• Ensuring equal access to all residents' services, housing, education, and
healthcare. Participate in marginalised and vulnerable communities in
decision-making and possibilities.
• Involve residents and local stakeholders in planning and developing their
communities
• Encourage community efforts that build a sense of ownership and pride,
• Sustainable settlements are not only about addressing current
challenges, but also about preparing for the future, ensuring that
future generations will inherit a habitable and flourishing planet.
As the world's population continues to urbanise, sustainable
settlements are essential to preserving the health of people and
the planet.
• These techniques seek to develop environmentally responsible
communities, socially egalitarian, economically productive, and
resilient to future difficulties.

• Can it be implemented in Indonesia?

 Pollution

Source: IQAir, 2023

 Energy
The amount of energy utilised or consumed
by an individual, organisation, or
community over a given time period is
referred to as energy consumption. It
measures the amount of energy used for
various purposes such as power
generation, heating, cooling,
transportation, industrial activities, and so
on. Depending on the context and type of
energy being measured, energy
consumption is generally quantified in
measures such as joules, kilowatt-hours
(kWh), or British thermal units (BTUs).

Source: Our World In Data , 2022

 Waste
Waste generation is assessed to determine
how much waste is generated by people,
homes, enterprises, or entire regions.
Measurement accuracy is critical for waste
management and environmental planning.
Waste generation is measured using a
variety of methodologies and metrics,
including:
 Water
Key facts (UNICEF 2023-
https://www.unicef.org/wash/water-scarcity)

• Four billion people — almost two-thirds of

the world’s population — experience
severe water scarcity for at least one month
each year.
• Over two billion people live in countries
where water supply is inadequate.
• Half of the world’s population could be
living in areas facing water scarcity by as
early as 2025.
• Some 700 million people could be displaced
by intense water scarcity by 2030.
• By 2040, roughly 1 in 4 children worldwide
will be living in areas of extremely high
water stress.
• Cities in Indonesia continue to face many challenges in achieving sustainable
settlement. However, certain best practices already exist for tackling some
of these issues.
Learning from Indigenous Settlements
• Kampung Naga is a traditional Indonesian settlement
in the West Java region. This community has gained
recognition for its residents' strong affinity and
reliance on nature in their way of life.
• The settlement is situated on a sloping terrain, and the
dwellings are created using various materials.
• The culture of incorporating natural elements
permeates several facets of their existence, including From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
the architectural design of their dwellings.
• The close association between the notions of life and
development and the natural environment renders this
settlement not only sustainable in terms of water,
energy, and food utilisation but also resilient against
the impacts of climate change and disaster
• The indigenous population engages in the
autonomous cultivation of native timber over an
extended period.
• The enduring practices of the Kampung Naga
community are intricately linked to sustainability
principles.
• The principle of coexistence with nature also exists in
almost all other traditional settlements in Indonesia,
such as in Tanah Toraja, Bali, and others, which
demonstrate the ability to be sustainable. Creator: Jose Javier Martin Espartosa, Flickr
Credit Photos
• Creative common from
• Flickr
• Wikipedia commons
• Miniistry of Education
Learning from best practices

• Kampung Glintung is a settlement in Kel.

Purwantoro, RW 23, with a population of
approximately 350 persons. Ir. H. Bambang Irianto
initiated the first development of Kampung
Glintung Go Green.
• Kampung Glintung was a dense settlement and
experienced flooding almost yearly
• To deal with the problems, the head of the
kampung introduced GEMAR (Water Saving
Movement) and constructed a greener, cleaner,
and tidier environment through waste banks and
greening programmes
• Kampung Glintung has implemented the SDGs by
engaging the community in the goals of gender
equality, climate change challenges, clean water
and water sanitation under the 3G GEMAR (Water
Saving Movement) village programme, hunger,
inexpensive and clean energy

• (Sources: Fredayani, 2018; Nuh 2018;).

Source: Instagram:@glintunggogreenmalang
Excerpt From: Web site Banyumas Regency
Bupati Husein confessed that the transformation of waste
management innovation into commercial value began with a
necessity caused by the closure of the Regional
Government's Final Disposal Site (TPA) by locals.

At first, Banyumas developed a garbage recycling centre,

but it needed to be more efficient. Then an Integrated trash
Management Site (TPST) with trash sorting equipment for
organic and inorganic garbage was established," he stated.

He further stated that trash management is carried out from

upstream to downstream by asking the public to engage in
rubbish selection and sale to the Banyumas Regency
Government using the Banyumas Online trash (Salinmas)
and Ojeke Inyong (Jeknyong) apps.

"From the waste that is sorted, it is processed and produces

paving, roofs, bricks, compost and plastic pellets which
have economic value," he said.

"Wednesday, February 16th, 2023locals' closure of the

Regional Government's Final Disposal Site (TPA)
(https://www.banyumaskab.go.id/read/41628/hpsn-2023-
dirjen-pslb3-banyumas-terbaik-dalam-pengelolaan-sampah)
 Learning from other countries

• Copenhagen is well-known for its dedication to

environmental sustainability. With more than 200 miles
of bike lanes and the ambition of becoming the world's
best city for cyclists, the city has invested in cycling
infrastructure. Furthermore, Copenhagen intends to
achieve carbon neutrality by 2025 using a variety of
measures such as renewable energy, energy-efficient
buildings, and waste-to-energy facilities. By Danielle Kirk Published on Nov 09, 2018

• The progressiveness and sustainability of Copenhagen

have been ingrained in the daily lives of its residents.
Clean harbours, bike lanes, efficient transportation,
environmental legislation, and green spaces collectively
indicate the Nordic capital's identity.

• This demonstrates that allocating resources towards

sustainable and meaningful endeavours has the potential
to generate robust and enduring transformations.

• Presently, Copenhagen holds a prominent position as a

global frontrunner and is frequently acknowledged as an
exemplar of urban sustainability on a global scale. Dan Lundberg, Flicr, 20140704_Denmark_0022 Copenhagen

Source: Team Finuprise June 8, 2021

 • Curitiba is frequently touted as an example of
sustainable urban development. The city is noted
for its wide open areas, BRT system, and well-
designed urban plan that supports public
transportation while minimising traffic
congestion.
• Curitiba has become an international example
for sustainable development because it
prioritises its people and plans strategically and
holistically. Mayor Jaime Lerner led the city in https://www.flickr.com/photos/whltravel/4370520506
the 1970s and 1980s, imagining the ideal and /in/photostream/
helping to shape what it is today.

From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository

Source: Greencity Tomes, 20 October 2023
• Establishing sustainable settlements requires implementing a
comprehensive strategy wherein the cooperation and
coordination of governmental entities, enterprises,
communities, and people play a pivotal role in achieving
favourable outcomes.
Marco Verch Professional Photographer, Flickr