Copra, Coconut Products, Charcoal Market in India: Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Chennai 2021

Copra, Coconut Products, Charcoal Market
in India
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Chennai

2021
SUMMARY EXECUTIVE
Coconut is a versatile product and has multiple uses. Almost all the parts of a freshly grown
coconut, eatable or otherwise, are used in some or the other manner.
Coconut is grown in more than 90 countries in the world but India being the largest producer
occupies a prominent position in the world coconut economy. Top three producers, India,
Indonesia and Philippines. India is one of the leading coconut producers in the world,
producing 13 billion nuts per annum. Coconut is mostly cultivated in the coastal regions of
the country. In India, coconut is cultivated mainly in the coastal areas of Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and these four producers together account for over 90
percent of the total area and production in the country. However, the coconut sector is faced
with several constraints and challenges such as low and fluctuating productivity due to old
and senile plantations, shortage of quality planting material, incidence of diseases and
insect-pests, poor management of the farms, shortage of skilled manpower, lack of assured
irrigation facilities, poor post-harvest management and infrastructure, lack of access to
assured market, and competition from substitute oils.
Coconut oil commands a premium over other edible oils such as palm oil in the country,
given its superior dietary value, aroma and customary taste and preference in the southern
regions. Since, coconut oil commands a premium over palm oil, therefore, price sensitive
consumers tend to shift to cheaper edible oils like palm oil.
In the wake of mounting intense competition in global markets arising from the liberalized
trade environment, the future prospects of the coconut industry lies solely on its overall
competitive ability. Industry has to tap the full potential of coconut as a renewable resource,
which could be used to generate a range of environment friendly natural products, with a
wide array of end-uses and applications. Likewise, coconut producing countries need to
exploit the fullest of their individual competitive advantages, in cultivation, processing and
marketing of coconuts.
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Copra, Coconut Products, Charcoal market in India
Table of contents
Executive Summary i
Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of The Report 1
1.2 Methodology and Source of Data 1
1.3 Product Description and Scope of Research 1
1.3.1 Product Profile and Description 1
1.3.2 Product Market and Market Size 2
1.3.3 Scope of Report 5
1.4 India General Info and Trade Statistics of Copra, Coconut Products Charcoal 6
1.4.1 Import India from World (Last 5 Years) 12
1.4.2 Import India from Indonesia (Last 5 years) 12
1.4.3 Import India from other countries (Last 5 years) 13
1.5 India Market of Copra, Coconut Products Charcoal in India 17
Chapter 2 29
Market and Product Analysis 29
2.1 Product Trend 29
2.2 Market Structure 32
2.3 Distribution Channel 34
2.4 Market Perception of Indonesian Copra, Coconut Products, Charcoal in India 38
2.5 Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat, Weakness Copra, Coconut Products, 40
Charcoal Products in India
Chapter 3 41
Products Requirements and Regulations & Policy 41
3.1 Product Regulations & Policy in India 41
3.1.1 Import Policy and Regulations of Copra, Coconut Products Charcoal in India 42
3.1.2 Labelling Regulations and Policy in India 47
3.1.3 Packaging Regulations and Policy of Copra, Coconut Products Charcoal in 49
India
3.1.4 Product Distributions Regulations and Policy 50
3.2 Marketing Regulations and Policy 50
3.3 Method of Transactions 53
3.4 Price Information 56
3.5 Competitors 57
3.5.1 Competitors of Those Dedicated Products (Local and Foreign Products) 57
3.5.2 Strategy Made by Competitors to Market Indonesian Products in India 64
3.6 Other Important Information 65
Chapter 4 69
Conclusion and Policy Recommendation 69
4.1 Conclusion 69
4.2 Recommendations 70
4.3 References 71
APPENDIX
Appendix A List of Indian Importers 72
Appendix B List of Exhibition 75
Appendix C Useful Information 76
Appendix D Association 77
Appendix E List of Indonesian Exporters 78
Appendix F Contact Information 82
Tables List
Table 1. Wholesale Price India (WPI) India 2020 6

Table 2. Consumer Price Index (CPI) India 2020 7
Table 3. India Import from world (last 5 Years) 12
Table 4. India Import from Indonesia (last 5 Years) 12
Table 5. India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 120300 Copra 13
Table 6. India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 151319 13
Coconut (Copra) Refined oil and fractions
Table 7. India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 151321 Crude 14
Palm Kernel/Babasu Oil And Its Fractions
Table 8. India Import from other countries (last 5 Years ) 15
Commodity: 151329 Refined Palm Kernel/Babasu Oil And Its Fractions
Table 9. India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) 15
Commodity: 080111 Desiccated Coconut
Table 10. India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 440290 Wood 16
Charcoal (Including Shell Or Nut Charcoal), Agglomerated :other :
Table 11. Coconut Statistic in India 31
Table 12. Tax Structure 42
Table 13. Import Policy and Regulations HS Code 12030000 42
Table 14. Percentage Additional Taxes HS Code 12030000 42
Table 16. Revised Import Policy of Copra & Coconut Oil 43
Table 20.Import Policy and Regulations HS Code 08011100 45
Table 21. Revised Import Policy 0801 11 00 45
Table 25. Note – Role of Origin 47
Table 27. Size of the Logo 48
Table 28. Price Information 57
PICTURES LIST
Picture 1. Activated Carbon 28

Picture 2. Sahasra Beauty Bali Virgin Coconut Oil 39
Picture 3. Kara Coconut Products 39
Picture 4: Marico Ltd Products 58
Picture 5. Coco Soul Products 59
Picture 6. Nihar Product 59
Picture 7 Flareon Product 60
Picture 8. VESP Product 61
Picture 9. Palmo Products 62
Picture 10: Real Thai Products 63
Diagram
Diagram 1. Consumption Pattern of Coconut in India 33
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
Provide information about Copra, Coconut Products and Charcoal market in India to help
Indonesian exporters, manufacturers, distributors to learn about the existing market,
customers, problems, competition, and growth potential in India market.
1.2 Methodology and Source of Data

The methodology followed for the report work constitutes both secondary and primary
research. The details of the research work have been provided below:
Secondary Research
The secondary research has been carried out to obtain the information on:
• Macro-economic scenario of Indian economy
• Sector specific government policies and regulations including taxes and custom
duties.
• Import data
Sector specific details and relevant information

The main sources of the information were:
a. Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India,
Indian Trade Portal
b. Ministry of Finance – Department of Revenue, Central Board of Indirect Taxes and
Customs Goods and Services Tax
c. Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,
Government of India
d. Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Government of India, Ministry of Commerce
and Industry
1.3 Product Description and Scope of Report

1.3.1 Product Selection, Product Profile and Description
This report in the coconut sector while highlighting on copra, coconut products and coconut
charcoal as the potential product from the coconut tree and assesses the viability of moving
up the value chain from copra to coconut oil and other by-products. It is also noted that with
respect to the global demand for vegetable oil, coconut oil has traditionally ranked low
among consumer choices, but in recent years this has changed with growing awareness of
the health benefits of cooking with coconut oil. In addition, coconut’s other uses including
highly popular desiccated coconut in cosmetic and health care products, oleochemicals and
geo-textiles all combine to make coconut products green products that are in relatively high
demand.
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This section of the report presents a study into the strengths and weaknesses of the sector.
It explores general characteristics of the sector, potential market opportunities and the
import policy.
Coconut is a popular plantation and is grown in more than 90 countries worldwide. Though
it is quite difficult to establish a coconut plantation but once it is done, it proves to be quite
beneficial as coconut is harvested throughout the year. The world production of coconut
sums up to around 55 million tonnes annually. Indonesia and Philippines are the major
producers of coconut fruits in the world.
Coconut is one of the most important tree nut or fruit earlier grown in Indian-Indonesian
region but now grown in most of the countries in tropical region. There are a large number
of commercial uses of different parts of the coconut and its derivatives. The different parts
of coconut that are used are the husk, the shell, the flesh, the water, the leaves, Spathe and
inflorescence etc. Coconut shell which was earlier thrown away is now used for a wide
variety of applications; it is used as a charcoal, used to make handicrafts, the coconut shell
activated carbon is used in toothpaste, medicines, soap etc. The demand for coconut shell
powder in variety of applications is derived through its durability, toughness, better water
absorption and resistance to fungal infestation.
Copra, dried sections of the meat of the coconut, the kernel of the fruit of the coconut
palm(Cocos nucifera). Copra is valued for the coconut oil extracted from it and for the
resulting residue, coconut-oil cake, which is used mostly for livestock feed.
Charcoal is a solid fuel used for heating and cooking that is created through the process of
carbonization, which is a process where complex carbon substances—such as wood or
other biomass are broken down through a slow heating process into carbon and another
chemical compound
1.3.2 Product Market and Market Size
Production of copra is the major commercial activity centered around coconut cultivation.
Coconut grows in different types of soils such as red sandy loam, alluvial, laterite, coastal
sandy etc.
There is no particular season for coconut planting. But usually it is planted during June-July
and Dec-Jan months. The lifespan of coconut tree is about 60 years. It starts flowering after
5 to 6 years from planting.
Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andra Prasesh are the notable states for copra
production in India.
Philippines, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Srilanka,
Solomon Islands and Malaysia are the world top copra producing countries.
Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, India, Solomon Islands, Thailand and Malaysia are the main
copra exporting countries.
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Local trading hubs for Copra in India are:
Karnataka (Hassan, Koppal, Tumkur)
Kerala (Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Kannur, Kasargod, Kozhikode, Thiruvanathapuram)
Tamil Nadu (Erode)
Copra is traded in the commodity futures market at the National Multi Commodity Exchange
of India ltd (NMCE).
The global charcoal market is expected to grow significantly over the projected period on
account of rising demand for the product in recreational cooking and metal production,
building & construction, healthcare, industrial filter, and pharmaceutical applications.
Charcoal acts as a substitute fuel for coal in recreational cooking. Also, the growing adoption
of barbeque style in restaurant cooking is expected to drive the demand for charcoal.
In metal production, charcoal can burn up to 370 Degrees Celsius with relatively low dioxide
emissions. In steel and iron, charcoal is used as a metallurgical fuel owing to its high heating
capacity. With the growing building & construction industry in emerging economies such as
India and China, the demand for iron and steel grow, which is likely to positively affect the
charcoal market growth. Activated charcoal, when mixed with cement, enhances its
comprehensive strength and acts as a binder in lightweight concrete. Additionally, activated
charcoal reduces the presence of pores in conventional concrete, thereby increasing the
concrete performance. The growing demand for cement from the construction industry,
especially in the Asia Pacific, is expected to fuel the market growth of charcoal.
Activated charcoal acts as a detoxifying agent in the healthcare and pharmaceutical

industries. The product purifies blood, reduces indigestion, and boosts antifungal protection.
Charcoal powder can be readily used in case of poisoning, drug, and alcohol overdoses as
it is a great adsorbent. The product also helps in getting rid of harmful toxins in the human
body. With growing research in the medical field to use charcoal in healthcare applications,
the demand for the product is likely to grow in the years to come.
The Asia-Pacific charcoal facewash market is predicted to hold a dominant share in the
global market throughout the forecast period, mainly due to the presence of a huge number
of cosmetic products manufacturers in developing countries like China, India, South Korea,
and Japan. Moreover, the rising disposable income among the consumers of this region,
coupled with the huge availability of natural resources to manufacture charcoal-based
products in these countries, which will significantly contribute to the growth of the Asia-
Pacific charcoal facewash market.
Development of the baking industry due to change in lifestyle & food habit of consumers has
driven the growth of the desiccated coconut powder market. Moreover, it is easily available
in the market through retail stores, online, supermarkets, which has fueled the market
growth. However, the supply of coconut is expected to be uncertain in future due to adverse
climatic changes, which is likely to hamper the growth of the desiccated coconut powder
market in the upcoming years.
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Moreover, availability of several substitutes for desiccated coconut powder in the market
such as fresh coconut, Brazil nuts, or macadamia that offers similar nutty flavor & texture
like desiccated coconut powder acts as a key restraint of the market. On the contrary,
increase in consumer preferences for organic ingredients to be used in their foods is
anticipated to boost the demand for organic desiccated coconut powder, thereby offering
remunerative opportunities for market expansion in the near future.
India is the third largest coconut producing country in the world. Copra and coconut oil are
the two major products of the coconut processing industry. Nearly 60% of the total
production of nuts is utilized for food uses and the rest goes in for oil extraction. In spite of
the fact that our country has the necessary raw material to launch new product lines, minimal
progress has taken place in the application of modern technology for full utilization of various
coconut products such as desiccated coconut, coconut cream powder, partially defatted
coconut gratings, bottled coconut water, etc., Desiccated coconut is widely used in the
preparation of sweets, confectionery, curry preparation etc. At present about 4000 tonnes
of desiccated coconut is produced annually. The main concentration of units producing
desiccated coconut are in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa and
Maharashtra. Desiccated coconut is not only a value added product but it being a labour
intensive industry will also generate a large number of employment opportunities.
Being a mass consumption item, desiccated coconut has a good market. At present about
4000 tonnes of desiccated coconut is manufactured annually and used mainly by
confectionery and biscuit industry. Desiccated coconut may find good market in areas where
coconuts are not produced particularly in Northern India. Now-a-days food habits of our
people are changing very fast and a number of food items are being introduced every day
where desiccated coconut may also find use. So there is a good scope for new small scale
units to come up in this line of manufacture.
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1.3.3 Scope of Research
Copra
HS Code Description
1203 Copra
120300 Copra
1513 Coconut (Copra), Palm Kernel Or Babassu Oil And Fractions

Thereof, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically Modified
15131900 | Coconut (copra), palm kernel or babassu oil and fractions thereof,
15131900 Coconut (copra), palm kernel or babassu oil and fractions thereof, whether
or not refined, but not chemically modified: Coconut (copra) oil and its fractions: Other
15132110 Coconut (copra), palm kernel or babassu oil and fractions thereof, whether
or not refined, but not chemically modified: Palm kernel or babassu oil and fractions
thereof: Crude Oil: Palm kernel oil
151329 Refined Palm Kernel/Babasu Oil And Its Fractions
Coconut Products Value added from coconut

0801 Coconuts, Brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried, whether or
not shelled or peeled.
08011100 Coconuts, brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled
or peeled: Coconuts: Desiccated
4402 Wood Charcoal (Including Shell Or Nut Charcoal), Whether Or

Not Agglomerated.
44029010 Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not
agglomerated: Other: Of coconut shell
44029090 Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not

agglomerated: Other: Other.
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1.4 India General Info and Trade Statistics of Copra, Coconut Products
and Charcoal
Demography
After China, India is the world’s second-most populated country - with the current population
exceeding 1.3 bn. With just one-third of the land area of China, India’s population falls behind
by only 47 Million. The country has a high population density of 450 persons per sq. km,
which favours economies of scale and offers a vast and diverse consumer base. About
62.5% of India’s population falls in the working age group of 15-59 years.
Area
India is the seventh-largest country in terms of land area, with an area of 2.9 million sq. km.
the total agricultural land is about 60.4%, of which 52.6% is arable. About 23.8% of the total
land area is covered by forests. The country has a land frontier of 15,200 km and a coastline
of 7,516 km. India is defined by the Himalayan Range, the world’s largest mountain range,
running from the country’s north to north-east. It has the Thar Desert and Rann of Kutch in
the west, and the watershed region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the east. The Ganga,
India’s largest river, flows through 11 states in the north before entering Bangladesh.
Further, India is surrounded by the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean on the west and the
south respectively - and the Bay of Bengal on the east.
Inflation
Inflation in India is measured using the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which measures the
changes in the prices of 260 commodities and services at the retail level. The country shifted
from Wholesale Price Index (WPI) to CPI.
Table 1 : Wholesale Price India (WPI) India 2020

Value : %
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Des
2020 3,1 2,26 1 - - - 0.16 1.32 1.48 1.55
3.21 1.81 0.58
2019 2,76 2,93 3,10 2.79 2.02 1.17 1.17 0.33 1.48 0.58
https://eaindustry.nic.in/wpi_press_release_archive.asp
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Table 2 : Consumer Price Index (CPI) India 2020
Value : %
Rural Urban Combination
Januari 2020 7,73 7,39 7,59
Februari 2020 6,67 6,57 6,58
Maret 2020 6,09 5,66 5,91
April 2020
Mei 2020 0 0 0
Juni 2020 6,34 6,12 6,23
Juli 2020 7,04 6,84 6,93
Agustus 2020 6,66 6,80 6,69
September 2020 7,36 7,26 7,27
Oktober 2020 7.75 7,33 7,61
November 2020 7.20 6.73 6.93
December 2020 4.07 6.19 4.59
Sumber : Government of India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation National Statistical Office
Note : Prov. – Provisional, Combd. – Combined; ‘–‘ : CPI (General) was not released for
April & May 2020.
Developing Sectors
Key sectors that are driving growth in the Indian economy include – construction, financial
services, technology, automotive and healthcare. With the launch of the ‘Make in India’
initiative, the country has seen a spur in infrastructure development, with growth of 5.6%
expected in the sector between 2016-20. Growth in India’s financial services sector is driven
by rising incomes and awareness, with India’s asset management industry reaching $ 321
bn in February 2019, and becoming one of the fastest growing globally. India has the world’s
second-largest internet subscriber base, and is the third-largest tech start-up hub. Its
domestic tech-market is the fastest growing in the Asia-Pacific region. India’s automobile
sector is expected grow at a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% to reach $ 300
bn by 2026, and become the third-largest automotive market in terms of volume.
The healthcare sector in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 22.9% to reach $ 372 bn
by 2022.
Import and Export
What India export?
Petroleum products, Mineral fuels including oil, Gems, precious metals, Machinery including
computers, Organic, Electrical machinery, equipment, chemicals, iron, steel, and
Pharmaceuticals products.
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What India Imports?
Crude petroleum, gold, pearls, precious stones, petroleum products, Telecom instruments,
electronic components, industrial machinery, electronic components, Animal/vegetable fats,
oils, waxes, Plastics, plastic articles, and medical apparatus.
The Customs Tariff Act and Central Excise Tariff Act have laid down the duties that are
levied on trade. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) is the body that promotes
and facilitates foreign trade, implements FTP and issues authorisation to exporters.
India’s Top 25 Export Destinations
1. USA 11. Malaysia 21. Indonesia

2. UAE 12. Saudi Arabia 22. South Africa
3. China 13. Belgium 23. Brazil
4. Hong Kong 14. France 24. Spain
5. Singapore 15. Vietnam 25. Srilanka
6. United Kingdom 16. Italy
7. Netherlands 17. Turkey
8. Germany 18. South Kora
9. Bangladesh 19. Japan
10. Nepal 20. Thailand
India’s Top 25 Imports Sources

1. China 11. Germany 21. South Africa
2. USA 12. Japan 22. Thailand
3. UAE 13. Malaysia 23. United Kingdom
4. Saudi Arabia 14. France 24. Venezuela
5. Iraq 15. Australia 25. France
6. Hongkong 16. Qatar
7. Switzerland 17. Kuwait
8. South Korea 18. Belgium
9. Indonesia 19. Vietnam
10. Singapore 20. Russia
GDP
India’s GDP is estimated to contract by 7.7 per cent in FY2020-21, composed of a sharp
15.7 per cent decline in first half and a modest 0.1 per cent fall in the second half. Sector-
wise, agriculture has remained the silver lining while contact-based services, manufacturing,
construction were hit hardest, and have been recovering steadily. Government consumption
and net exports have cushioned the growth from diving further down.
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Taxation
The tax structure in India is divided into direct and indirect taxes - levied on the taxable
income earned by individuals and on the sale and provision of goods and services
respectively. Taxes are levied by both the Central and the State Governments. Some minor
taxes are also levied by local authorities, including municipal bodies. Some common direct
taxes include income tax, stamp duty and registration. Indirect taxes include customs duty,
central GST, central excise and VAT.
The Government of India passed an Amendment in August 2016 to roll out the Goods and
Services Tax (GST) - simplifying the complex multiple indirect tax structure. The GST rate
structure has been implemented under five slabs:
• 5% - common use items, including goods and services
• 12% - Standard rate of goods and services (currently tax on abated rates)
• 18% - Standard rate
• 28% - Luxury and sin goods such as tobacco, high-end luxury goods
• 0% - Essential items including food and certain services
Transportation: Land, Air and Water
Transport in India consists of transport by land, water and air. Public transport is the primary
mode of road transport for most of the Indian citizens, and India's public transport systems
are among the most heavily used in the world.
India's road network is the second-largest and one of the busiest in the world. India's rail
network is the fourth largest and second busiest in the world, transporting 8.44 billion
passengers and 1.23 billion tonnes of freight annually, as of 2019. Aviation in India is
broadly divided into military and civil aviation which is the fastest-growing aviation market in
the world (IATA data) and Bangalore with 65% national share is the largest aviation
manufacturing hub of India. India's waterways network, in the form
of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks, is the ninth largest waterway network in the world.
Freight transport by waterways is highly under-utilised in India with the total cargo moved
(in tonne kilometres) by inland waterways being 0.1 percent of the total inland traffic in India.
Infrastructure
India currently has 77 cargo-handling major and non-major ports, 86 international and
domestic airports and over 5.5 mn km of road network. The country ranked 44th in the 167
country Logistics Performance Index issued by the World Bank in 2018. India has witnessed
substantial growth in infrastructure spending over the past few years, with a budgetary
allocation of over $ 83 bn for the fiscal year 2018-19. Initiatives such as ‘Bharatmala
Pariyojana’, ‘Sagarmala Project’, ‘Smart Cities Mission’ and ‘Housing for All’ are contributing
to the growth of opportunities in the infrastructure sector.
The construction sector (development and related activities) attracted Foreign direct
investment (FDI) worth $ 3.3 bn in 2017-18. The sector requires an investment of $ 777.7
bn by 2022 for ensuring sustainable infrastructure development.
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As one of the biggest peninsulas in the world, India is a bustling hub for global imports and
exports. With so many major ports in India that help to sustain India’s developing economy,
corporations from all over the world are taking a closer look at India as a potential
headquarters for global trade operations.
The nine coastal states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal host the majority of seaports in India. Here are
ten of the largest container and cargo shipping ports in India today :
1. Kandla Port
Located 90 kilometres from the Gulf of Kutch, the Kandla Port was built in the 1950s in the
Kandla Creek area as the first export processing port in India. It is the biggest container port
in India when it comes to the value and amount of cargo that travels through it each year.
It’s also known as the most affluent and the busiest port, thanks to its high profitability for
exporting grain and importing oil. Today, imports include petroleum, heavy machinery, salt,
textiles, and chemicals.
2. Mumbai Port
Mumbai Port is India’s largest port by size and shipping traffic. Located in west Mumbai on
the western coast of India, the Mumbai Port is situated in a natural harbor. The water
reaches depths of 10-12 meters, allowing easy docking and passage for large cargo ships.
Handling about 20-percent of India’s foreign trade, Mumbai Port is critical to the Indian
economy and trade operations. It has four jetties that handle numerous imports and exports,
including crude and petroleum oil, as well as liquid chemicals, textiles, tobacco, manganese,
leather, and heavy machinery.
3. Chennai Port
As the second biggest port in India, Chennai Port (also known as the Madras port)
handles over 100 million metric tons of cargo per year. It began operations in 1881 as the
third established port in India. Chennai Port is located on the Coromandel Coast in the Bay
of Bengal. It serves as Tamilnadu’s main port and a large contributor to the local economy.
In addition to its bustling cargo and container shipping activity, Chennai Port attracts a large
number of tourists each year because of its surrounding lighthouses.
4. Port Blair Port

One of the youngest major ports in India, Port Blair was declared an official shipping and
cargo port by the Indian government due to its significant contributions to the economy. It
sits inside a natural harbour with a depth of twelve to thirteen meters. It can accommodate
cargo ships up to 500 feet in length. Named after the capital city of Andaman, in the Nicobar
Islands, Port Blair serves as a connection point between the Bay of Bengal and the
Andaman Sea.
5. Kolkata Port
Known as the “Gateway of Eastern India,” the Kolkata Port manages cargo that arrives from
Australia and Southeast Asia. It utilizes two dock systems, Haldia docks and Kolkata docks.
It is the busiest port for the trade of jute, and a major exporter of steel, iron ore, copper,
leather, tea, and coal. Imports include heavy machinery, paper, fertilizers, chemical
10
products, and crude oil. It’s a natural river port and can easily accommodate ships up to 500
feet in length.
6. Tuticorin Port
Tuticorin Port is an all-weather port that attracts large volumes of global shipping traffic.
Located inside an artificial harbour, it has an anchorage depth of 10 meters. Tuticorin was
once known as the main port for maritime trade and pearl fishing. Main imports and exports
include salt, grain, cooking oil, petroleum, and coal.
7. Cochin Port
Cochin Port is one of the fastest-growing ports in India and the Arabian Sea. Nestled
between the islands of Willingdon and Vallarpadam, it moves 11 million metric tons of
imported goods alone each year. Imports and exports consist mainly of tea, coffee, spices,
fertilizers, and mineral oils. With an anchorage depth of nearly 14 meters and a cargo depth
of over nine meters, it can easily accommodate ships of over 500 feet in length.
8. Ennore Port
With both railway and road links to support sea transport, Ennore Porthandles large volumes
of coal (over 16 million metric tons per year). There are plans in place to expand the port
with three more multi-purpose berths and five container berths. The port is privately owned,
unlike many Indian ports that are owned by the government. It has an anchorage depth of
16 meters and is a coastal breakwater port with a relatively small harbor. Ennore Port is
located 24 kilometers from the Chennai Port on the Coromandel Coast.
9. Panambur Port
Panambur Port is located in the coastal city of Mangalore and was inaugurated as a major
seaport of India in 1974. It is a deep, all-weather port with 17 berths, and operates all year
long. Serving as a trading point for Karnataka and Kerala, it moves many major imports like
fertilizer, timber, wood pulp, petroleum, and more. Exports include coffee, iron ore,
manganese, and cashew nuts.
10. Vizag Port

Vizag Port (or Visakhapatnam) is the oldest shipyard in India. It is one of the only natural
harbors in the Bay of Bengal. It was inaugurated as a major seaport in 1933 and manages
1.2 million metric tons of cargo in its 24 berths each year, including sea trade of iron ore,
pellets, coal, aluminum, and oil. Plans are underway for continued modernization of the
harbor thanks to continued investment by the Indian government.
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1.4 of Plastic Copra, Coconut Products and Charcoal
1.4.1 India Import from World (Last 5 Years)
Table 3 : India Import from world (last 5 Years)

Values in US $ Million
HS Description 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth

Code
120300 COPRA 0 1.62 14.32 10.37 11.63 12.15
151319 COCONUT (COPRA) REFINED OIL AND 0.43 0.06 1.09 2.35 0.41 -82.55
FRACTIONS
151321 CRUDE PALM KERNEL/BABASU OIL AND ITS 75.99 120.36 124.87 99.72 95.49 -4.24
FRACTNS
151329 REFND PALM KERNEL/BABASU OIL AND ITS 5.08 3.5 2.76 4.42 7.13 61.31
FRACTNS
080111 DESICCATED COCONUT 0.39 0.33 1.99 28.42 9.97 -64.92
440290 WOD CHRCL(INCL SHL/NUT CHRCL) 0.74 0.42 11.57 4.77 5.49 15.09
W/N AGLOMRTD :OTHER
Source : Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, January 2021
India imports from the world for the HS code 120300 Copra witnessed a positive growth of
12.15% for the year 2020 compared to 2019 with import value of 11.63 million USD, the
commodity of refined oil and the coconut copra fraction witnessed a sharp decline of -83,
55%. HS Code 151321 crude pam kernel/babasu oil and its fraction witnessed a positive
growth of 61.31% with import value of 7.13 million USD. The Desiccated Coconut commodity
witnessed a decrease in demand by -64.92% and for the wood charcoal (Including shell /
Nut Charcoal witnessed a positive growth of 15.09% but relatively less of import value.
1.4.2 India Import from other Indonesia (Last 5 years)
Table 4 : India Import from Indonesia (last 5 Years)

HS Description 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth
Code
120300 COPRA 0 1.62 14.32 10.36 11.52 11.20
151319 COCONUT (COPRA) 0.42 0 0.97 2.03 0 -100.00
REFINED OIL AND
FRACTIONS
151321 CRUDE PALM 48.07 61.41 69.9 44.9 57.91 28.98
KERNEL/BABASU OIL AND
ITS FRACTNS
151329 REFND PALM 2.21 2.69 1.67 2.53 3.42 35.18
KERNEL/BABASU OIL AND
ITS FRACTNS
080111 COCONUT DESICCATED 0.05 0.1 0 0 0 -
440290 WOD CHRCL(INCL SHL/NUT 0.01 0.04 2.95 1.06 0.77 -27.36
CHRCL) W/N AGLOMRTD
:OTHER
12
India imports from Indonesia for the copra commodity witnessed a positive growth of 11.20%
with import value for the year 2020 USD 11.52 million USD. Coconut (Copra) Refined Oil
and Fractions for the year 2020 India did not import from Indonesia. Crude Palm
Kernel/Babasu Oil and Its Fractions witnessed increased import value for the year 2020
27.91 million USD with percentage growth 28.98% and Refine Palm Kernel/Babasu Oil and
Its Fractions with percentage 35.18% import value o3.42 million USD. India has not imported
dry coconut powder from Indonesia since 2018.
1.4.3 India Import from other countries (Last 5 Year)
Table 5 : India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 120300
COPRA
Rank Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Share %Share Trend
2019 2020 % 20/19
World 0 1.62 14.32 10.37 11.63 100.00 100.00 0.00
1 INDONESIA 0 1.62 14.32 10.36 11.52 99.90 99.05 -0.85
2 PHILIPPINES 0 0 0 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.60 524.16
3 SINGAPORE 0 0 0 0 0.02 - 0.17 -

4 HONG 0 0 0 0 0.02 - 0.17 -
KONG
Indonesia is the main exporter country for the copra commodity to India with an export value
11.52 million USD and percentage market share 2020 of 99.05%, followed by Philippines
with a market share of 0.60% and Singapore & Hong Kong with very less market share.
Table 6 : India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 151319
COCONUT (COPRA) REFINED OIL AND FRACTIONS
Rank Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Share %Share %Growth
2019 2020
World 5.08 3.5 2.76 4.42 7.13 100.00 100.00 0.00

1 MALAYSIA 2.87 0.81 0.85 1.88 3.69 42.53 51.75 21.67
2 INDONESIA 2.21 2.69 1.67 2.53 3.42 57.24 47.97 -16.20
3 GERMANY 0 0 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.23 0.28 23.98
4 SINGAPORE 0 0 0.2 0 0 - - -
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The main exporting countries for the commodity of coconut (copra) refined oil and its
fraction (copra) to India are Malaysia with percentage market share 51.75% and followed
by Indonesia with percentage market share 48.97%.
Table 7 : India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 151321 Crude Palm
Kernel/Babasu Oil And Its Fractions
Rank Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Share %Share %Growth
2019 2020
World 75.99 120.36 124.87 99.72 95.49 0.00
100.00 100.00
1 INDONESIA 48.07 61.41 69.9 44.9 57.91 34.69
45.03 60.65
2 MALAYSIA 27.73 56.86 42.77 54.08 35.71 -31.04
54.23 37.40
3 THAILAND 0 0 9.55 0 0.81 - -
0.85
4 LIBERIA 0 0 0 0 0.66 - -
0.69
5 BENIN 0 0 0.13 0.26 0.23 -7.62
0.26 0.24
6 TOGO 0 0 0.92 0.45 0.17 -60.55
0.45 0.18
7 UKRAINE 0 0 1.19 0 0 - -
-
8 GUINEA 0 0 0 0.03 0 -100.00
0.03 -
9 Other 0.19 2.09 0.41 0 0 - -
countries -
The main exporting countries for crude palm kernel oil/babasu oil and Its fractions
commodities to India in 2020 are Indonesia as the main exporting country with percentage
market share 60.55%, followed by Malaysia with percentage market share 37.50% and other
countries such as Thailand, Liberia respectively each has a small market share.
14
Table 8 : India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 151329 Refined
Palm Kernel/Babasu Oil And Its Fractions
Rank Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth
%Share %Share
2019 2020
World 5.08 3.5 2.76 4.42 7.13 100.00 100.00 61.31
1 MALAYSIA 2.87 0.81 0.85 1.88 3.69 42.53 51.75 96.28
2 INDONESIA 2.21 2.69 1.67 2.53 3.42 57.24 47.97 35.18
3 GERMANY 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.23 0.28 100.00
4 SINGAPORE 0.2 0 0 - - -
The main exporting country refined palm kernel/babasu oil and its fractions in 2020 was
Malaysia with percentage market share 51.75%, followed by Indonesia with percentage
market share 47.97% and Germany with a very small market share 0.28%.
Table 9: India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 080111 Desiccated
Coconut
Rank Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth

%Share %Share
2019 2020
World 0.39 0.33 1.99 28.42 9.97 0.00
100.00 100.00
1 SRI LANKA 0.34 0.23 1.96 28.29 9.88 -0.45
DSR 99.54 99.10
2 VIETNAM SOC 0 0 0.02 0.11 0.08 107.31
REP 0.39 0.80
3 U ARAB EMTS 0 0 0 0 0.01 -
- 0.10
4 THAILAND 0 0 0.01 0 0 -
- -
5 SINGAPORE 0 0 0 0.02 0 -100.00
0.07 -
6 INDONESIA 0.05 0.1 0 0 0 -
- -
The main exporting country for Desiccated Coconut commodity in 2020 was Sri Lanka with
percentage market share 99.10% with export value 9.88 million USD.
The government decision comes on a request made by the Coconut Development Board to
protect the domestic industry, which has been on the verge of closure because of large-
scale imports of desiccated coconut powder. The government had sought the views of the
Board in the wake of unbridled imports, especially from Sri Lanka, at very low rates on
account of high domestic prices of raw coconuts.
15
Table 10: India Import from other countries (last 5 Years) Commodity: 440290 Wood
Charcoal (Including Shell Or Nut Charcoal), Agglomerated
:other :
Rank. Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth
%Share %Share
2019 2020
World 0.74 0.42 11.57 4.77 5.49 0.00
100.00 100.00
1 SRI LANKA 0 0 0.02 1.61 2.73 47.33
DSR 33.75 49.73
2 INDONESIA 0.01 0.04 2.95 1.06 0.77 -36.89
22.22 14.03
3 PHILIPPINES 0.29 7.63 1.26 0.74 -48.97
26.42 13.48
4 CHINA P RP 0.23 0.3 0.81 0.7 0.73 -9.39
14.68 13.30
5 VIETNAM 0 0 0.03 0.01 0.29 2,419.67
SOC REP 0.21 5.28
6 BHUTAN 0 0.01 0 0.03 0.19 450.27
0.63 3.46
7 MALAYSIA 0.08 0.04 0.13 0.03 0.03 -13.11
0.63 0.55
8 UK 0 0 0 0 0.01 -
- 0.18
9 GERMANY 0 0 0 0.04 0 -100.00
0.84 -
10 U ARAB 0 0.01 0 0 -
EMTS - -
11 SIERRA 0 0 0 0.02 0 -100.00
LEONE 0.42 -
12 KOREA RP 0 0 0 0.01 0 -100.00
0.21 -
13 NIGERIA 0.03 0.02 0 -
- -
14 RUSSIA 0.1 0 -
- -
The main exporting country for Wood Charcoal (Including Shell Or Nut Charcoal),
Agglomerated in 2020 was Sri Lanka with percentage market share 49.73 %, followed by
Indonesia with percentage market share 14.03%, the Philippines 13.48% and China
13.30%.
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1.5 India Market of Copra, Coconut Products, Charcoal in India
Copra
Copra is used for different uses and coconut copra is a by-product and the main product is
coconut oil. Even using this by-product there are multiple advantages of it. Coconut copra
is used for diverse applications and there are so many benefits of these commercial
products.
Normally coconut copra got great history and it’s believed that the copra is coming from the
original name called Tamil word call kopprai. coconut copra slice is also used for Hindu
religious ceremonies. It is believed that coconut copra got great history in the early Hindu
era. However, Copra was introduced to Europe in late 1800 as an edible fat source and later
it became popular in the United States of America too. They believe that the coconut helps
to improve the eyesight.
Types of Coconut Copra

Copra can classify as two main parts one is milling copra and the other on edible copra. The
classification is basically depending on the drying methods which use for dry the coconut.
• Milling Copra: Normally milling copra use to extract for getting coconut oil and edible
copra use as dry fruit. The milling copra is the coconut fleshed gets dried by the using
sun or artificially by using hot air driers to remove the water content of this
coconut. This is the most famous type of coconut copra and the remaining part of
the milling copra are used to feed farm animals.
• Edible Copra: In India, this edible compare is also used for some religious purposes.
The shape of edible copra is looked as ball and cup. There are different types of
edible copra are use and the price is changed according to the size and colour of the
copra. The entire compare is famously known as edible copra which is less dried
compare with full dried coconut copra.
Edible copra is of high quality and is made in the form of balls or cups. Milling copra is mostly
in the form of cups and to a small extent in chips. Edible copra is utilised for various
household sweet preparations, especially in the northern India and also as an ingredient in
the processed betelnuts for chewing.
In India Copra has also been used in traditional Indian Cooking. In many Indian home is
used in curries, spice powders and also in sweets. Copra is very rich in iron, calcium, fiber
and many minerals. Traditionally copra has been used to strengthen the bones and improve
the overall health.
Edible ball copra production is concentrated mostly in Tumkur and Tipkur areas of Karnataka
State and to a small extent in parts of northern Kerala and in Andhra Pradesh.
Ball copra is produced by storing fully mature nuts (12 months maturity) in unhusked form
for a period of 8 to 12 months on a raised platform, usually made of bamboos inside a shed
or residential building. During the storage period, water inside the nut gets absorbed in the
17
kernel which ultimately dries up and detaches itself from the shell in the form of a ball. A
rattling sound will be heard when the nut is shaken. At this stage the husk and shell are
removed carefully so that the copra inside is detached in a ball form. It is usually cream
coloured, sweet and soft, and the keeping quality of ball copra is more than 12 months under
proper storage. This type of ball copra in Kerala is called "Boda". Edible copra is produced
in the form of cups also. To make edible cup copra, fully mature selected nuts are kept in
storage for long periods of time. The nuts after storage are dehusked, cut into cups and
dried in the open sun until good quality copra is obtained. Edible copra commands premium
price over other forms of copra. The popular brands of edible copra are "Rajpur", "Malathi",
"Dilpasant" and "White". In some places, indirect heating is resorted to for processing edible
cup copra.
The manufacture of this item is in the unorganised sector and mostly in the households. No
precise information is available in respect of the number of units and related data. The total
production of edible copra both cup and ball is 0.1 million tonne annually.
Copra as Animal Food

In Asian culture, the mature coconut gets dried and get the oil out of it and the best part of
it use to feed for livestock. Copra is good to use as a food for horses and Cattle and this
copra based livestock food contains higher levels of protein and fats. Sometimes these
copra based foods are used to ad heat and install some high protein for feed farm animals.
Copra meal being the major animal feed used in India, is imported from Indonesia and is
distributed among the local traders.
The following are just some of the common uses of copra:

• Coconut oil is commonly used in baking and cooking
• Coconut oil is a favourite ingredient in beauty products for its moisture and texture
• The coconut cake produced by making copra is commonly used as livestock food
• Coconut scent is widely used in products such as candles and soaps
• Coconut oil is an edible fat comparable to butter or margarine
The major players in India Coconut Copra market include:

• SPS Coconut Products, http://www.spscoconuts.com
• SMS Exporters, http://www.smscoco.com
• Dalcoexim, http://www.dalcoexim.com/coconut-copra.php
• Anitha Exports, http://www.anithaexports.asia
• Mokshita International, https://mokshitaintl.com
• Vashini Exports, http://www.vashiniexports.com
Coconut Products Market By Type

• Coconut Water
• Coconut Oil
• Coconut Milk
• Dried Coconut Product
• Other
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Coconut Water
Coconut water refers to the liquid endosperm of a tender coconut at an age of approximately
9 months from time of pollination, the period before the solid endosperm or white meat forms.
It is a pure and nutritious beverage in the natural state. The coconut husk is an excellent
package for the water which contains sugars, minerals, amino acids and vitamins.
Tender coconut water is a natural source of electrolytes, minerals, vitamins, complex

carbohydrates, Amino acids and other nutrients. The natural carbohydrate content is
between 4-5% of the liquid solution. This make coconut water particularly suitable for the
burgeoning sports drink market. According to Sports Science Institute (USA), sports drinks
containing under 5% carbohydrates are likely to provide benefits, while those exceeding
10% carbohydrate content, like most soft drinks are associated with abdominal cramps,
nausea and diarrhoea.
Numerous medicinal properties of tender coconut water reported are:-
1. Good for feeding infants suffering from intestinal disturbances.

2. Oral rehydration medium
3. Contains organic compounds possessing growth promoting properties
4. Keeps the body cool
5. Application on the body prevents prickly heat and summer boils and subsides the
rashes caused by small pox, chicken pox, measles, etc.
6. Kills intestinal worms
7. Presence of saline and albumen makes it a good drink in cholera cases
8. Checks urinary infections.
9. Excellent tonic for the old and sick
10. Cures malnourishment.
11. Diuretic
12. Effective in the treatment of kidney and urethral stones
13. Can be injected intravenously in emergency case.
14. Found as blood plasma substitute because it is sterile, does not produce heat, does
not destroy red blood cells and is readily accepted by the body.
15. Aids the quick absorption of the drugs and makes their peak concentration in the
blood easier by its electrolytic effect.
16. Urinary antiseptic and eliminates poisons in case of mineral poisoning.
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil finds extensive use in food, toiletry and industrial sectors because of its unique
characteristics.
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Virgin Coconut oil: Mother of all oils
1. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is abundant in vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants, thus
making it the 'mother of all oils'.
2. Extracted from fresh coconut kernel without any chemical processes, it is the purest
form of coconut oil, water white in colour.
3. Virgin coconut oil is a major source of Lauric Acid and Vitamin E.
4. The virgin coconut oil is free from trans fatty acid, high in medium chain fats (MCFA)
or medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) known as lauric acid, which is identical to
special group of fats found in human breast milk.
5. VCO is widely consumed as MCT oil for weight loss treatment, etc.
6. MCT's are more easily and rapidly digested than other types of fats, as they require
lower amounts of enzymes and bile acids for intestinal absorption.
7. MCT's are metabolized very quickly in the liver and are reported to encourage an
increase in energy expenditure, while decreasing fat storage.
8. Numerous studies suggest that substituting MCT Oil for other fats in a healthy diet
may therefore help to support healthy weight and body composition.
9. High quality of this oil makes it an ideal massage oil for babies and also for skin and
hair applications.
10. It protects the skin from infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi, prevents
dandruff and hair loss.
11. It even eases muscular pain.
12. Supplement your body with antioxidants. Antioxidant is your body's natural defense
against free radicals.
13. It prevents the chain reaction of free radicals and mars sagging and unsightly
wrinkles.
14. Rich in Vitamin C and Vitamin E, virgin coconut oil slows down the ageing process
and assures the best of life and beauty to your skin.
15. It also helps in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.
20
Coconut Products Market Segments By Application Food
Desiccated coconut (DC)
Desiccated Coconut Powder is obtained by drying ground or shredded coconut kernel after
the removal of brown tests. It finds extensive use in confectioneries, puddings and many
other food preparations as a substitute to raw grated coconut. It is finely grated, dried,
unsweetened form of coconut, obtained by drying shredded or ground kernel. It is used as
a substitute to raw grated coconut in confectioneries, desserts like puddings, cookies, cakes,
pastries, and other food preparations.
Uses.
Desiccated coconut powder is used as an ingredient in savoury and sweet recipes, for
imparting coconut flavor and texture as topping. No cholesterol and is rich in dietary fibre. It
can be added to hot or cold cereals and as an addition to baked goods. Also consumed as
a snack item.
Desiccated coconut industry has been in existence in India for the last forty years. Inspite of
availability of raw material in plenty, the industry could not register appreciable growth. There
are about 32 units in India manufacturing desiccated coconut, located in Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Orissa. Majority of these units are concentrated in Tiptur,
Tumkur, Aresekere and Hassan of Karnataka State. Presently, no drier is specifically made
in the country to suit the exact need of desiccated coconut units and hence the units are
depending on old tea driers suitably modified for this purpose. The urgent need of the
industry is to make available to the units the exact type of driers used for this purpose, and
making available to them financial assistance for meeting working capital requirements.
The manufacturing process involves selection of matured, seasoned, ungerminated,

undamaged, dehusked nuts, deshelling by a small hatchet chisel, paring of the testa using
the paring knife, slicing the kernel and removal of water, washing, sterilizing (blanching)
using hot water, disintegrating into granular pieces of 1-5 mm size, drying in batch type of
semi-automatic tray drivers or fluid bed dryers to bring down the moisture to 3%, cooling the
product to room temperature, sieving, grading and packing in polyethylene lined craft paper.
Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia are major producing countries. Other
countries producing small quantities of desiccated coconut are India, Fiji, Tonga, Ivory Coast
and Brazil. Among its major export markets are the USA, United Kingdom, France,
Netherlands, Italy, Eastern Europe, Australia, Japan, Taiwan and the Middle Eastern
countries.
Seasonal variations in sales indicate that during summer months as well as in festival
seasons like Pooja and marriage seasons in North India, the demand for this item is more.
21
Various stages of the process are breaking shell, pealing or paring, disintegrating, drying,
sifting and packing of which breaking and paring are done completely by manual operations.
Desiccated coconut is sold in cases of 25 kg and 15 kg either loose or in 1 kg consumer

packets.
The capacity of the units in India when compared to units in Sri Lanka or Philippines is quite
meagre. One of the main problems posed by the units is the non-availability of a suitable
drier.
Of late, the technology for partial extraction of oil from desiccated coconut is developed in
order to produce a low cost product. Application of this technology results in partially defatted
desiccated coconut and superior quality coconut oil which fetches better price than the
ordinary grades of oil. The defatted coconut is preferred in some food processing units as it
does not induce rancidity in the final product ensuring longer shelf life.
The major players Desiccated Coconut in India market include

• Sree Krishna Coconut Product Company,http://www.desiccatedcoconutpowder.in
• Kasturi Coconut Processing, https://www.kasturicoconutprocessing.com
The major players Desiccated Coconut in India market include

• Shriram Coconut Products Limited, http://www.palmo.in/index.php
• V V Industries, http://www.desiccatedcoconutpowder.com
There were also reports that desiccated coconut is being imported, disguised as animal
feed, coconut oil cake and copra oil cake. It is used in sweets, biscuits, confectionery, and
curry etc.
Desiccated coconut is the biggest industry after coconut oil and it was in growth trajectory
till recently following the upgradation of the processing capabilities of factories.
However, uncontrolled imports have put the domestic sector in dire straits.
There are also reports that imported products are being mixed with local brands, which hurts
the local manufacturers and their products. The imports have also led to decline in domestic
prices of raw coconut.
Coconut Products Market Segments By Application Cosmetics
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil is used in the country as a cooking oil, hair oil, body oil and industrial oil. Coconut
oil is made from fully dried copra having maximum moisture content of six per cent. Steam
cooking of copra is also practiced by some millers to enhance the quality and aroma of oil.
Coconut oil is marketed in bulk as well as in packs ranging from sachets containing 5 ml. to
15kg tins. The branded coconut oil in small packs is mainly marketed as hair oil and body
oil. There are several brands known for their superior grade oil which have export market
throughout the world. India has unbeatable quality advantage in this sector. Refined coconut
oil is also manufactured in the country for industrial uses. Refined coconut oil is mainly used
in the manufacture of biscuits, chocolates and other confectionery items, ice cream,
22
pharmaceutical products and costly paints. Generally, filtered coconut oil is used for cooking
and toiletry purposes.
Virgin coconut oil

Virgin coconut oil is made from the milk extracted from raw kernel. Virgin coconut oil (VCO)
is abundant in vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants, thus making it the ‘mother of all oils’.
Extracted from fresh coconut kernel without any chemical processes, it is the purest form of
coconut oil, water white in colour. Virgin coconut oil is a major source of Lauric Acid and
Vitamin E. Virgin coconut oil is free from trans fatty acid, high in medium chain fats (MCFA)
or medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) known as lauric acid, which is identical to special
group of fats found in human breast milk. VCO is widely consumed as MCT oil for weight
loss treatment, etc. It is an ideal massage oil for babies and also for skin and hair
applications. It protects the skin from infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi,
prevents dandruff and hair loss. It even eases muscular pain. Virgin coconut oil slows down
the ageing process and it helps in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.
The major players Virgin Coconut Oil in India market include:

• Sun Bionaturals (India) Private Limited, https://www.sunasia.in
• KOKOs VCO Pvt. Ltd. https://kokosvco.com
Charcoal
Charcoal is used as a type of fuel, most commonly to fuel grills for cooking. There are several
different types that a grill chef can choose from, with the most common types
being briquette, lump, and extruded.
Among the briquette variety, there are several different types of charcoal. Generally, the
briquette is made from a combination of charcoal, mineral carbon, brown coal, borax, sodium
nitrate, sawdust, limestone, and starch. Each of these ingredients has its own special
properties to contribute to the charcoal briquette. The charcoal, along with the mineral
carbon and the brown coal, serves as a heat source. The borax is a press release agent,
while the starch is a binder. The sodium nitrate and the sawdust both assist with ignition,
and the starch is a binder.
Other different types of briquettes may be marketed as “natural.” In this case, they may only
contain charcoal and starch. Still others contain additional ingredients, such as lighter fluid
or paraffin, in order to make them easier to light. The addition of these ingredients does not
create a health hazard because the fuel is burned off before it can contaminate the food.
There are also other different charcoals that contain ingredients meant to help add flavor to
the food, such as mesquite. These ingredients are part of the charcoal and, therefore, do
not burn off like the lighter fluid. The smoke that results from burning these different types
of charcoal contains the flavours, which is added to the food during cooking.
Some types of charcoal are:

• Hardwood/Lump Charcoal– This is a traditional charcoal made directly from
hardwood material It usually produces far less ash than briquettes. Hardwood
charcoal is great for barbeque, it does not contain any chemical binders or igniting
agents.
• Industrial charcoal– Industrial charcoal is a graded charcoal specifically used in any
industry having furnace.
23
• Coconut shell charcoal– Coconut shell charcoal is a compact block charcoal which is
made from coconut shell. As fuel, it is releases more heat and lasts longer than any
other charcoal.
• Activated charcoal– It is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores
that increase the surface area available for absorption or chemical reactions. It is
used in air purification, gold purification, water purification, sewage treatment etc.
• Sawdust briquette charcoal– Sawdust charcoal is made by compressing sawdust
without binders or additives. It has a round hole through the center, with a hexagonal
intersection. It is used primarily for barbecue as it produces no odour, no smoke, little
ash, high heat, and long burning hours.
Types of Charcoal
Charcoal is a wonderful way to heat, cook, and add an unmistakable smoky taste to your
most popular foods. Whether you prefer cooking with charcoal briquettes or natural wood
charcoal, we have a selection of charcoal types to suit the needs of your business.
Natural Lump / Natural Wood Charcoal

There are many benefits to cooking with natural wood charcoal. Natural wood charcoal
burns very hot with temperatures reaching between 800 - 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit. One
pound of natural wood charcoal produces the equivalent heat of two pounds of charcoal
briquettes, so it will also save you money.
Features of natural wood charcoal:
• 100% natural with no additives
• Made from renewable hardwoods
• Lights very easily, burns clean, and produces little ash
• The fire from natural wood charcoal will quickly get to cooking temperature in as
little as 7-10 minutes
Charcoal Briquettes
Another popular method for cooking with charcoal is using charcoal briquettes. This is often
viewed as the easiest, most convenient option.
Features of charcoal briquettes:
• Can be used for heating, cooking, and also adding flavor to foods
• Burns much longer and more evenly than natural charcoal
• More consistent in size
• Takes 20-25 minutes to get to cooking temperature, about twice the time as
natural lump charcoal
What is Charcoal Made of?
While natural charcoal is comprised of hardwood, briquettes are made up of several
components: hardwood char, coal, nitrates, lime, and starch. Each component serves an
important purpose, giving briquettes each of their distinctive qualities. Some cooks favor
briquettes because of these qualities; others find that briquettes emit a chemical odor. Their
environmental impact is also a concern for some consumers.
Lump Charcoal vs. Briquettes

When selecting fuel, it's important to know what you need and what options will deliver the
desired results. Below is a quick outline of the advantages of charcoal. Remember that if
charcoal doesn't work for you, wood is always an option.
24
Cooking with Charcoal
Before lighting charcoal and starting a flame, it's important to understand how to cook with
it. Improper use can ruin food and endanger employees, customers, and the surrounding
area.
Utility
Agarbatti Industry
Charcoal powder is the main ingredient in the agarbatti which is blended with 2-3 other
material to form a mix which is rolled over the stick to make the agarbatti. It is used in the
puja and known to be a sacred material in every household.
Ironing Industry
Charcoal is used to heat the Charcoal Iron used to press the clothes. Charcoal provides a
uniform, smokeless and long lasting heat. Charcoal is the most cost effective fuel for ironing.
Blacksmith
Blacksmith uses the charcoal to forge the iron by heating the furnace. The iron gets soft by
heating it using charcoal and can be shaped or sharpened as per usage.
Similarly the Goldsmith uses the same process to mould the gold and design the ornaments.
Battery industry for smelting of Lead
The Lead-acid battery when become scrap is melted in a high temperature to separate Lead
from the scrap. The charcoal is used to do the process.
Home Utility
Charcoal for household are used mainly for cooking food. The charcoal is used in the stove
to cook the food. Charcoal is pure in nature and contain no toxicity. Charcoal that we
manufacture and supply has no smoke, no smell, no spark, non-toxic in nature, easy to light,
long burning time, economic and environment friendly.
Domestic Fireplace
During winter season the Charcoal is used in the Fire place/Angeethi/Brazier to keep the
house warm.
Barbeque
Charcoal is widely used in the Barbeque to roast/grill the veg and non-veg food at a
controlled temperature giving the soothing aroma of the charcoal in the food.
Industrial
• Some of the Industrial charcoal uses is to produce metal from their ore using it as a
reducing agent.
• Charcoal is used in the Ferro-Allow industry to ignite the furnace to separate metal
from their ore using it as a reducing agent
• One of the industrial charcoal use is the filtering method which is filtering the uses a
bed of activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities, using chemical
adsorption. Each particle/granule of carbon provides a large surface area/pore
structure, allowing contaminants the maximum possible exposure to the active sites
within the filter media.
• Charcoal is used for the initial lighting of the furnace in any industry due its fast
burning habit with high GCV.
25
The increasing popularity of barbecued food and growing steel and cement industries,
where heat is of high importance, are some of the key factors behind the expansion of
the charcoal briquettes industry in the region.
Hexagonal Charcoal Briquette Dominated Market, under Type Segment
The hexagonal category accounted for the largest share in the

Asian charcoal briquettes market in 2019, based on type. This is mainly ascribed to its
preference among restaurants and hotels for the preparation of barbecued food. The
hexagonal shape provides uniform heating during grilling, thus resulting in tasty food.
Further, the easy conversion of non-uniformly shaped charcoal to the hexagonal
shape, which results in its higher availability, is also propelling its demand.
Industrial Sector Embracing Charcoal, in Place of Coal
Based on application, the use of charcoal briquettes in industrial applications is

projected to showcase the fastest growth during the forecast period. Industries are
preferring charcoal, in place of coal, in order to contribute in the mitigation of global
warming, as their burning does not lead to any smoky emission. Further, in several
countries, governments are imposing stringent regulations to protect the environment,
which, in turn, has added to the demand for non-smoky fuels, including charcoal.
Moreover, charcoal briquettes are utilized in silicon manufacturing, which is increasing
in the region because of the growing use of aluminium–silicon alloys in the automotive
sector. This, in turn, is contributing to the growth of the charcoal briquettes market in
Asia.
Large Production Base Makes India Largest Charcoal Briquettes Industry in Asia
India held the largest market share, in terms of volume, in the Asian charcoal briquettes
market in 2019. As per the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations(FAO), India produced 2,880.0 thousand tons of charcoal in 2018, which was
the highest in Asia. In India, the presence of a large number of charcoal manufacturers
and high-volume consumption of charcoal for food preparation in rural areas and in
the metallurgical industry, for various heat-intensive processes, drive the growth of the
market. Further, the changing consumer food preferences are also propelling the
demand for charcoal briquettes in the county.
Charcoal briquettes are increasingly being utilized as a fuel for barbecue applications,
with the barbecues themselves being preferred over gas grills, as they not only provide
a caramelized exterior to the food, but also lend a smoky flavours to it. Hence, the
growing consumer inclination toward barbecued food is resulting in the increasing
consumption of charcoal briquettes in the Asian region.
Increasing Use of Charcoal Briquettes in Recreational Cooking
The use of charcoal briquettes in cooking is significantly increasing across Asian

countries. Asia has a diverse culture, with every country having its signature cooking
styles and cuisines. However, the increasing awareness on a healthy lifestyle and
changing food preferences of people can be seen in every country. As a result, the
26
consumption of food that is grilled or barbecued is increasing in the region, which, in
turn, is providing impetus to the demand for charcoal briquettes as cooking fuel.
There are only a few small scale units for the manufacture of coconut shell powder, charcoal
etc. in the country. They are located in the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh. These industries are yet to develop on modern lines.
There are also a few units manufacturing handicraft items from shells and midribs in Kerala.
These small scale units are concentrated mainly in Ernakulam district of Kerala State.
Coconut shell charcoal is manufactured by burning shells of fully matured nuts in limited
supply of air sufficient only for carbonisation, but not for complete destruction. The output of
charcoal in the traditional pit method is just below 30 per cent of the weight of the original
shells. In India the average output in the traditional method has been found to be 35 kg of
charcoal from 1000 whole shells or about 30,000 whole shells yield 1 tonne of charcoal.
Shell is converted to shell charcoal by carbonization process in mud pits, brick kilns and
metallic kilns. To obtain good quality charcoal, fully dried, clean, mature shells should be
used. Now several modern methods are in vogue for the production of charcoal. In the
modern waste heat recovery unit the heat generated by the burning of coconut shells is used
for drying copra and shell charcoal is obtained as by- product.
Waste Heat Recovery Technology
The waste heat recovery technology is currently available indigenously for coconut shell
carbonization. The technology is advantageous in reducing the smoke problem and
produces clean and well carbonized charcoal using the coconut shell. The flue gases, during
carbonization, is passed through a heat exchanger process, produces heat which could be
effectively utilised for drying operation in copra making, D.C. production and in coir
industries. The application of the Waste Heat Unit (WHU) WHU technology would generate
coconut shell charcoal which could be utilized for the manufacture of activated carbon.
The Philippines, Sri Lanka and India are the major suppliers of coconut shell charcoal.
Production of coconut shells charcoal and its subsequent conversion to activated carbon
have opened up an avenue for industrial level processing for value addition of these by-
products.
27
Activated Carbon
Activated Carbon is a non-graphite form of carbon which could be produced from any
carbonaceous material. Coconut shell based activated carbon is considered superior to
those obtained from other sources due to its small macro pore structure which renders it
more effective for the adsorption of gas/vapor and for the removal of color and odor of
compounds. It is widely used in the refining and bleaching of vegetable oils and chemical
solutions, water purification, recovery of solvents and other vapors, recovery of gold, and in
gas masks for protection against toxic gases. On an average 3 tons of coconut shell charcoal
would yield 1 ton of activated carbon.
Picture 1 : Activated Carbon
Though activated carbon can be made from various kinds of biomass, coconut shell based
activated carbon is reported to be superior in quality and commands a good price in the
international market. The world demand for activated carbon is estimated at 1.2 million tons.
Japan, USA, Germany, Singapore, Ghana, Korea & Taiwan are the major importers of
activated carbon. Philippine, Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Thailand are the major activated
carbon producing countries.
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CHAPTER II
Market and Product Analysis
2.1 Product Trend
Indian scenario
It is a well acknowledged fact that India is one of the largest producer of coconut. Coconut
in India is predominantly a small holders crop contributing to about Rs.83,000 million
annually which is about 2% of the contribution of agriculture & allied sectors with more than
10 million farming families dependent on the crop for their livelihood.
Even though a major producer of coconut, India consumes more than 50% of its coconut
production of 15.84 billion nuts per annum as raw nuts for culinary and religious purposes.
35% of the production is utilized for conversion to copra, 11% for tender nuts, 2% for seed
purposes and hardly 2% is utilized for value addition and industrial purposes. As such there
is a need for the country to devote more intensive research & development and technology
transfer on utilization and product diversification in both food and non-food uses so that the
practice of fixing the price of coconut based on the existing market price of coconut oil could
be done away with.
Coconut has the advantage of having hundreds of uses which no other oil seed or
horticultural crop can claim. Coconut products and by-products can be commercially utilized
for multiple purposes. Coconut is a food as well as an oil seed crop. It is also a source of
fibre, timber, and fuel. The coconut palm is also a beverage crop in many states in the
country. The kernel is an integral part of the diet of the people of the West Coast of India.
Nutritious milk is obtained from the kernel, which yields oil on its boiling. The coconut milk
is an essential ingredient in many culinary preparations.
Coconut oil yields many oleo chemicals which have wide applications in various sectors. It
can also be converted into bio-diesel. The coconut oil cake, the residue obtained after the
extraction of oil from copra, is a good cattle feed. Coconut palm yields toddy, from which
jaggery, vinegar and arrack are manufactured. The timber of coconut is used in house
construction and to make furniture, wall panels, show pieces and floor tiles. The
inflorescence of coconut is used to make ayurvedic medicines. The tender coconut is used
as a nutritious health and sports drink and is a base for many ayurvedic preparations. The
water of mature nut yields products such as vinegar, jelly, Nata de coco and wine. The shell
is used as a fuel besides manufacturing various commercial products such as shell powder,
shell charcoal, shell based activated carbon, ice cream cups, buttons of garments, utility
articles and show pieces.
Coconut is cultivated in India since ancient times. It is reported to be introduced from the
present Sri Lanka and believed to have spread across and the world through sea and
travellers. In India, coconut is attached to all ceremonies functions of Hindu Culture and is
offered to Gods in all kinds of Puja. Coconut is used in many ways in India. In some parts
of South India, coconut is also used extensively in many curry vegetables. Coconut oil is the
key cooking oil in southern part of India. The coconut milk derived from blending grated
coconut is the key ingredient of their coconut chutney. In Bengal also coconut milk is used
in making non vegetarian curry.
29
The dried kernel or the copra is the richest source of cooking oil of Kerala, which is also
used as hair oil, body oil and industrial oil throughout the country. It is an illuminate and
lubricant as well. Coconut oil is an ingredient in most of the premium cosmetic products.
There are two varieties of copra manufactured in India, namely milling and edible. The
milling category of copra is used to extract oil, while the edible grade of copra is consumed
as a dry fruit in addition to being used for religious purposes.
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil is used in the country both for edible and non-edible purposes. It is made from
dried copra having maximum moisture content of 6%. Moreover refined coconut oil is majorly
used in the manufacture of biscuits, chocolates and other confectionery items, ice creams
as well as pharmaceutical products. Virgin coconut oil is made from the milk extracted from
the raw kernel and is abundantly rich in vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants.
Coconut shell charcoal
Shell Charcoal is an important product obtained from coconut shell. Shell charcoal is used
widely as domestic and industrial fuel. Coconut shell charcoal is a by-product of Coconut
oil industries obtained after the extraction of coconut for production of coconut oil. The
shells must be modified physically and chemically to enhance its adsorptive properties
towards organic molecules or metal ions, routinely found in water and waste water. This
is effectively accomplished by converting shells to an activated carbon. Coconut shell
charcoal is reported as a suitable resource for preparation of activated carbon.
There are many methods of coconut shell charcoal production, but the drum method and pit
method are the most widespread. In general, shell charcoal is made by burning coconut
shells in a limited supply of oxygen. It is important to know that oxygen could destroy shells
if the air will not be limited. It should be used clean, fully dried and mature shells in order to
get high quality charcoal. Coconut shell charcoal is found to be a suitable material in the
development of golf courses, according to the Coconut Development Board sources here.
In golf courses, a layer of coconut shell charcoal is laid to a certain depth along with sand
and other biomass before grass is planted.
Coconut Shell Charcoal are highly acclaimed by the customers for their top notch quality
and long shelf life. These have accurate composition and long shelf life. Moreover, these
are processed in our sophisticated facility as per market demands and specifications
ensuring the deliverance of flawless of Coconut Shell Charcoal. One tonne of coconut shells
is procured for Rs 4,000. Shell- based activated carbon is extensively used for refining and
bleaching of vegetable oils and chemical solutions, water purification, recovery of solvents
and gold. It is also used in gas masks and a wide range of filters.
Activated carbon is produced from coconut shell charcoal is used widely in the world market
in many industrial applications such as air purification, gas, liquids and refined gold.
Charcoal is also used in chemical mixing and preparation of pharmaceutical products, in
preserving fruits and vegetables, and many other applications.
30
Coconut shells which is very pure and efficient, tends to be denser with a greater number of
micro-pores and safeguards formulators and manufacturers from customer complaints
arising from dusting issues.
Activated carbon, known more commonly as charcoal, is widely used throughout the pharma
industry as an adsorbent for removing pollutants, odour and noxious gasses from packaged
products. This is due to its amorphous, highly porous structure, which provides a large
surface area for adsorption of gases and volatile organic molecules. But, equally importantly,
manufacturers and distributors choose activated charcoal for their packaging as it is
especially effective in combination with other substances, such as desiccants for the control
of both moisture and odour.
The use of coconut shell charcoal briquette in barbecue and poultry raising is becoming
popular. If this trend continues, the use of coconut shell charcoal could expand rapidly
raising its demand significantly.
Charcoal and purity of any substances has now become a basic requirement of any
chemical substance. So many products obtained by processing are dirty in colour and
having so many impurities. This problem can be easily solved by adsorption of which carbon
has become one of the most generally used materials for the purpose, animal matter. The
resulting amorphous products include charcoal coke and petroleum coke.
Granulated activated carbons are used for purification of gases or liquids and can be used
in a vertical carbon packed column. It finds application in the preparations of pills and
digestive tables. Its adsorptive properties are utilized in the treatment of oilments of the
stomach due to hyperacidity.
Due to the expansion of pharmaceutical and vegetable oil industry the demand of activated
carbon is expected to rise sharply in the coming years. Apart from demand in Indian market,
there is also huge demand of activated carbon in foreign potential for the high quality
activated carbon. So the unit has very good scope.
Table 11:Coconut Statistic in India
SL State/UT'S Area('000 Production(Million

No Ha) Nuts) Productivity(Nuts/Ha)
2018 - 2019
1 Mizoram 00.03 00.15 5000
2 Arunachal 00.07 00.30 4615
Pradesh
3 Telengana 00.46 05.59 12232
4 Nagaland 01.06 09.02 8477
5 Chhattisgarh 01.52 10.93 7210
6 Tripura 04.61 18.37 3987
7 Bihar 11.92 78.12 6551
8 Assam 20.61 182.78 8868
9 Gujarat 26.91 259.57 9646
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10 Maharashtra 27.18 208.93 7687
11 West Bengal 30.82 384.17 12467
12 Odisha 46.67 286.20 6132
13 Others 49.56 274.83 5545
14 Andhra Pradesh 111.82 1567.60 14019
15 Tamil Nadu 436.94 5370.39 12291
16 Karnataka 619.78 4947.74 7983
17 Kerala 760.95 7683.55 10097
All India 2150.89 21288.24 9897
Source : https://www.coconutboard.gov.in/presentation/statistics/statistics.aspx
Note : The Latest data only available up to 2018-2019
2.2 Market Structure
Coconut is foremost important for domestic uses, Coconut grower to help marketable
product which gain producer. It has been cultivation marketing in India from long time. Most
of leading commodities export the world countries.
The current marketing practices in coconut are a major constraint as they provide the
average farmer a very small margin of profit. Seldom does a farmer sell his/her produce
directly to the wholesaler's market as of poor farm-to-market road and lack of transport.
Similarly, as in the other crop sectors, the coconut farmer bears the lower end of fluctuating
domestic prices as dictated by the world market
The marketing efficiency refers to the effectiveness or competence with which a market
structure performs its designated function. Marketing efficiency is directly related to he cost
involved in transporting goods from the producer to the consumer and the quantity of service
offered. A reduction in marketing cost, without reduction in consumer satisfaction, indicates
improvement in efficiency. A higher level of consumer satisfaction, at higher marketing cost,
might have increased efficiency, if the additional satisfaction derived by consumer,
outweighs the additional cost incurred on the marketing process. But a change that reduces
cost as well as consumer satisfaction need not indicate increase in marketing efficiency.
Marketing of coconut like that of any other horticultural commodities, notionally has two
aspects i.e. the marketing activity’, in which sellers and buyers have mutual coordination in
each other’s activities, where goods and services from producers move through certain
channels by conscious application of marketing tools. The other aspect is the marketing
promotional activity, which comprises of gathering information, data, Compilation, analysis,
interpretation of the data and passing the resulted valid Information to farmers, traders,
Business organizations and other concerned agencies to facilitate marketing functions. The
tools used for market promotional activities are marketing research, advertising and effective
coordination between producers and consumers. While marketing promotional activities
play supporting and strengthening role to the marketing activity, however, the later require
s professional and commercial skill.
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Marketing of coconuts differs from that of other fresh fruits due to natural durability of
coconuts, which are sold as fresh tender nuts as well as matured water nuts and dry nuts.
The Marketing practices followed are more or less similar in nature. It has been observed
that they do not differ much except where the post harvest practices change on account of
the form of the coconut and coconut products consumed in that area.
Pattern of Utilization of Coconut
The consumption pattern of coconut in India is presented in below Out of total production of
coconut, about 45 percent is used as raw nuts, 16 percent as tender nuts and 39 percent is
converted into copra. About 70 percent of raw nuts are used for domestic purpose and
remaining 30 percent is used for industrial purpose mainly as desiccated coconut (50%),
frozen/grated coconut (38%) and virgin coconut oil (10%). Nearly 77 percent of copra is
used for milling to produce coconut oil for edible purpose (40%), toiletry (40%) and other
uses (20%) and about 23 percent of copra is used for direct consumption.
Consumption Pattern of Coconut in India
Coconut
Raw Nut Tender Copra

(45%) Nut (16%) (39%)
Domestic Industrial Edible Milling

(70%) (30%) (23%) (77%)
a. Desiccated Coconut Coconut

(50%) Oil
b. Virgin Coconut Oil
(10%)
c. Milk / Cream (2%)
a) Edible
d. Frozen Grated / Dry
(40%%)
Coconut (38%) b) Toiletry (40%)
c) Others (20%)
Diagram 1 : Consumption Pattern of Coconut in India
Source: Coconut Development Board https://cacp.dacnet.nic.in/ViewReports.aspx?Input=2&PageId=37&KeyId=689
33
In the non-food industries, coconut oil is by far the only commercially known vegetable oil
source to be very rich in lauric fatty acids, fatty alcohol, methyl esters, fatty amines and
glycerol which are the bases for the manufacturing of soap, detergents, surfactants, metallic
soaps, plastic and rubber products, candles and crayons, cosmetics, toiletries, synthetic
lubricants and cutting oils. These market opportunities caters for Vanuatu an unprecedented
offer which needs to be supported by an internal marketing and information system geared
towards facilitating and enhancing farmer and producer awareness and improving
investment in the coconut sector.
Some Industrial uses of Charcoal
Cooking Fuel : Outdoor grilling (Charcoal briquettes), backyards and on camping trips
(barbecues), Every day cooking
Heavy Metal : Smelting iron
Purification/Filtration : Charcoal filters, removes coloring material from solutions, glue and
gelatin industries, Avoid Fluoride, Sugar refining
Art : Charcoal pencils, sticks
Horticulture : To improve soils, compost pile to increase its carbon content
Pharmaceuticals : Dietary supplement for gastric problems, charcoal biscuits, Teeth

whitening, Treat alcohol poisoning, Anti-aging, Reduces high cholesterol.
Smoking : Hookah
Automotive, chemical, Fuel : Syngas (CO + H2 + CO2 + N2 mixtures)/Wood Gas/Producer

gas/Suction gas.
Carbon Di-Sulphide : Rubber Vulcanization, Number of Dyes containing Sulphur

Automotive : Charcoal Battery
2.3 Distribution Channel

Marketing of coconut, copra and coconut oil is mainly in the hands of private traders in India.
Co-operative organisations and Government agencies have also entered the field of
processing and marketing of coconuts.
Type of coconut purchasers : Merchants/traders, coconut / copra makers and agencies of

whole sale dealers.
Distribution flow
• Importer – Trader - Consumer
• Importer – Agencies of Wholesale Dealer/local copra makers – Wholesale dealers
(mills)
• Importers – Marketing Societies – Whole sale Traders
34
• Market, by Distribution Channel coconut products:
o Supermarket/Hypermarkets
o Grocery/Retail Stores
o Online Channels
o Other Distribution Channels
Prospects of coconut value added products in Delhi and NCR
Coconut provides a diverse range of products. It is a unique crop, where every part is useful
in one way or the other. The main commercial product of coconut is copra out of which
coconut oil is produced. The other value added coconut products include desiccated
coconut, coconut cream, virgin oil, vinegar, tender coconut water, coconut milk based
product, Neera and its by products and other industrial non- edible products such as coir.
Out of these many products are available around the globe, but some are not. Majority of
the north Indian population are not aware about the various value added coconut products
available and its usage in daily life.
A random survey was carried out in some of the malls and retail outlets in New Delhi and
NCR area to get an idea about the availability of different coconut products in the area. The
survey revealed that coconut hair oil and tender coconut water are the products that are
having high demand in Delhi and surrounding areas. Coconut oil for edible purpose is mainly
available in south Indian stores. Coconut hair oil of different brands are available in all the
small retail outlets which indicates that majority of people in northern region are still
considering it as a good hair oil and not as a cooking medium. However beyond any ethnicity
everyone is fond of enjoying the tender coconut water and tender coconut pulp.
Understanding the scope of tender coconut water in northern India especially in summer
months, many business men are doing the distribution and marketing of packaged tender
coconut water. As a result, packaged tender coconut water could be seen in many retail
outlets. It is felt that if tender coconut water is having this much acceptance among the
people of Delhi, Neera, the nutritious health drink from coconut will replace all the
carbonated soft drinks, once the people of Delhi get a chance to taste it during the severe
and prolonged summer. Apart from the domestic products many foreign coconut products
are also available in the super markets which include mainly coconut products from
Thailand. Among these, coconut water with pieces of suspended pulp or nata-de-coco or
enriched with lychee or mango juice are also getting popular in this area, though it is having
a high price compared to Indian products.
Coconut milk and cream are also imported from Thailand and marketed by Indian business
men, which is popular among the chefs and bakers. The coconut milk /cream marketed by
Dabur and Nestle are having wide acceptability among the homemakers, small scale sweets
makers and bakers. Even though many of the coconut based companies from south India
are manufacturing and marketing the same products they are familiar only among a limited
number of people from the south. Wide public campaigning and TV advertisements will
create a very good demand among the people for these products which are used in the
preparation of a variety of sweets and deserts.
35
The milk chocolate bars with coconut fillings (Bounty) manufactured and marketed by Mars
International is one of the favourite chocolates for all ages. Indian made chocolate with
coconut fillings is not found in any of the shops. It seems that there is good scope for such
chocolates provided if there is good publicity.
The availability of foreign coconut products in Delhi markets are increasing day by day
irrespective of its high price compared to the Indian products. This indicates that there is
huge demand for high quality processed products in north India. In addition to this, there is
a huge south Indian population residing in New Delhi and NCR who is habitual to different
coconut products. The present supply of these coconut products is not at all sufficient
Hyderabad- a potential market for value added coconut products
Coconut nature’s supermarket, is itself a self-service store from where we are getting
different types of products like nut, water, oil, copra, coir, husk etc. Coconut has been
produced in India since time immemorial and has a crucial role in the Indian culture. India is
one of the leading coconut producers in the world. Andhra Pradesh occupies first position in
coconut productivity and the fourth position in area under coconut among the major coconut
growing states viz, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Coconut occupies nearly 1.02 lakh
hectares in Andhra Pradesh with an annual production level of 1678 million nuts which
accounts for 6.03 % area and 8.52 % production in the country. The crop is one of the
important horticultural crops cultivated in the state. Bulk of the coconut produced in the state
of Andhra Pradesh is utilized as tender coconuts, as temple coconuts, edible nuts for
culinary purpose or as edible copra. Copra processing, coconut oil extraction and coir
manufacturing are the traditional coconut based industries in the state.
A study was undertaken to explore the availability of various value added coconut products
in the major retail shops and shopping malls located in Hyderabad. Major 16
supermarkets/malls like Reliance market, D mart, Walmart, More hyper market, Ratnadeep,
Inorbit Mall, Big bazar, Forum Mall, Manjeera- Mall, Spencer’s hyper market etc. were visited
as part of this study. It was found that all supermarkets have varieties of edible and non-
edible coconut products in their shelves. The major edible products found were cut copra,
coconut milk, coconut powder, tender coconut water, desiccated coconut powder, coconut
based confectionaries and chocolates.
Cut copra was seen in major markets of Hyderabad due to its utility in culinary items in this
area. People of Andhra Pradesh are mainly utilizing coconut for making edible copra for their
household purposes. Cut copra is used here as a major ingredient in a variety of dishes.
Because of its culinary use, there is demand for copra in the state during all seasons.
Amalapuram, Ampajipeta and Palakol are the important trading centres for coconut and
copra. All super markets and malls have cut copra in their own packets. Retailers are
purchasing it from wholesalers and repacking and selling with their own label. Even though
copra is sold at a very high price at the retail outlets, the farmers are not getting even half of
its profit share. This is a good avenue for the Farmer Producer Organizations in coconut
sector to become part of this sector and earn the best and maximum price for their produce
instead of being a mere producer of copra.
Desiccated coconut powder is another product found in most of the supermarkets and malls
in small packets. Coconut milk is also having a prominent position when compared with
other coconut products. Dabur’s coconut milk is available in almost all supermarkets. Some
36
of them are manufactured in Nepal and imported by Dabur India Ltd. It shows the high
demand of coconut milk in urban areas. The high income groups are using packed coconut
milk for preparing variety of dishes. Coconut milk based squash with the brand name of
‘Mapro’ was also found in many of the markets during the study. It is felt that production and
marketing of coconut milk is having tremendous scope in Andhra Pradesh.
Even coconut based confectionaries like biscuits and cookies have separate shelves in all
supermarkets. Britania, Nice time and Parle’s coconut are few of the coconut based biscuits
found in all shops and super markets.
Packed tender coconut water of M/s Push, Manjeshwar, Kerala have franchises in
Hyderabad and the company is distributing packed tender coconut water to Q mart,
Ratnadeep, Max hyper, Spencer’s and Heritage fresh. Tender coconut water of M/s Cocojel
North-East India - an emerging hub of value added coconut products
North-East India comprising of seven states-Assam,

Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura is gradually
becoming a potential market for value-added coconut products. Edible products like coconut
biscuits and cookies, coconut water, coconut cream, coconut milk powder, coconut oil etc.
are now available in the shelves of retail shops and shopping malls in the North East.
Bihu is the most important festival of Assam which is celebrated three times a year, during
April-May, January and October, followed by Durgapuja which is celebrated in October.
During these festivals, home-made coconut products locally called as pitha and laru are in
huge demand amongst Assamese and Bengalis staying in Assam. During these occasions,
these products are commercially available in bazaar, retail shops etc.
Out of non-edible items, it is an ancient tradition to use coconut hair oil amongst Assamese.
Other than hair oil, coconut based shampoo and soap are also available in the market and
are gaining importance.
The market potentiality of coconut products (edible & non-edible) needs detail survey in
North-East India and accordingly market strategy may be framed regarding market
promotion, logistics, backward and forward linkage etc.
Edible products like coconut biscuits, coconut milk, coconut milk powder, coconut cream,
coconut water, coconut pickle, coconut toast pitha, coconut pickle and coconut squash and
non-edible products like coconut shampoo, coconut hair oil and coconut soap are available
in various shops
in the North East.
Marketing strategies for coconut and its value added products in Odisha
The coconut is a benevolent tree, a nature’s gift to mankind, as it is a source of food,

beverage, oilseed, fibres, timber, health products and is an important source of earning
livelihood to the people. The total area under coconut in Odisha is 55297 hectares with a
total production of 2942 lakh nuts, thereby occupying the fifth position among Indian states
in area and production of coconut (2013- 14). The productivity of coconut in the state is 6080
37
nuts/hectare, which is low compared to coconut productivity of India. Of the 30 districts in
Odisha, about 60 per cent of the area and production of coconut comes from the undivided
coastal districts of Puri, Cuttack, Balasore, Nayagarh and Ganjam.
Marketing of any product is communicating the value of a product, service or brand to

customers, for the purpose of promoting or selling that product, service, or brand. The
activities relating to marketing or market promotion of coconut, copra and coconut oil alone
during the previous years has resulted in remarkable changes. So the scope of marketing
has been extended to cover a variety of coconut products.
As far as Odisha is concerned, value addition in coconut is confined to coconut oil. In the
state, coconut is mainly used for religious purposes and only a very small population is using
coconut oil for culinary purposes. But small scale units are emerging in the state for the
production of cookies and sweets from coconut.
A survey was conducted in majo supermarkets in Bhubaneswar, like Big Bazar, Reliance
fresh, Vishal for exploring the availability of various value added products of coconut. The
major products identified were packed coconut water, coconut biscuit and coconut oil,
coconut sweets, coconut milk powder, coconut milk, coconut cookies, coconut milk, enriched
coconut hair oil, nourishing hair oil, sugar sprinkled coconut biscuits, conditioner, body lotion
(coconut butter), ball copra, body lotion (coconut milk), shampoo etc.
2.4 Market Perception of Indonesian Copra, Coconut Products, and Charcoal in India
Copra shortage sometimes happened and it has forced coconut oil traders in India to look
for alternate sourcing options to meet the demand. Several traders including some corporate
companies engaged in branded coconut oil business are now looking at sourcing copra from
Indonesia, the Andamans and Lakshadweep. However, the quality of such copra is
paramount and traders are reportedly waiting for samples before proceeding with. the tight
supply of copra to higher demand for coconut bi-products such as coconut powder, virgin
coconut oil, desiccated coconut, etc.
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is growing in popularity as functional food and the public
awareness of it is increasing. It is expected that VCO will experience a dramatic growth in
the market. Study reveals that VCO also helps to improve blood glucose and lipid profile of
type 2 diabetics, due to its readiness to provide energy to body cells. Virgin Coconut Oil
(VCO) is achieved by using fresh coconut meat or what is called non-copra. Chemicals and
high heating are not used in further refining, since the natural, pure coconut oil is very stable
with a shelf life of several years. VCO is also used as massage oil and moisturizer. For
centuries traditional healers in India and the South Pacific have used coconut oil for
massage to soothe and cool the body. It is used to alleviate symptoms of eczema, and other
milder skin ailments, such as nappy rash. Because it is absorbed quickly by the skin, it does
not leave a sticky feeling. Over 70% of global coconut oil production comes from the
Philippines and Indonesia. Sahasra Beauty Bali Virgin Coconut Oil, sourced directly from
the exotic location of Bali, Indonesia, this coconut oil is made in small batches with no heat
to preserve its hydrating goodness. The cold-pressed oil is perfect for repairing dry,
damaged hair and for a full body massage at any time of day, covering you from head to
toe. this product is one of the massage oils products that are referenced by website Vogue
India. https://www.vogue.in/content/8-body-massage-oils-that-are-perfect-for-your-next-
selfcare-sunday
38
Picture 2 : Sahasra Beauty Bali Virgin Coconut Oil
KARA is a local Indonesian brand owned by Sambu Group. KARA has been collaborating
with local coconut farmers and using Indonesian coconut as the basic ingredients in creating
various processed coconut products. More than 90% of KARA’s coconut supply feed comes
from Indonesia’s coconut farmers, while Sambu Group’s coconut plantation as the owner of
KARA brand covers only less than 10% of the coconut supply needs. The coconut is a
versatile ingredient used in many recipes. Offering a healthier alternative, coconut culinary
products are sought after for their distinct taste and creamy texture. Kara have introduced
coconut cream to Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia since 1989 as a healthy, hygienic and
convenient solution for coconut products and into India Market as well. Kara coconut milk
and Kara Coco are available in India supermarket and online platform such as amazon.in,
flipkart, bigbasket, naturebasket. Customer reviews on Kara Coconut milk products looks
positive as good quality and useful product for preparing various dishes in India.
Picture 3 : Kara Coconut Products

Coconut shell charcoal is used by the industry as fuel. Coconut shell charcoal is a raw
material in making ‘activated carbon’, which has a huge industry in India The Philippines,
Indonesia and Sri Lanka were the major producers of coconut shell-based activated carbon
39
in the past. Coconut shell charcoal is also available in e-commerce platrom such as
tradeindia.com.
2.5 Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat, Weakness Copra, Coconut

Products, and Charcoal in India
Strengths of Indian coconut industry

• One of the leading producers of coconut in the world producing 13 billion nuts per
annum.
• Coconut area distributed in 18 states and three union territories under different
agroclimatic conditions.
• A large number of farmers’ cooperative societies in primary processing and
marketing.
• Government agencies such as Kerafed, State Trading Corporation, Kerala State
Marketing Federation and Karnataka State Marketing Federation in manufacturing
and marketing of branded coconut oil in small packs
• Hundreds of reputed and established private firms in manufacturing and marketing
of various coconut products including branded coconut oil in small packs.
• Wide range of coconut products, both edible and non-edible, available for export.
• Technical know-how and trained manpower for the manufacture of various coconut
based products.
• Availability of research support by reputed research organisations such as Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), The Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) dan The Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO)
Weakness
• Insufficient mill processing capacity

• Insufficient infrastructure for manufacture and transport
• Lack of finance availability for smallholders
Opportunities :
• Rising popularity of coconut products

• Improve quality and food safety to meet growing world quality standards
• Add value across entire product line to motivate replanting
• Coconut oil offers health benefits
• Organic certification
Threats
• Aging trees, declining supply
• Poor tree management promoting pests and disease
• Changes in government policy
• Rising quality standards of markets and competing countries
40
CHAPTER III
Products Requirements and Regulations & Policy

3.1 Product Regulations & Policy in India
The Importer -Exporter Code (IEC) is a key business identification number which is
mandatory for Exports or Imports. No person shall make any import or export except under
an IEC Number granted by The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) India. In case
of import or export of services or technology, the IEC shall be required only when the service
or technology provider is taking benefits under the Foreign Trade Policy or is dealing with
specified services or technologies.
The nature of the firm obtaining an IEC may be any of the follows- "Proprietorship,
Partnership, LLP, Limited Company, Trust, HUF and Society." Consequent upon
introduction of GST, IEC number is the same as the PAN of the firm. The IEC would be
separately issued by The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).
What is Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India?

GST is known as the Goods and Services Tax. It is an indirect tax which has replaced many
indirect taxes in India such as the excise duty, VAT, services tax, etc. The Goods and
Service Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017 and came into effect on
1st July 2017.
In other words, Goods and Service Tax (GST) is levied on the supply of goods and services.
Goods and Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based
tax that is levied on every value addition. GST is a single domestic indirect tax law for the
entire country.
Before the Goods and Services Tax could be introduced, the structure of indirect tax levy in
India was as follows:
Under the GST regime, the tax is levied at every point of sale. In the case of intra-state
sales, Central GST and State GST are charged. All the inter-state sales are chargeable to
the Integrated GST.
Multi-stage
An item goes through multiple change-of-hands along its supply chain: Starting from
manufacture until the final sale to the consumer.
Let us consider the following stages:
• Purchase of raw materials

• Production or manufacture
• Warehousing of finished goods
• Selling to wholesalers
• Sale of the product to the retailers
• Selling to the end consumers
41
What are the components of GST?
There are three taxes applicable under this system: CGST, SGST & IGST.
• CGST: It is the tax collected by the Central Government on an intra-state sale (e.g.,
a transaction happening within Maharashtra)
• SGST: It is the tax collected by the state government on an intra-state sale (e.g., a
transaction happening within Maharashtra)
• IGST: It is a tax collected by the Central Government for an inter-state sale (e.g.,
Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu)
In most cases, the tax structure under the new regime will be as follows:
Table 12 : Tax Structure
Transaction New Old Regime Revenue Distribution
Regime
Sale within CGST + VAT + Central Revenue will be shared equally

the State SGST Excise/Service tax between the Centre and the State
Sale to IGST Central Sales Tax + There will only be one type of tax
another Excise/Service Tax (central) in case of inter-state sales. The
State Centre will then share the IGST revenue
based on the destination of goods.
3.1.1 Import Policy and Regulations in India
Table 13 : Import Policy and Regulations HS Code 12030000

12030000 | Copra
Policy : Freely Importable
Indonesia(as of 31-12-2020 )
Most Favoured Nation Tariff 70
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Tariff No Preference
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Rules Of Not
Origin Applicable*
Source: Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India, Indian Trade Portal
Table 14 : Percentage Additional Taxes HS Code 12030000

Chapter Description of Goods CGST SGST / IGST Compensation
/ Rate (%) UTGST Rate Rate Cess
Heading (%) (%)
/ Sub-
heading
/ Tariff
item
1203 Copra 2.5 2.5 5
Source : Ministry of Finance – Department of Revenue, Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs Goods and
Services Tax
42
whether or not refined, but not chemically modified: Coconut (copra) oil and
its fractions: Other
Import allowed through STE except STC subject to para 2.20 of Foreign Trade
Policy Update as per Notification no 46/2015-20 date 21 Dec 2020
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Rules Not Applicable*
Of Origin
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) India amends import policy of Copra &
Coconut Oil
Import of Copra under HS Code 1203 00 00 is allowed through MMTC; while import of
Coconut oil- under HS codes 1513 11 00 (Crude) and 1513 19 00 (Others) is allowed through
STEs, except STC. Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Department of Commerce)
Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Notification No. 46/2015-2020 New Delhi, the 21st
December, 2020
Table 16 : Revised Import Policy of Copra & Coconut Oil
Exim Item Description Policy Existing Policy Revised Policy
Code Condition Conditions
1203 00 Copra State Import allowed Import allowed
00 Trading through STC subject through MMTC
Enterprise to Para 2.20 of subject to Para 2.20 of
Foreign Trade Foreign Trade Policy.
Policy.
1513 11 Coconut (copra) State Import allowed Import allowed
00 oil and its Trading through STE subject through STE, except
fractions : — Enterprise to Para 2.20 of STC, subject to Para
Crude oil Foreign Trade 2.20 of Foreign Trade
Policy Policy.
1513 19 Coconut (copra) State Import allowed Import allowed
00 oil and its Trading through STE subject through STE,except
fractions : — Enterprise to Para 2.20 of STC subject to Para
Foreign Trade 2.20 of Foreign Trade
Policy Policy.
Effect of this Notification: Import of Copra under HS Code 1203 00 00 is allowed

through MMTC; while import of Coconut oil- under HS codes 1513 11 00 (Crude) and 1513
19 00 (Others) is allowed through STEs, except STC.
Note : State Trading Corporation (STC), Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation
(MMTC)
43
whether or not refined, but not chemically modified: Palm kernel or babassu
oil and fractions thereof: Crude Oil: Palm kernel oil
Policy: Freely Importable

Of Origin
whether or not refined, but not chemically modified: Palm kernel or babassu
oil and fractions thereof: Other: Palm kernel oil and its fractions
Policy: Freely Importable
Of Origin

/ Rate UTGST Rate Cess
Heading (%) Rate (%)
/ Sub- (%)
heading
/ Tariff
item
1513 Coconut (copra), palm kernel or 2.5 2.5 5
babassu oil and fractions thereof,
whether or not refined, but not
chemically modified.
Source : Ministry of Finance – Department of Revenue, Central Board of Indirect Taxes
and Customs Goods and Services Tax
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08011100 | Coconuts, brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried, whether or
not shelled or peeled: Coconuts: Desiccated
Policy : Prohibited - Import CIF Value below Rs.150/kg is Prohibited
Restriction : However, import is free if CIF value is Rs. 150 and above per kg
Updated as per Notification 40/2015-20 dated 8 Jan 2020
Of Origin
Source: Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India,
Indian Trade Portal
Government of India, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Department of Commerce,

Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Notification No. 40/2015-2020-DGFT New Delhi,
Dated: 8th January, 2020
Subject: Amendment in import policy and incorporation of Policy condition under HS code
0801 11 00 of Chapter 8 of ITC (HS), 2017, Schedule — I (Import Policy).
S.O. (E): In exercise of powers conferred by Section 3 of FT (D&R) Act, 1992, read with
paragraph 1.02 and 2.01 of the Foreign Trade Policy, 2015-2020, as amended from time to
time, the Central Government hereby amends import policy of desiccated coconut under HS
code 0801 11 00 of Chapter 8 of ITC (HS), 2017, Schedule — I (Import Policy) and
incorporates policy condition as under:
Table 21 : Revised Import Policy 0801 11 00

Exim code Item Existing Revised Policy condition
description import import
policy policy
0801 11 00 Desiccated Free Prohibited However, import is
coconuts free if CIF value is
Rs. 150/- and above
per Kilogram
Effect of the Notification: Import of desiccated coconut with CIF value of Rs.150/-and above
per Kilogram is ‘Free’ and import below CIF value of Rs.150/- per Kilogram is ‘Prohibited’.
45
/ Sub- (%)
heading
/ Tariff
item
0801 Cashew nuts, whether or not 2.5 2.5 5
shelled or peeled, desiccated
coconuts
0801 Brazil nuts, dried, whether or not 6 6 12
shelled or peeled
0801 Coconuts, fresh or dried, whether 0 0 0
or not shelled or peeled
0801 Brazil nuts, fresh, whether or not 0 0 0
shelled or peeled
Services Tax
44029010 | Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not

agglomerated: Other: Of coconut shell
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Tariff 0
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Rules CTSH + 35%
Of Origin RVC
44029090 | Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not

agglomerated: Other: Other
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Tariff 0
ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement Preferential Rules CTSH + 35%
Of Origin RVC
46
Table 25 : Note – Role of Origin
Note - Rules of Origin

Wholly Obtained and Wholly obtained in a beneficiary country
Produced
CC Change in Chapter
CTH Change in Tariff Heading
CTSH Change in Tariff Sub Heading
RVC Regional Value Content

/ Sub- (%)
heading
/ Tariff
item
4402 Wood charcoal (including shell or nut 0 0 0
charcoal), whether or not
agglomerated
Services Tax
3.1.2 Labelling Regulations and Policy in India
As per Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011.
General Requirements
• Every pre-packaged food shall carry a label containing information as required here
under unless otherwise provided, namely.
• The particulars of declaration required under these Regulations to be specified on the
label shall be in English or Hindi in Devnagri script: Provided that nothing herein
contained shall prevent the use of any other language in addition to the language
required under this regulation.
• Pre-packaged food shall not be described or presented on any label or in any labelling
manner that is false, misleading or deceptive or is likely to create an erroneous
impression regarding its character in any respect;
• Label in pre-packaged foods shall be applied in such a manner that they will not
become separated from the container;
• Contents on the label shall be clear, prominent, indelible and readily legible by the
consumer under normal conditions of purchase and use;
• Where the container is covered by a wrapper, the wrapper shall carry the necessary
information or the label on the container shall be readily legible through the outer
wrapper and not obscured by it;
• Declaration regarding Veg or Non veg –
47
Every package of “Non Vegetarian” food shall bear a declaration to this effect made
by a symbol and colour code as stipulated below to indicate that the product is Non-
Vegetarian Food. The symbol shall consist of a brown colour filled circle having a
diameter not less than the minimum size specified inside a square with brown outline
having sides double the diameter of the circle as indicated below :
Where any article of food contains egg only as Non-Vegetarian ingredient, the
manufacturer, or packer or seller may give declaration to this effect in addition to the
said symbol.
(Every package of Vegetarian Food

shall bear a declaration to this effect by a symbol and colour code as stipulated
below for this purpose to indicate that the product is Vegetarian Food. The symbol
shall consist of a green colour filled circle, having a diameter not less than the
minimum size specified in the Table below, inside the square with green outline
having size double the diameter of the circle, as indicated below :
(iv) Size of the logo
Table 27 : Size of the Logo
Area of principal display panel Minimum size of diameters in

mm
Upto 100 cms. Square 3
Above 100 cms. square upto 500 cms square 4
Above 500 cms square upto 2500 cms square. 6
Above 2500 cms. Square 8
The symbol shall be prominently displayed
(i) on the package having contrast background on principal display panel;
(ii) just close in proximity to the name or brand name of the product;
(iii) on the labels, containers, pamphlets, leaflets, advertisements in any media;
Minimum labelling requirements for pre-packaged or pre-packed food:
• Food including multi-piece package

• Generic or common name of the food
• List of ingredients (not required in case of single-ingredient)
• Name and address of the manufacturer
• Name and address of the Indian Importer
• Net quantity/ Net content/ Net weight in terms of standard units of weights and
measures.
• LOT/ Code/ Batch Number
• Date of manufacture
• Best Before/expiry date/use by in date, month and year format
48
• Vegetarian/ Non-vegetarian declaration in green or brown logo
Labelling of Pre-packaged Foods
In addition to the General Labelling requirements specified in every package of food shall
carry the following information on the label, namely,—
1. The Name of Food: The name of the food shall include trade name or description of food
contained in the package.
2. List of Ingredients: Except for single ingredient foods, a list of ingredients shall be declared
on the label in the following manner:—
(a) The list of ingredients shall contain an appropriate title, such as the term “Ingredients”;
(b) The name of Ingredients used in the product shall be listed in descending order of their
composition by weight or volume, as the case may be, at the time of its manufacture;
(c) A specific name shall be used for ingredients in the list of Ingredients;
3.1.3 Packaging Regulations and Policy of Copra, Coconut Products and Copra in
India
General Requirements
1. A utensil or container made of the following materials or metals, when used in the
preparation, packaging and storing of food shall be deemed to render it unfit for human
consumption:
(a) containers which are rusty;

(b) enamelled containers which have become chipped and rusty;
(c) copper or brass containers which are not properly tinned
(d) containers made of aluminium not conforming in chemical composition to IS:20
specification for Cast Aluminium & Aluminium Alloy for utensils or IS:21 specification for
Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy for utensils.
2. Containers made of plastic materials should conform to the following Indian Standards
Specification, used as appliances or receptacles for packing or storing whether partly or
wholly, food articles namely :—
(i) IS : 10146 (Specification for Polyethylene in contact with foodstuffs);

(ii) IS : 10142 (Specification for Styrene Polymers in contact with foodstuffs);
(iii) IS : 10151 (Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), in contact with foodstuffs);
(iv) IS : 10910 (Specification for Polypropylene in contact with foodstuffs);
(v) IS : 11434 (Specification for Ionomer Resins in contact with foodstuffs);
(vi) IS: 11704 Specification for Ethylene Acrylic Acid (EAA) copolymer.
(vii) IS: 12252 - Specification for Poly alkylene terephthalates (PET).
(viii) IS: 12247 - Specification for Nylon 6 Polymer;
(ix) IS: 13601 - Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA);
49
(x) IS: 13576 - Ethylene Metha Acrylic Acid (EMAA);
(xi) Tin and plastic containers once used, shall not be re-used for packaging of edible oils
and fats;
Provided that utensils or containers made of copper though not properly tinned, may be
used for the preparation of sugar confectionery or essential oils and mere use of such
utensils or containers shall not be deemed to render sugar confectionery or essential oils
unfit for human consumption.
General packaging requirements for Canned products:
• All containers shall be securely packed and sealed.

• The exterior of the cans shall be free from major dents, rust, perforations and seam
distortions.
• Cans shall be free from leaks.
3.1.4 Product Distributions Regulations and Policy
• Identification of Cooperative Marketing Federations, National Agricultural Cooperative

Marketing Federation of India Ltd. (NAFED) retail chains, other marketing networks in the
area
• Vendor registration of processing unit/Consortium with established networks
• Utilisation of existing infrastructure Added advantage of established customer base
3.2 Marketing Regulations and Policy
Market segmentation
To implement marketing concepts and satisfy customer needs successfully, different

product offerings must be made to the diverse customer groups. The technique used by
marketers to get to grips with the diverse nature of markets is called market segmentation.
Market segmentation is defined as the identification of individuals or organisations with
similar characteristics that have significant implications for the determination of marketing
strategy.
Market segmentation involves the division of a diverse market into a number of smaller
submarkets that have common features. The objective is to identify groups of customers
with similar requirements so that they can be served effectively. It is near impossible to
create a marketing mix that satisfies every individual’s particular requirements exactly.
There are many reasons for companies to segment their markets. It allows companies the
opportunity to enhance their profits. Many customers are willing to pay a premium for
products that match their needs. Through segmenting markets, companies can examine
growth opportunities and expand their product lines. In many competitive markets,
companies are not able to compete across all segments effectively; by segmenting markets,
companies can identify which segments they might most effectively compete in and develop
strategies suited for that segment.
50
Once the market segments have been identified, the next important activity is the selection
of target markets. Target marketing refers to the choice of specific segments to serve and
is the key element in marketing strategy.
The aim of evaluating market segments is for a company to arrive at a choice of one or more
segments to concentrate on. There are four generic target marketing strategies from which
to choose: undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing, focused marketing and
customised marketing.
Undifferentiated Marketing
Market analysis will occasionally reveal no pronounced differences in customer

characteristics that have implications for a marketing strategy. Alternatively, the cost of
developing a separate marketing mix for different segments may outweigh the potential
gains of meeting customer needs more exactly. Under these circumstances a company
decide to develop a single marketing mix for the whole market. The absence of
segmentation is called undifferentiated marketing. Companies that lack a marketing
orientation may practice undifferentiated marketing through lack of customer knowledge.
Undifferentiated marketing is more convenient for managers since they have to develop only
a single product/marketing strategy. Sugar and salt are examples of products that can be
marketed effectively through an undifferentiated strategy.
Differentiated Marketing
Specific marketing mixes can be developed to appeal to all or some of the segments when
market segmentation reveals several potential targets. This is called differentiated
marketing. It is a popular market targeting strategy that can be found in sectors as diverse
as cars, hotels and fashion retailing. A differentiated marketing strategy exploits the
difference between marketing segments by designing a specific marketing mix for each
segment. A coconut producer company that produce neera might identify life stage based
market segmentation and produce flavoured neera for the kids and carbonated neera for
the youths and plain neera for the middle aged customers.
Customized Marketing
The requirements of individual customers in some markets are unique, and their purchasing
power sufficient to make viable the design of a discrete marketing mix for each customer.
Segmentation at this disaggregated levels leads to the use of customised marketing.
Positioning
Positioning can be defined as the act of designing the company’s offering so that it occupies
a meaningful and distinct position in the target customer’s mind. Positioning is essentially
that act of linking your product or service to the solutions that consumers seek and ensuring
that, when they think about those needs, your brand is one of the first that comes to mind.
Positioning is both important and difficult. It is important because today we live in an over
communicated society. Consumers are constantly exposed to thousands of marketing
messages per day. To cut through this clutter, a company needs messages that are simple,
direct and resonate with the customer’s needs. Failure to gain a position in the customer’s
mind significantly increases the likelihood of failure in the market place.
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Branding
Developing a brand is difficult, expensive and takes time. Brands enable companies to
differentiate their products from competitive offerings. The financial value of companies can
be greatly enhanced by the possession of strong brands. The concept of brand equity is
used to measure the strength of the brandin the market place and high brand equity
generates tangible value for the firm in terms of increased sales and profits. Strong brand
names can have positive effects on consumer perceptions and preferences. This in turn
leads to brand loyalty where satisfied customers continue to purchase a favoured brand.
The impact of strong, positive perceptions held by consumers about top brands means it is
difficult for new brands to compete. Even if the new brand performs well on blind tests, this
may be insufficient to knock the market leader off the top spot.
Strong market leading brands are rarely the cheapest. This is because their superior brand
equity means that consumers receive added value over their less powerful rivals. Strong
brands also achieve distribution more readily and are in a better position to resist retailer
demands.
Promotion of coconut and its value added products - Marketing Strategies
Market promotional activities comprises of gathering information and passing it to

consumers, farmers, traders, business organizations and other concerned agencies to
facilitate marketing functions. The tools used for market promotional activities are marketing
research, advertising and effective coordination between producers and consumers. Market
promotional activities play the supporting and strengthening role in marketing activities
which require professional and commercial skill.
A product basket can be made from coconut with an array of value added products. Some
of the products that can be made from coconut is detailed below. Coconut farmers of our
country through their farmer collectives need to venture into producing various products for
realizing a fair, reasonable and steady price for coconut.
The challenge
Developing a customer base is a major challenge in the marketing of coconut products.

However, it can be made easy by developing a proper distribution network, supply chains
and transportation hubs for simplifying the movement of products. Since coconut is mainly
cultivated in Southern states viz., Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and
nominally in coastal areas of Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal and
majority of the coconut processing units are situated in these states, the marketing of these
products need to be targeted in non-traditional areas.
The Approach
Awareness creation as well as campaigning for promotion of value added coconut products
is the need of the hour. This can be made possible through continuous
52
campaigning to inform, inspire and motivate consumers through various product promotional
campaigns. Prominent distributors and dealers need to be identified so that the
commercialized coconut products are always available in the market. The product
manufacturers have to ensure the uninterrupted supply of products. Product quality should
be to the satisfaction of consumer and the packaging shall be attractive so that the customer
will be impressed and will buy the product. Value Added Taxation or a unified taxation
system need to be followed and it shall be ensured that the tax-regimes same across the
country for coconut and its products. For creating more awareness on value added coconut
products it is felt necessary to participate in local fairs, festival melas, conducting
entrepreneurs and B2B for creating maximum outreach of products. Engaging reputed
management institutions for conducting market promotional activities for promoting coconut
products will also ensure a high
regime.
3.3 Method of Transactions
Once an importer is satisfied with the product sample and creditworthiness of the supplier
or exporter, the he can proceed to finalise the terms of the import contract. At this stage
importer need to draft the contract terms and conditions very carefully and comprehensively.
There should not be any ambiguity regarding the exact specifications of the goods and terms
of the purchase including import price, mode of payment, type of packaging, port of
shipment, delivery schedule, replacement of defective goods supplied, after sale
services/warranty coverage etc.
The different aspect of an import contract is enumerated as under some of which may be
relevant and other may not be:
Product Specifications: An importer should clearly mention every minute detail about the
product. This factor sometimes became quite important while importing a special order
product or item.
Product Standards: Importer should check whether the imported product meets the product
standards like ISO certification and Agmark Certifications.
Quantity: Before making an import order, an importer should evaluate the domestic market.
This will help the importer to judge the actual quantity of product to be imported.
Inspection: Importer should make clear weather the inspection of imported product will be
done by the importer side or exporter side or by a third party agency. In case of inspection
done by a third party, importer should also make clear that who will bear the inspection
charges.
Terms of Delivery: Delivery terms define the obligations and the responsibilities of the
buyer and seller during the delivery of goods. Importer should check all the terms of delivery
as mentioned in the Incoterms to avoid any feature doubts.
Terms of Payments: The method of payment is an essential part of an import contract. The
credit standing of the importer, previous history of payments, regulations on foreign
exchange and licenses in different countries, as well as vested business practices all have
an influence on selecting the method of payment.
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Import License and Import Permits: Importer should check whether the goods to be
imported need any license or not. Importer must also check whether the imported goods are
prohibited or restricted.
Duties and Charges: It is better for an importer to have knowledge of all duties and charges
imposed on the imported goods.
Periods of Delivery /Shipment: Importer must fix a particular date for the delivery of
product, which is also acceptable to the exporter exporting the goods. Importer should also
mention the charges that importer will imposed on the exporter in case of late delivery.
Packing, Labelling and Marketing: Proper packaging and labelling not only makes the
final product look attractive but also save a huge amount of money by saving the product
from wrong handling the export process. So, importer should mention his entire requirement
in detail and with preference on labelling of products.
Insurance: Importer can ask the exporter to insure the goods and bear the cost of import
insurance. Insurance can also be done from the importer side but it must be made clear on
the document.
There is no predefined definition of personal import. In general a personal import is a direct

purchase of foreign goods from overseas mail order companies, retailers, manufacturers or
by an individual for the purpose of personal use.
Type of Payment Transacts:
• Consignment Purchase
• Cash-in-Advance (Pre-Payment)
• Down Payment
• Open Account
• Documentary Collections
• Letters of Credit
Consignment Purchase
Consignment purchase terms can be the most beneficial method of payment for the
importer. In this method of purchase, importer makes the payment only once the goods or
imported items are sold to the end user. In case of no selling, the same item is returned to
the foreign supplier. Consignment purchase is considered the most risky and time taking
method of payment for the exporter.
Cash-in-Advance (Pre-Payment)
Cash in Advance is a pre-payment method in which, an importer the payment for the items
to be imported in advance prior to the shipment of goods. The importer must trust that the
supplier will ship the product on time and that the goods will be as advertised. Cash-in-
Advance method of payment creates a lot of risk factors for the importers. However, this
method of payment is inexpensive as it involves direct importer-exporter contact without
commercial bank involvement.
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In international trade, Cash in Advance methods of payment is usually done when-
• The Importer has not been long established.
• The Importer's credit status is doubtful or unsatisfactory.
• The country or political risks are very high in the importer’s country.
• The product is in heavy demand and the seller does not have to accommodate an
Importer's financing request in order to sell the merchandise.
Down Payment
In the method of down payment, an importer pays a fraction of the total amount of the items
to be imported in advance. The down payment methods have both advantages and
disadvantages. The advantage is that it induces the exporter or seller to begin performance
without the importer or buyer paying the full agreed price in advance and the disadvantage
is that there is a possibility the Seller or exporter may never deliver the goods even though
it has the Buyer's down payment.
Open Account
In case of an open account, an importer takes the delivery of good and ensures the supplier
to make the payment at some specific date in the future. Importer is also not required to
issue any negotiable instrument evidencing his legal commitment to pay at the appointed
time. This type of payment methods are mostly seen where when the importer/buyer has a
strong credit history and is well-known to the seller. Open Account method of payment offers
no protection in case of non-payment to the seller.
There are many merits and demerits of open account terms. Under an open account
payment method, title to the goods usually passes from the seller to the buyer prior to
payment and subjects the seller to risk of default by the Buyer. Furthermore, there may be
a time delay in payment, depending on how quickly documents are exchanged between
Seller and Buyer. While this payment term involves the fewest restrictions and the lowest
cost for the Buyer, it also presents the Seller with the highest degree of payment risk and is
employed only between a Buyer and a Seller who have a long-term relationship involving a
great level of mutual trust.
Documentary Collections
Documentary Collection is an important bank payment method under, which the sale
transaction is settled by the bank through an exchange of documents. In this process the
seller's instructs his bank to forwards documents related to the export of goods to the buyer's
bank with a request to present these documents to the buyer for payment, indicating when
and on what conditions these documents can be released to the buyer.
The buyer may obtain possession of goods and clear them through customs, if the buyer
has the shipping documents such as original bill of lading, certificate of origin, etc. However,
the documents are only given to the buyer after payment has been made ("Documents
against Payment") or payment undertaking has been given - the buyer has accepted a bill
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of exchange issued by the seller and payable at a certain date in the future (maturity date)
("Documents against Acceptance").
Documentary Collections make easy import-export operations within low cost. But it does
not provide same level of protection as the letter of credit as it does not involve any kind of
bank guarantee like letter of credit.
Letter of Credit
A letter of credit is the most well-known method of payment in international trade. Under an
import letter of credit, importer’s bank guarantees to the supplier that the bank will pay
mentioned amount in the agreement, once supplier or exporter meet the terms and
conditions of the letter of credit. In this method of payment, plays an intermediary role to
help complete the trade transaction. The bank deals only in documents and does not inspect
the goods themselves. Letters of Credit are issued subject to the Uniforms Customs &
Practice for Documentary Credits (UCPDC)(UCP). This set of rules is produced by the
International Chamber of Commerce and Industries (CII).
Documents Against Acceptance: Instructions given by an exporter to a bank that the
documents attached to the draft for collection are deliverable to the drawee only against his
or her acceptance of the draft.
3.4 Price Information
Coconut prices in India have been historically integrated with the coconut oil prices.
Therefore, indubitably, the coconut prices received by the farmers are integrated with the
Minimum Support Price (MSP) of copra. In general, the farmer prefers to sell fresh coconut
when the price of coconut is attractive, as he receives a remunerative sum as ready cash
and he can avoid processing and transportation charges. Contrary to this, if the copra and
oil prices are lucrative; farmer prefers to do at least primary level processing which would
augment farm level copra production. Therefore, the MSP for copra fixed at higher levels
would certainly influence and act as an incentive for the primary value addition in coconut.
Having said this, it should be mentioned that the copra procurement system in the country
has been functioning always at sub-optimal levels and never effective in lifting up the market
prices to an optimum levels. The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of
India Ltd. (NAFED) is the apex state machinery controlling the copra procurement. The
major issue faced by the NAFED in the event of huge procurement was, finding the
appropriate market avenue to push the product with a reasonable margin and lack of such
an avenue had resulted in market failures in the past.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) should be in such a way that it ensures an incentive for
processing to the coconut farmers when compared with that of selling fresh coconut. Other
pertinent factors in this context of discussion are lack of effectiveness and efficiency in copra
procurement by the agencies and inadequate infrastructural facilities for the storage of
copra. It is noteworthy that for the most part of the year, copra is traded below MSP. The
effectiveness and efficiency of price support mechanism can be enhanced only by means
of adequate quantity of procurement and by ensuring that the genuine farmers are benefitted
by the system of procurement. It is also important to design the procurement pattern in such
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a manner that adequate quantity is procured throughout the year, without any monthly
restrictions.
In a market economy, prices are determined by the basic forces of demand and supply. The
demand for copra is determined by the demand for one of its major end product viz coconut
oil. The price of coconut oil, in turn, is determined by its own market demand and supply and
the returns in one year influences supply of copra in the following year.
As coconut oil is the determining factor, an analysis of the availability (production + imports+
carryover stocks) and use (consumption and overall usage) gives a fairly good idea of the
demand-supply situation. A summary indicator, stock-to- use ratio, captures this scarcity or
abundance of coconut oil vis-à-vis its demand fairly well. This ratio is thus an important
parameter revealing market behaviour.
Coconut pricing
• The coconut based economy in the country is dependent on a single commodity i.e.,
coconut oil.
• The prices of coconut and copra are arrived at based on the ruling price of coconut
oil.
• The price of oil is subject to wide fluctuations depending on the demand and supply,
availability of substitute oils and fats etc.
• The Government of India fixes the support price for milling copra and ball copra to
avoid fall in prices.
• Seasonality is another factor which is strongly visible in the coconut market price. In
general, coconut prices remain low during the monsoon season and with the onset
of winter season the price starts picking up. Based on the monthly price, it can be
observed that the highest prices are recorded during November-December and
lowest prices during May-June.
Table 28 : Price Information

Commodity Min Price Max Price
Coconut Oil 18,000 Rs/Quintal 21,500 Rs/Quintal
Coconut 1,200 Rs/Quintal 18,000 Rs/Quintal
Desiccated Coconut 130 Rs/Kg 350 Rs/kg
Coconut Charcoal 16 Rs/Kg 60 Rs/Kg
Virgin Coconut Oil 150 Rs/Litre 435 Rs/Litre
Source : agmark.gov.in. & Indiamart.com. Note : Price as of 15 March 2021
3.5 Competitors
3.5.1 Competitors of Those Dedicated Products (Local and Foreign Products)
SPS Coconut Products

SPS Coconut Products is a renowned Manufactures and exporters of Dry Coconut, Edible
Copra, Coconut Flakes, Milling Copra, Dry Copra, Copra, Natural Coconut, Coconut Shell,
Coconut Shell Powder. Our company has an outstanding track record of Manufacturing and
exporting quality coconut products, which are naturally processed, rich in protein, nutritional
benefits and many others. The organizational success is the outcome of our extensive
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market research as well as in-depth knowledge about the respective domain that make us
well-versed with the needs of clients.
They specialize in researching, Manufacturing and delivering the commodity items as per
our customer needs. The company's approach is versatile and flexible, respectful of the
individual traditions of the people and companies of different cultures it trades with. The
company believes in establishing strong business relationships based on trust and
transparency to build trading activities aimed to benefit from the qualities of the genuine
markets in which it chooses to operate.
V V Industries
VV Industries is one of South Asia’s largest desiccated coconut powder manufacturers and
exporters. A brand name that is known for its quality products and huge quantities that we
produce & supply locally and internationally.
Their strong resource network, 15+ years of experience and constant technology up
gradations have helped us manufacture superior grade quality that is absolutely bacteria
free. The high quality grade powder we produce is far different from our competition from
Vietnam or Sri Lanka, yet cost effective meeting International Standards. We now export to
over 14 countries and are constantly on the expansion mode.
Their Registered Brand Name is "OM SAKTHI" has more than 100 satisfied customers
domestically in India. Our other product lines include Coconut Shell Powder, Virgin Coconut
Oil & Raw Cracked Coconut Shells.
Marico Ltd
Marico Ltd is one of India’s leading consumer goods companies operating in the health,
beauty and wellness space. With its headquarters in Mumbai, Marico is present in over 25
countries across emerging markets of Asia and Africa. It nurtures leading brands across
categories of hair care, skin care, edible oils, healthy foods, hygiene, male grooming, and
fabric care. In 2019-20, the company generated a turnover of INR 73.1 billion (USD 1.03
billion) through its products sold in India and chosen markets in Asia and Africa. Marico
touches the lives of 1 out of every 3 Indians, through its portfolio of brands such as
Parachute, Saffola, Saffola FITTIFY Gourmet, Coco Soul, Parachute Advansed, Hair &
Care, Nihar Naturals, Livon, Set Wet, Set Wet Studio X, Veggie Clean, Kaya Youth, Travel
Protect, House Protect, Mediker, Revive and Beardo. Marico has 8 factories in India located
at Pondicherry, Perundurai, Jalgaon, Guwahati, Baddi, Paonta Sahib and Sanand. The
international consumer products portfolio contributes to about 23% of the Group’s revenue,
with brands like Parachute, Saffola, Parachute Advansed, Mediker SafeLife, Just For Baby,
HairCode, Fiancée, Caivil, Hercules, Black Chic, Code 10, Ingwe, X-Men, Sedure, Thuan
Phat and Isoplus.
Picture 4 : Marico Ltd Products
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Essential care for your hair, Parachute Advansed Coconut Hair Oil makes your hair
nourished and stronger. It penetrates better (upto 90% penetration) into the hair shaft and
gives hair natural conditioning, extra nourishment and protection.
Picture 5 : Coco Soul Products
Coco Soul Virgin Coconut oil (VCNO) is 100% pure and natural with a rich nutrient profile.
It is specifically prepared from fresh raw coconuts through a meticulous No Heat Process; a
cold extraction technology, making it fit for raw consumption. VCNO is one of the richest
plant based sources of naturally occurring Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) that help in
weight management. VCNO is relevant in the post COVID scenario, since its regular intake
(direct consumption or with food) helps boost immunity. It is also recommended to consume
2 spoons of virgin coconut oil every day for a healthy and energetic start to the day.
Picture 6 : Nihar Product
The Nihar Naturals portfolio today offers quality solutions for the needs of the progressive
woman.Its portfolio includes Nihar Naturals Coconut Hair Oil and Nihar Naturals Shanti
Badam Amla Hair Oil.
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Flareon Briquettes
Flareon is part of Senthil Group of Companies which has interests in poultry, textiles, real
estate, finance and activated carbon. They are very conscious about our environmental
responsibility and ensure that we give back more than we take from nature. We are aware
of the environmental impact our businesses have in terms of consuming energy and we
continually strive to offset this impact. We have plantations of over 20 thousand trees of
various diverse species and we also have an installed capacity of 1MW of wind power.
Flareon briquette is yet another effort from them in making environmentally efficient
products. Our briquettes have revolutionized charcoal industry. We take pride in the fact that
our briquettes are replacing wood charcoal in many industries as it has tremendous
advantages over it in every area and it is even more cost effective than wood charcoal. It is
a small contribution from them in an effort to “save trees”.
Picture 7: Flareon Product
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VESP Energy
VESP Energy is the leading professional manufacturer and exporter of premium grade
coconut shell charcoal briquettes. We have always understood the basic requirement and
ensured quality products for our valuable customers. We not only value our products but
also inspect before shipment. This policy has helped us to develop and maintain a high
reputation amongst our clients. VESP Energy Infrastructure Very Spacious hassle free
infrastructure complimented by advance machinery helps us produce large quantity
products in minimum time frame. VESP Energy vision is to develop and create awareness
on alternative natural cooking fuel which is free from pollution and to conserve the existing
ecosystem.
Picture 8 : VESP Product
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Picture 9 : Palmo Products
Palmo is the brand of Shriram Coconut Products Limited (SCPL), one of the pioneers in the
commercial manufacture of processed coconut products including coconut milk powder,
desiccated coconut and virgin coconut oil. It was incorporated in 1994 and became the first
company to produce spray dried Coconut Milk Powder in India.
Palmo use ripe, hand-picked and tasty Indian coconuts for processing. The shells and
parings are removed and the white meat is sterilized, before manufacture. The entire
process is carried out in a state-of-the-art plant under strict hygienic conditions. Quality
control is adhered to at every stage of processing, commencing from the selection of nuts.
A series of physical, chemical and microbiological tests are carried out to meet international
quality standards. SCPL has set up a team of trained food technologists to ensure stringent
quality control and continuous upgradation of processing technology. To ensure consistency
and hygiene most of the processes are mechanized. All the process effluents are treated
efficiently in a modern treatment plant and the processing premises is an ode to our care for
the environment.
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Real Thai
Thaitan Foods International Co Ltd. initially intended to introduce and provide the
global consumers with Thai food, which is well prepared using varieties of healthy spices
and ingredients. With the aim of becoming a leader in food manufacturing and exporting
business, the company strategically began marketing and producing Thai ready to serve
products.
Now Real Thai products are one of the most active and innovative exporters in
Thailand who proudly present variety of Thai food under “ Real Thai” brand. This includes
Thai seasoning sauces, Thai paste, Thai ready to eat meal sets, Thai ready to cook meal
sets, and soon. According to our long term commitment and contribution, we aim to market
our authentic Thai food products worldwide. And, with its quality and convenience, we are
very confident with the globally positive response and are able to strongly establish an
excellent reputation and high standard of the “Real Thai” brand name.
Picture 10 : Real Thai Products
Real Thai product are available at online shop such as Amazon, Nature basket, Big Basket
and supermarket store in India.
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3.5.2 Strategy Made by Competitors to Market Indonesian Products in India
• Identification of product basket
• Selection of target Markets. Before making any decision, exporters need to

understand your target market, its potential, other businesses within the market, and
what the demand for your products is.
• Promotion of coconut and its value added products.
• Product development and product diversification in several coconut producing

countries is growing fast. As a result, there is an increase in demand for value added
coconut products in the international market. Accordingly there is need to embark
upon product diversification and by-product utilization through value addition.
• Marketing of coconuts differs from that of other fresh fruits due to its natural durability,
which is sold as fresh tender nut, mature nuts and dry nuts. Now a days coconut is
available in many value added forms that too in consumable packets. Marketing of
coconut products like any other horticultural products, has two aspects i.e. marketing
activities and market promotional activities. In marketing activities, sellers and buyers
have mutual coordination in each other’s activities, where goods and services from
producers move through certain channels by conscious application of marketing
tools. Market promotional activities comprises of gathering information and passing it
to consumers, farmers, traders, business organizations and other concerned
agencies to facilitate marketing functions. The tools used for market promotional
activities are marketing research, advertising and effective coordination between
producers and consumers. Market promotional activities play the supporting and
strengthening role in marketing activities which require professional and commercial
skill.
• Selection of target markets. Urban areas with population. Urban area has potential
due to growing urban population. Urban people experiment with new products. Ever
growing middle class and upper class sectors. Willing to pay premium price for quality
products. Established retails chains for increased market penetration.
• Strong brands also achieve distribution more readily.
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3.6 Other Important Information
The Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements) Rules, 2020
(CAROTAR, 2020), was notified on 21st August 2020 by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes
and Customs Government of India. It came into force from 21st September 2020. CAROTAR
2020 (“Rules”) aims to add to the existing operational certification procedures which are
prescribed under different trade agreements such as Free Trade Agreements (FTAs),
Preferential Trade Agreement, Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement and
Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.
Over the years in India, there has been a staggering reduction in the preferential duties
under FTAs and an increase in the preferential trade volumes. Frequent instances of misuse
by the fraudulent traders who have mis-declared the country of origin of imported goods to
avail undue duty concession has come to the Government’s notice.
Accordingly, to curb the misuse, Section 28DA of the Customs Act, 1962 was inserted by
clause 110 of the Finance Act, 2020. This section provides for due diligence on the part of
an importer to satisfy that the originating criteria’ requirements are met. The importer needs
to have sufficient origin related information on imported goods and submitting just the
Certificate of Origin is not enough.
The Central Government notified CAROTAR 2020 as required under Section 28DA of the
Customs Act through Notification No. 81/2020-Customs (N.T.) dated 21st August 2020. An
importer should do due diligence before importing the goods to ensure that they meet the
prescribed originating criteria. CAROTAR requires an importer to satisfy himself that the
importing goods meet the prescribed originating criteria and do basic due diligence before
importing them.
Key Features Of CAROTAR 2020
• The Rules define the extent of information which is to be possessed by the importer.
• An importer needs to keep the origin related information specific to every Bill of Entry
(B/E) for a minimum of 5 years. The five years period starts from the date of filing the
B/E.
• The Rules mandate the inclusion of specific origin related information in B/E.
• It provides for the scenario where verification can be initiated from the exporting
country.
• It sets the timeline for receipt of information from the verifying authorities, not provided
in Trade Agreements.
• It sets the timeline to finalise decisions based on the information received from the
importer or verifying authorities.
• It provides for the action that can be taken on the imported identical goods when the
goods do not meet the originating criteria.
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Rules Under CAROTAR 2020
CAROTAR 2020 is effective from 21st September 2020. The rules listed down in CAROTAR
2020 are as follows.
Rule 3 – Preferential tariff claim
The importer or his agent should make a declaration in the bill of entry that they qualify as
originating goods to claim the preferential rate of duty under the respective agreement when
filing a bill of entry. The importer also needs to produce the certificate of origin covering each
item claimed under the preferential duty rate.
The importer needs to enter the following details of the certificate of origin in the bill of entry
• Reference number of certificate of origin,

• Originating criteria,
• Date of issuance of the certificate of origin,
• Details if a third country issues the certificate of origin,
• Details if cumulation or accumulation are applied,
• Details of whether the goods are transported directly from the country of origin.
The claim of the preferential rate of duty can be denied without verification if the certificate
of origin is
• Incomplete and not in accordance as prescribed by the Rules of Origin,

• Has alteration which is not authenticated by the Issuing Authority,
• Is given after the expiry of its validity period, or
• Is issued for an item not eligible for preferential tariff treatment under the trade
agreement.
Rule 4 – Origin related information to be possessed by the importer
Any importer who wishes to claim preferential rate of duty should possess information as
indicated in Form I of the Rules and submit the same, when requested, to the proper officer.
Form I provides a list of basic minimum information that the importer should know while
claiming the preferential rate of duty for importing goods.
The importer should have all the supporting documents related to Form I for a minimum of
5 years from filing the bill of entry. He should exercise reasonable care for ensuring the
truthfulness and accuracy pertaining to the information and documents obtained by him
relating to Form I.
Rule 5 – Requisition of information from the importer
During the course of customs clearance, the proper officer may seek information and
documents from the importer in terms of Rule 4, if he has reason to believe that the origin
criteria prescribed in the respective Rules of Origin are not met. The importer needs to
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furnish information and documents to the proper officer on requisition within ten days from
the date of such request.
When the proper officer is satisfied that the respective Rules of Origin are met based on the
documents and information obtained from the importer, he shall inform the same in writing
within fifteen days to the importer. If the importer cannot provide the required information
and documents or it is found insufficient to conclude that the origin criteria are met, the
proper officer will forward a verification proposal to the nodal officer appointed in terms of
Rule 6.
Rule 6 – Verification request
All requests for verification under this rule are made through a nodal officer as designated
by the Board. The proper officer may request for verification of certificate of origin from the
Verification Authority when –
• There is a doubt regarding the authenticity or genuineness of the certificate of origin,

or
• There is reason to believe that the claim by the importer of the preferential rate of
duty is invalid, or
• The country of origin criterion provided in the certificate of origin is not met, or
• When verification is undertaken on a random basis to verify whether the goods meet
the origin criteria for the purpose of due diligence.
When the verification request is initiated during the customs clearance course, the
preferential tariff treatment of the imported goods may be suspended until the conclusion of
the verification. The proper officer will conclude the verification within forty-five days of the
receipt of the information requested.
The proper officer may deny the claim of the preferential rate of duty without further
verification. He can deny the claim when –
• Verification Authority does not respond to the verification request within the
prescribed time, or
• Verification Authority does not state the requested information in the manner
prescribed in the Rules of Origin, or
• The available information and documents provide sufficient evidence that the goods
imported do not meet the origin criteria which is prescribed in the respective Rules of
Origin.
Rule 7 – Identical goods
When it is determined that an importer’s goods do not meet the origin criteria as prescribed
in the Rules of Origin, the Commissioner of Customs or the Principal Commissioner of
Customs can reject claims of the preferential rate of duty for identical goods imported by the
importer from the same exporter or producer. The Commissioner of Customs or the Principal
Commissioner of Customs can reject claims for identical goods filed prior to or after the
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determination of rejected goods imported by the same exporter or producer without any
further verification.
When a claim is rejected on identical goods, the Principal Commissioner of Customs or the
Commissioner of Customs can restore the preferential tariff treatment on identical goods
with prospective effect. He can restore it if the exporter or producer modifies the
manufacturing or other origin related conditions to fulfil the origin requirements of the Rules
of Origin under the trade agreement.
The CAROTAR provides the minimum basic information that the importer needs to know
before importing goods. These rules help the importer to ascertain the country of origin,
assist Customs Authorities in the smooth clearance of import of goods under FTAs and claim
concessional duty. It strengthens the hands of the Customs for checking any misuse of the
duty concessions under FTAs.
Source : https://www.cbic.gov.in/resources//htdocs-cbec/customs/cs-act/formatted-
htmls/RevisedCus(AdminofRules)Rules2020.pdf
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CHAPTER IV
Conclusion, Recommendations, References
4.1 Conclusion
Coconut is a versatile crop grown all over the world. India, Philippines and Indonesia are the
major producers of coconut accounting. For three-fourth of the global coconut production.
India accounts for nearly 31% of global coconut output. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh are the leading producers of coconut in the country. Coconut, copra and
coconut oil markets are concentrated in these four southern states of India. The price of
coconut and coconut oil is influenced by many factors viz. production, global demand, policy
decisions of the government formulated from time to time, price of other vegetable oils etc.
The marketability and price realization of coconut and coconut products determine the
financial security of the coconut farmers. The price behaviour of coconut and its products
has a profound influence on the rural economy of many states of India.
The introduction of new products to the market place is the lifeblood of corporate success.
Changing customer tastes, technological advances and competitive pressure mean that
companies cannot afford to rely on past product successes. The degree of risk and reward
involved will vary according to the new product category. New-to-the- world products
normally carry the highest risk since it is often difficult to predict consumer reaction. Often,
market research will be unreliable in predicting demand as people do not early understand
the full benefits of the product until it is on the market and they get the chance to experience
them.
Marketing of coconuts differs from that of other fresh fruits due to its natural durability, which
is sold as fresh tender nut, mature nuts and dry nuts. Now a days coconut is available in
many value added forms that too in consumable packets. Marketing of coconut products like
any other horticultural products, has two aspects i.e. marketing activities and market
promotional activities. In marketing activities, sellers and buyers have mutual coordination
in each other’s activities, where goods and services from producers move through certain
channels by conscious application of marketing tools. Market promotional activities
comprises of gathering information and passing it to consumers, farmers, traders, business
organizations and other concerned agencies to facilitate marketing functions. The tools used
for market promotional activities are marketing research, advertising and effective
coordination between producers and consumers. Market promotional activities play the
supporting and strengthening role in marketing activities which require professional and
commercial skill. Coconut farmers of our country through their farmer collectives need to
venture into producing various products for realizing a fair, reasonable and steady price for
coconut.
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4.2 Recommendations
• The exporters should prepare an attractive company & product profile and website
for the products. This website will be visited by people from all over the world, and
the way exporters present it can increase the chances of doing business which more
attractive by upload an image with your company logo, complete the contact
information section, The verification of your company profile, Include links to the
website and social media pages, List all the goods and services your business offers.
Complete the business information section such as affiliations, certifications, main
clients and location of your office is complete. Create an attractive, concise, and
complete description that summarizes what your company have to brief such as
success stories, clients you have closed deals with, and factors you think will help
you attract more clients.
• The exporters required some market research data such as potential market,
competitors, potential commodities in the accredited country.
• In the very beginning before expand of any product the exporter has to think about
their target market. India’s middle and upper- middle income households in larger
cities are demanding quality across a wide range of products and services, especially
those that focus on health and wellness, as well as education. The rural consumer
market in India, comprising 700 million people, is largely underserviced at the
moment for health and wellness goods and services, education and other consumer
goods and services, leaving ample opportunity for growth.
• Product and service adaptations. The exporters may need to adapt your product
to meet Indian preferences or requirements. Adapting to local regulations, tastes and
cultural preferences vastly improves your chances of success.
• Contacting the Indonesian trade representatives in India, Indonesian Trade

Promotion Center (ITPC) Chennai & Trade Attache, Embassy of Indonesia, New
Delhi for consultations on Importer & distributor selection and marketing methods in
India and for promotion opportunity in various web and online portal and getting the
list of potential buyers.
•
• Participate in international trade shows, seminar and conferences related to the
Industry held both in India and or in the surrounding countries and as well as
participating exhibitions held in Indonesia by inviting buyers from India
• The exporters may request the company documents from potential buyers such as
Business Registration Certificate, GST Certificate, Import Export Code Certification
and reference contact person to validate the company with ITPC Assistance
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4.3 References
• ITC-HS Code, Tariff/Preferential Tariff/SPS-TBT/GST/Export-Import Policy

Condition (2021), Indian Trade Portal. Retrieved on Jan – March 2021 from
https://www.indiantradeportal.in
• Trade Statistic India (2021), Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and

Industry, Government of India, Retrieved on Jan 31 January 2021 from
https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/meidb/default.asp
• FSSAI (2021), Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food
Businesses) Regulation, 2011, Retrieved on 31 January 2021 from
https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Licensing_Regulations.pdf
• FSSAI (2021), Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulation,
2011, Retrieved on 31 January 2021 from
https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Packaging_Labelling_Regulations.p
df
• CBES (2021), GST Rates for Goods and services in India

Ministry of Finance – Department of Revenue, Central Board of Indirect Taxes and
Customs Goods and Services Tax. Retrieved on 31 January 2021 from
https://www.cbic.gov.in
• DGFT India (2021) Regulatory Updates, Notification

The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), Government of India Ministry of
Commerce and Industry. Retrieved on 1 February 2021 from
https://www.dgft.gov.in/CP/
• CBES (2021), Import Duty Calculator in India. Retrieved from on 31 January 2021
from
https://www.icegate.gov.in/Webappl/index.jsp
• CBD (2021), Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers

Welfare, Government of India. Retrieved on 1 March 2021 from
https://www.coconutboard.gov.in/index.aspx
• AGMARKNET (2021), The weekly price trend report for important markets in
respect of major agricultural commodities. Retrieved on 15 March 2021 from
https://agmarknet.gov.in/OtherPages/aboutus.aspx
71
APPENDIX A
List of Potential Buyers
Company Name : Ajmi Flour Mills (India) Pvt Ltd

Address : Ajmi Gardens, Kalathukadavu P.O., Erattupetta, Kottayam, Kerala-686
579, India
Website : https://www.ajmifoods.com
Product : Desiccated Coconut.
Company Name : SUNKRAFT AGRO LLP.

Address: 205 Silver Pearl, 213 Waterfield Road, Near China gate, Bandra West, Mumbai
400 050, Maharashtra, India Phone: +91-22-2640 7624/25/26
Contact Person : Ms. Beena Goradia (Head-International Business)
[email protected], +91 88792 22942
Website : https://www.sunkraftagro.com
Product : Virgin Coconut oil
Company Name : Natureway Agro Foods & Cosmetics

Address : No:4, D.I. Vedanayagam Road, Near Elims Nagar,Pappanchathiram Chennai -
600 123
Email : [email protected]
Website : http://naturewaymart.com/contact_us.html
Product : Virgin Coconut oil
Company Name : Sri Sellandiamman Oil Mill,

Company Address : D.No: 1/312, Kangayam Road, Amaravathipalayam, Muthur post,
Kangayam (TK), Tirupur District, Tamil Nadu, India- 638105, [email protected]
Website : https://www.srmcoconutoil.com
Product : Copra
Company Name : Vashini Exports

Company Address. : #B-303 Sriram Vijaya Hyyde park, Duraisamy layout, Peelamedu,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India- 641004
PH : +91 9842290222
Website : http://www.vashiniexports.com/index.php
Product : Copra
72
Company Name : M N Foods
Company Address. : 140, Gadodia Market, Khari Baoli, Chandni Chowk
Delhi - 110006, India
PH : +91 8048799438
Website : https://www.everpik.co.in
Product : Desiccated Coconut
Company Name : Kasturi Coconut Processing

Address : 673/50, Chowki Mutt Road, Keremegala Doddi, Lalagatha Post, Channapatna
TQ, Channapatna, Bangalore, Karnataka, India - 526160
Contact Person : Mr. Jithendra Kothari
Mobile : +91-9036186717
Email Address : [email protected]
Alternate Email ID : [email protected]
Website : https://www.kasturicoconutprocessing.com
Product : Dried Copra, VCO, Desiccated Coconut, Coir
Company Name : Lingappa And Company

Address : No. 24 A, 4th Cross, Behind Raitha Bhavan Apmc Yard, Mavinathopu, Tiptur -
572201, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
Phone : +91 8048717707
Website : https://www.lingappaandco.com
Product : Copra
Company Name : P.K.VADUVAMMAL

Address : 97, Rasappa Chetty Street, Park Town
Chennai - 600003, Tamil Nadu, India
Phone : +91 8045385124
Website : https://www.purecrop.in
Product : Husked Coconut, Dried Coconut, Copra, Raw Coconut
Company Name : KM Oil Industries Private Limited

Address : Meenapatty,Karuvanchal, Kannur Kerala 670571,India
Phone : +91 9495281399
Website : https://www.kmoil.in/#home
Product : Copra
73
Company Name : Mandhra Exports
Address : No.21/2A2B, Kasthuri Bhavanam, Amarjothi Nagar, S.I.H.S.Colony, Civil
Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore-641014, Tamilnadu, India
Phone : (+91)7449094499, D.Mayilvaganan
Website : www.mandhraexports.com
Email : [email protected], [email protected]
Company Name : V9D Enterprises

Address : G-71, Arora Shoppers Park, Shakti Khand-2, Indirapuram, Ghaziabad, Uttar
Pradesh - 201014, India
Contact Number : 91-9910002845, +91-9654000684
Address : [email protected]
Website : http://www.v9denterprises.com/
Product : Charcoal
Company Name: Sagar Charcoal And Firewood Depot

Address : No. 2-3-724/A/1/2, Zinda Tilismath Road,
Amberpet Hyderabad - 500013, Telangana, India
Website : https://www.sagarcharcoal.co.in
Phone : + 91 8048406247
Product : Charcoal
Company Name : Prakash Grinders

Address : Part Of 5-A, Industrial Area, Maxi Road Near Dainik Bhaskar Press, Ujjain,
Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, 456001
Phone : Mr. Gopal Khatri +919425915449, Mr. Shashi Khatri +919425332239, Mr.
Prakash Khatri +918871881566
Website : https://prakashgrinders.com
Product : Charcoal
74
APPENDIX B
List of Exhibition
Agri Intex
https://www.agriintex.codissia.com
AGRI INTEX wishes to introduce contemporary agriculture, horticulture, dairy farming and
food processing technologies along with their best practices. This can inevitably help
countless farmers and platform owners. CODISSIA is fully geared up to host the 20th edition
of India’s Prime Agricultural Trade Fair AGRI INTEX 2021 from July 11th to 14th 2021 at the
CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
AGRI INTEX is geared up to mark its 20th edition. In retrospect, successful 19 editions,
over 1 lakh business and industry visitors, more than 450 exhibitors, 970 booths, 300
product categories and trade turnover in excess of Rs.1,000 million in all its past editions.
AGRI INTEX has witnessed the overwhelming response from the industry and all trade.
Annapoorna - ANUFOOD India

https://www.anufoodindia.com
Annapoorna - ANUFOOD India will be held from 6-8 September 2021, Bombay Exhibition
Centre, Mumbai, India. The event is the most important B2B platform for food & beverage
trade and retail market in the Indian subcontinent. The show is jointly organized by
Koelnmesse YA Tradefair Pvt. Ltd. and Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and
Industry (FICCI).
ANUFOOD India the ideal platform for generating big business

• The most important food & beverage trade fair in India
• The ever-growing food import market by 24% annually
• Buyer Seller Meeting with leading importers
• Live cooking competition & Masterclass by Celebrity Chefs
• Retail Industry - CEO round table discussion by RAI
• International Pavilions from diverse countries
• Store check of Indian retail market
75
APPENDIX C
USEFULL INFORMATION
• Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

https://www.fssai.gov.in
• Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi.

https://www.dgft.gov.in/CP/
• Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) Government of India.

https://www.cbic.gov.in
• Goods and Services Tax, Government of India. https://www.gst.gov.in
• Indian Trade Portal, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Government of India. https://www.indiantradeportal.in
• The AGMARKNET. https://agmarknet.gov.in/OtherPages/aboutus.aspx
• Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,

Government of India.
https://www.coconutboard.gov.in/index.aspx
• The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority

(APEDA)
https://apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/
76
APPENDIX D
Association
Coconut Development Board

Coconut Development Board, Government of India,
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,
Address : P.B. No.1021, Kera Bhavan, SRV Road (Near SRV High School), Kochi – 682
011, Ernakulam District, Kerala State, India
Contact : + 91 484-2377737. Email : [email protected]
Coconut Development Board (CDB) is a statutory body established under the Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India for the integrated development of
coconut cultivation and industry in the country with focus on productivity increase and
product diversification.
The Board which came into existence on 12th January 1981, functions under the
administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of
India, with its Headquarters at Kochi in Kerala and Regional Offices at Bangalore in
Karnataka, Chennai in Tamil Nadu, Guwahati in Assam and Patna in Bihar. There are five
State Centres situated at Pitapally in Odissa, Kolkata in West Bengal, Thane in Maharashtra,
Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh and Port Blair in the Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar
Islands. The Board has 12 Demonstration cum Seed Production (DSP) Farms in different
locations of the country and now 10 farms are maintained. A Market Development cum
Information Centre has established in Delhi. The Board has set up a Technology
Development Centre at Vazhakulam near Aluva in Kerala and a Field office at
Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala.
77
APPENDIX E
List of Exporters
Company Address Company PIC Email Detail

Name Website Product
PT. Jl. Let. Jend. S. www.rodamas.co hadi.santoso@roda Coconut
Rodamas Parman Kav. 32- m mas.co.id Milk,
Inti 34 www.sasa.co.id Desiccated
Internation Coconut
al (RII)
Koperasi Gedung Pradja, http://www.kopwa icskoperasisrikandi Coconut
Wanita Jl.Magelang nsrikandi.com/ @yahoo.com, Sugar, VCO
Srikandi KM.1 Kelurahan, kopwansrikandi71@
Keseneng gmail.com
Kecamatan
Purworejo,
Center Java
CV Itrade Jl. Raya http://itrade- [email protected] Briquet
Internation Kalimanggis No. id.com Charcoal,
al 20 Kel. Jatikarya Charcoal,
Kec. Organic
Jatisampurna coconut
sugar, VCO
PT. Alfa Perum Palem asacipta.alfa@gmail Palm Sugar,
Asa Cipta Kencana Blok 1 .com Round
No. 146 Rt. 079 Coconut
Rw. 008, Talang
Kelapa, Alang-
Alang Lebar
PT SARI JL Waru http://www.sarima [email protected] Coconut oil
MAS Gunung 23 s.com m (RBD
PERMAI Surabaya - Coconut Oil,
Karang Pilang, Crude
Indonesia Coconut Oil,
CFAD, and
RBD
Hydrogenat
ed Coconut
Oil)
CV Tanaka Perum Puri http://www.konan cvtanakasolutionage Dessicated
Solution Sartika B75 ganexport.com/ nt79@gmail Coconut,
Agent Kelurahan Coconut
Sukorejo shell/charco
Kecamatan al, Semi
Gunung Pati Husked
Coconut,
78
Coconut Oil
( VCO
PT Indo Dharmahusada www.mothernatur silver@mothernatur Virgin

Sehat Indah Timur e.co.id e.co.id Coconut Oil,
Sentosa 1/17 Blok M - 40 Organic
Coconut
Sugar
CV Semoteng No Briquette
Kusuma 23A coconut
Bangkit charcoal
Jaya
PT. BUMI Babatan Mukti II www.elvatara- bumiindojayagemila COPRA,
INDOJAYA Blok N No.105, indo.com [email protected] COCONUT
GEMILANG Babatan Wiyung SUGAR,
VCO ETC
SAMARA SAMARA ariefbustaman@sfin Coconut
FARM BUILDING, Jl donesia.co.id sugar
INDONESI Rancabolang No
A 152 A-B
PT Jl.Haam [email protected] Coconut
BORNEO Rifaddin Grand o.id,
BERKAH taman sari Borneoberkahpersa
PERSADA residence [email protected]
cluster derawan
a4/3a
PT. Coco Jalan Gerilya http://www.cocos [email protected] Organic
Sugar Timur 289B, ugar.com/ m Coconut
Indonesia Purwokerto, Sugar
Jawa Tengah
PT. Sennit AKR Tower 16th http://www.cocoindo Coconut
Global Floor Unit A, nesia.com/ Charcoal
Indonesia Kebun Jeruk
PT Cemara Ruko Golden budimans.css@gma Coconut
Solusi Madrid Blok D il.com Shell
Sukses No 26 Jl Letnan Charcoal
Sutopo BSD Briquet
Sektor XIV
PT. Tarumanegara https://www.wiba marketing@wibawa Coconut
Wibawa St, Perum Grand waagro.com/ agro.com Product
Agro Taruma, Ruko
Indonesia Dharmawangsa
II/B/33
Java Sugar PR Bancar https://javasugari javasugarid@gmail. coconut and
ID Residence Blok d.com com arenga
F1, Tampingan sugar
Boja Kabupaten
Kendal
79
Java Indo Ds.Dayakan,Rt- [email protected] Coconut
Farms 5,Rw-2,Desa m Nextar
Purwomartani,K
ec Kalasan,Kab
Sleman
Arunika Belleza BSA 1st http://arunikatulist zfahmi@arunikatulis
Coconut
Floor SA1-06 iwa.com/ tiwa.com Shell
Charcoal
Briquette
CV Indo Jl. Mandiri VI, http://www.premi info@premiumbriqu Coconut
Coco Jimbaran umbriquette.com/ ette.com Shell
Nucifera Briquette,
(premiumb Wood &
riquette) Coconut
Charcoal,
Virgin
Coconut Oil,
CFAD,
CCNO &
RBDCNO
CV Artha Garuda [email protected] Desicated
Sukses Regency Blok A Coconut,
Berkah No. 02 Giri Copra,
Manfaat Banyuwangi
PT PIDO Jl Garuda No 36 wwww.pidofood.c [email protected] Palm Sugar,
RT RW 04 om m Liquid Palm
Sugar,
Molded
Palm Sugar,
Coconut
Sugar,
White
Sugar,
Spice
Sugar,
Flavored
Sugar,
CV Tata Jl TWK Abdul www.tataniaga.on Virgin
Niaga Aziz No 32 Kel line Coconut Oil
Lestari Merduati,
Kecamatan Kuta
Raja Banda
Aceh
Nusantara Klaten, Central nusantara.nine@gm Coconut
Sembilan Java ail.com shell
charcoal
Makmur Jalan Water liusprananta@gmail. Wood &
Bara Park Boulevard com Charcoal
Utama Product
80
WP 3 No. 53,
Sambikerep
PT Helix Jl Pandanwangi https://www.maca helixmesindo@gmai Charcoal

Mesindo Raya ncharcoal.com/co l.com and
Internation ntact charcoal
al products,
PT. Sennit AKR Tower 16th http://www.cocoindo Coconut
Global Floor Unit A, nesia.com/ Charcoal
Indonesia Kebun Jeruk
PT Cemara Ruko Golden budimans.css@gma Coconut
Solusi Madrid Blok D il.com Shell
Sukses No 26 Jl Letnan Charcoal
Sutopo BSD Briquet
Sektor XIV
Terra Jl Agung Niaga http://terracharco herrysukandar39@g Charcoal
Charcoal 4 Blok G4 No. al.com/ mail.com
Indonesia 39
Arunika Belleza BSA 1st http://arunikatulist zfahmi@arunikatulis Coconut
Floor SA1-06 iwa.com/ tiwa.com Shell
Charcoal
Briquette
CV Indo Jl. Mandiri VI, http://www.premi info@premiumbriqu Coconut
Coco Jimbaran umbriquette.com/ ette.com Shell
Nucifera Briquette,
(premiumb Wood &
riquette) Coconut
Charcoal,
Virgin
Coconut Oil,
CFAD,
CCNO &
RBDCNO
Nusantara Klaten, Central nusantara.nine@gm Coconut
Sembilan Java ail.com shell
charcoal
81
APPENDIX F
Contact Information
Indian Embassy in Indonesia

JL HR Rasuna Said, Kav S-1 Kuningan, Jakarta Selatan, 12950, Indonesia Tel: +62-21-
5204150 / 52 / 57 / 5264931
Fax : +62-21- 5204160, 5265622, 5264932, 5226833
Website:www.indianembassyjakarta.gov.in
Consulate General of India in Bali

Jl. Raya Puputan No.163, Renon, Kec. Denpasar Sel., Kota Denpasar, Bali 80235 Tel :
(0361) 259502
Website: www.cgibali.gov.in
Consulate General of India in Medan

JL Uskup Agung A Sugiopranoto 19, Medan, 20152, Petisah Hulu, Medan Baru, Medan
City, North Sumatra 20152
Tel : (061) 4556452
Website: www.cgimedan.gov.in
India Indonesia Chamber of Commerce (IndCham)

Office 4, Ground Floor, Simprug Indah
Jl. Teuku Nyak Arif, Kebayoran Lama Jakarta 12220 – Indonesia Phone : +62 21
29329841/42 Fax : +62 21 29329843
Contact Person : Ms. Widorna Pigriyosa
Website : www.indcham.or.id
Embassy of Indonesia, New Delhi

50-A Kautilya Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021 Tel: +91-11- 26118642-46
Email: [email protected]
Fax: +91-11-26874402, 26886763
Website: https://kemlu.go.id/newdelhi/en
Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia in Mumbai, Republic of India

19 Altamount Rd. Cumballa Hill Mumbai 400026 INDIA Tel: +91 22 2351 1678/2353 0900/
2353 0940
Fax: +91 22 2351 0941/ 2351 5862
Website: http://www.kjrimumbai.net/
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Chennai

3rd Floor, Ispahani Center, 123/124, Nungambakkam High Road, Chennai 600034 – India
Tel: (+91) 44-4208 9196;Fax: (+91) 44-4208 9197
Website: www.itpcchennai.com
82

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Copra, Coconut Products, Charcoal Market

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Table 1. Wholesale Price India (WPI) India 2020 6

Picture 1. Activated Carbon 28

1.2 Methodology and Source of Data

Sector specific details and relevant information

1.3 Product Description and Scope of Report

1.3.2 Product Market and Market Size

Activated charcoal acts as a detoxifying agent in the healthcare and pharmaceutical

1513 Coconut (Copra), Palm Kernel Or Babassu Oil And Fractions

151329 Refined Palm Kernel/Babasu Oil And Its Fractions

Coconut Products Value added from coconut

4402 Wood Charcoal (Including Shell Or Nut Charcoal), Whether Or

44029090 Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not

Table 1 : Wholesale Price India (WPI) India 2020

Import and Export

What India export?

India’s Top 25 Export Destinations

1. USA 11. Malaysia 21. Indonesia

India’s Top 25 Imports Sources

Transportation: Land, Air and Water

4. Port Blair Port

10. Vizag Port

Table 3 : India Import from world (last 5 Years)

HS Description 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth

1.4.2 India Import from other Indonesia (Last 5 years)

Table 4 : India Import from Indonesia (last 5 Years)

1.4.3 India Import from other countries (Last 5 Year)

World 0 1.62 14.32 10.37 11.63 100.00 100.00 0.00

1 INDONESIA 0 1.62 14.32 10.36 11.52 99.90 99.05 -0.85

2 PHILIPPINES 0 0 0 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.60 524.16

3 SINGAPORE 0 0 0 0 0.02 - 0.17 -

World 5.08 3.5 2.76 4.42 7.13 100.00 100.00 0.00

Rank Country 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %Growth

Types of Coconut Copra

Copra as Animal Food

The following are just some of the common uses of copra:

The major players in India Coconut Copra market include:

Coconut Products Market By Type

Tender coconut water is a natural source of electrolytes, minerals, vitamins, complex

Numerous medicinal properties of tender coconut water reported are:-

1. Good for feeding infants suffering from intestinal disturbances.

3. Virgin coconut oil is a major source of Lauric Acid and Vitamin E.

11. It even eases muscular pain.

15. It also helps in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.

Desiccated coconut (DC)

The manufacturing process involves selection of matured, seasoned, ungerminated,

Desiccated coconut is sold in cases of 25 kg and 15 kg either loose or in 1 kg consumer

The major players Desiccated Coconut in India market include

The major players Desiccated Coconut in India market include

Coconut Products Market Segments By Application Cosmetics

Virgin coconut oil

The major players Virgin Coconut Oil in India market include:

Some types of charcoal are:

Natural Lump / Natural Wood Charcoal

Lump Charcoal vs. Briquettes

Hexagonal Charcoal Briquette Dominated Market, under Type Segment

The hexagonal category accounted for the largest share in the