Teaching Analytical Sciences

In partnership with Shimadzu

 Uses of Chromatography in Everyday Life 4

Analytical Teaching Lab Instrument Portfolio 7

i-Series HPLC System 8

GC-2010 Pro Academic Teaching Lab System 9

GCMS-QP2010 SE System 10

UV-1900i UV-Vis Spectrophotometer 11

IRSpirit - FTIR Spectrophotometer 12

Engineering Solutions 14

e-Learning Resources 17

Maintenance, Service and On-going Support 18

Additional Value Offerings 19

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Pharmaceuticals

Shimadzu’s Commitment
to Furthering Education

The corporate philosophy of the Shimadzu Group, to

Medical Care
‘Contribute to Society Through Science And Technology’,
underpins our efforts and determination to raise the
level of quality and understanding in Practical Analytical
Chemistry in schools, colleges and universities across the
United Kingdom.

As a top-tier sponsor of the Royal Society of Chemistry’s CAMS

(Community for Analytical Measurement Science), our continuous
Chemicals commitment to furthering education in analytical sciences field is
clearly demonstrated.

Technological shifts in scientific analysis have seen the use of analytical

instrumentation increasingly employed for measurement and testing
purposes. This increase has coincided, with the use of analytical
instrumentations broadening use within commercial fields including
industry and research.

Improving the quality and skills of tomorrow’s Analytical Scientists will

enhance the efficiency and productivity of commercial laboratories
Foods Safety and further the boundaries in research, in less time. We will work
with you to spark interest and inspiration in students, with exciting
instrumentation and interesting, relevant experimental challenges.

Our team of industry experts and skilled application scientists with over
100 years combined experience are ready to work with you, tailored to
your requirements and aspirations.

Environmental

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 Uses of Chromatography in Everyday Life

Chromatography may not be the most well know scientific field but is steeped in history. Decades
of scientific advances led us to today’s uses of chromatography. Uses that include industry sectors
such as forensic science, pharmaceutical, chemical, food and healthcare. Chromatography allows all
these industries and more to separate each component within a mixture to accurately identify and
quantitate the amounts within varying types of samples.

Let’s have a closer look at few sectors:

Forensic testing
Crime dramas such as CSI have brought criminal investigations to mainstream television. You may have heard of
Major Mass Spec in NCIS; this Shimadzu gas chromatography mass spectrometer is not only used on this drama
series but also in reality. Crime scene samples can all be processed for various compounds, including analysis of
chemicals within arson cases, soil analysis from shoes or carpet, or identification of unknown particles found
on clothing. These tests can also be used during post mortems to determine conditions such as heart attacks or
perhaps drug overdose that may have caused death.

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Biological sample analysis
Due to the precision with which chromatography can identify substances
in blood and urine, it is widely used not only within hospitals, but also by
the police and authorities such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
No matter if you are having a routine blood test for health reasons, being
investigated for taking illegal drugs or an athlete being checked for banned
substances, the same chromatography principles are utilised.

Food analysis
Have you ever wondered how manufacturers maintain the quality and
consistency of their products? Continuous monitoring of levels of sugar going
into final products or alcohol content in spirits are basic chromatography
tests. Chromatography can even determine how “bitter” your beer will taste.
However, it can also detect the substances that should not be there! News
stories have reported the scandal where horse meat replaced beef in processed
foods, high heavy metal levels in rice and melamine, a carcinogen within baby
milk formula in China. It can also show you what colourants are used in your
food and drink – even blue smarties!

Household products
Have you ever picked up a face cream, shampoo or kitchen cleaner and read
the ingredients? All these ingredients are individually tested for a variety of
reasons. This also includes products we store in sheds and garages. Pesticides,
herbicides and insecticides are all tested for their environmental impact and
efficacy of their active ingredient, to ensure that product simply does the job
effectively and is not dangerous to us or the environment.

Pharmaceutical
2020 saw the start of a worldwide pandemic and development of new
vaccinations. Chromatography was used to not only analyse COVID-19
detection test components, but also run vigorous testing on vaccinations. As
well as the vaccines, there were many other medications tested in hope to
reduce symptoms. Chromatography has led the way in testing and developing
new drugs and vaccinations for decades. Who knows what chromatography
will help discover next?

We have seen that chromatography is used across a wide variety of compound

types and industries. Teaching the fundamentals of chromatography can open
avenues across multiple sectors and product types. Who knows what the next
generation of scientist will discover?

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6
Analytical Teaching Lab
Instrument Portfolio

Liquid Chromatography

Gas Chromatography

Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry

UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

FTIR - Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer

Engineering Lab Instrumentation

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 i-Series HPLC System

Liquid Chromatography is the Gold Standard for the Pharmaceutical

Industry. The i-Series is a COMPACT, ROBUST, and RELIABLE Liquid
Chromatography Analyser commonly employed in QA/QC laboratories
globally. Ideal for teaching and research where the versatility to handle
a broad range of compounds is required. Easy to use common software
platform.

• Easy to use
• Modern touchpad visual display
• High sample capacity
• Common software platform

Laboratory experiments
mAU
500 Cannabinoid testing
400 CBDA CBGA

300 CBDV CBG

CBN
Cannabinoid plant extracts, such as CBD, have gained significant media
CBD
200

100
THCV

∆9-THC ∆8-THC
interest in recent years. There are many variants of cannabinoids with similar
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 min
structures, making them difficult to analyse. However, modern analytical
techniques can differentiate these compounds and identify each moiety.
Using this package students can analyse various samples, similar to the U.K.
Food Standards Agency (FSA), to confirm the stated concentration as well as
check for the legality of the samples.

mAU
300
Paracetamol
Pharmaceutical drug testing
200 Caffeine

100
Acetylsalicylic acid The pharmaceutical industry has to ensure that their drugs, vaccines, and
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 min ointments have not only the correct active ingredients but also at the correct
dosage level. HPLC is “the gold standard” for analysing the concentration of
the active compounds within the pharmaceutical industry. In this package,
students will learn to interpret and draw conclusions from chromatograms
from standards and over-the-counter drugs, such as aspirin, paracetamol or
caffeine. Utilising calibration curves to cover a wide range of concentrations
students can answer the questions of: Which compounds are present and
quantify how much? Do the amounts match the stated concentrations?

Consumer drinks analysis

mAU
300 Sorbate
Standard
Caffeine
200
Benzoate

The food and beverage industry uses chromatography testing to ensure

100

products are safe for the consumer. Typical tests within the beverage
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 min
mAU
300
Energy Drink
200
industry are sugar or caffeine analysis. These simple tests on widely available
100

0
products show students both sample pre-treatment and testing for common
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 min

ingredients. Students will learn to identify peaks using retention times of

standards, in addition to using library compounds. It is also commonplace to
utilise this technique to analyse colourants in drinks, what exactly does give
Irn Bru its distinct colouring?

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GC-2010 Pro Academic Teaching Lab System

The GC-2010 Pro has been designed with academic and teaching
facilities in mind. The new GC system comes fitted with a host of
features geared towards ease of use, flexibility, and long-term
robustness. These include:

• Easy maintenance: Toolless septum, liner exchange

• Upgrade to toolless column exchange using Click Tek
• Gas saver functions to reduce consumption
• Fast oven heating and cooling to reduce analysis time
• Flexibility to allow installation of up to 4 injectors and 4 detectors
• Wide range of sensitive detectors available
• Compatible with the complete range of Shimadzu sample
introductory autosamplers

Laboratory experiments

Analysis of commercial hand sanitizer

Application allows students to analyse commercially available hand sanitizers,
looking at the different base alcohol products used (IPA or EtOH). GC-FID method
can be further developed to analyse for impurities and test to see if products
comply with government guidelines as stipulated in EN 12791. Exercise teaches
basic GC method setup and quantification results.

Engine oil/fuel analysis

Application requires students to analyse various petroleum and diesel products.
Analysis by GC-FID. The focus is on data interpretation, identifying different
hydrocarbon bands based on retention time and drawing conclusions on the
different types of fuel being assessed.

Solvent impurities
Application involves the analysis of various laboratory solvent mixes, and
comparison to commercially available spirits from hardware stores. Analysts learns
to separate solvents on different phase columns and develop knowledge on
boiling point versus polarity separation. Exercise teaches method setup and basic
GC maintenance.

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 GCMS-QP2010 SE System

The GCMS-QP2010 SE has been designed to combine simple operation

and versatile functionality in a cost-effective GCMS option – perfect
for academic and teaching facilities. Benefits of the GCMS-QP2010 SE
include:

• High sensitivity for ppm level analysis

• Gas saver and ecology shutdown functions to reduce gas and
energy consumption
• Easy and fast injection port maintenance using the Easy sTop
feature
• Easily maintained ion source
• Automated tune procedure, providing a “Pass” or “Fail” statement
to demonstrate the system suitability
• Ability to perform simultaneous SIM and Scan analysis
• Flexibility to allow installation of up to 4 injectors and 4 analogue
detectors alongside the MS
• Compatible with a wide range of sample introduction autosamplers

Laboratory experiments

Fragrance analysis
Application on GCMS looking at the various fragrance chemicals used in perfumes
and personal care products. Analysis focuses on organic aromatic compounds,
and the various “smells” they contribute to commercial products. Exercise teaches
library searching and spectral breakdown in basic Mass Spectrometry.

Caffeine detection
Exercise focuses on human testing for drugs, but using a legal and easily available
component. Caffeine analysis in urine (or synthetic serum). Exercise uses GCMS to
identify caffeine in a difficult matrix and the preparation of analytical standards to
provide accurate quantification in a human sample.

Solvent analysis by GCMS

This application builds on the solvent impurities application available for GC-FID.
Having now identified the best separation using GC-FID, the students can switch
their sample over to GCMS to confirm the correct identification of all impurities.
Exercise teaches compound identification without the reliance of automated
library searching, instead focussing on m/z ratios of particular function groups and
fragments.

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UV-1900i UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

Very fast scanning, true double beam dual detector, touchpad

interface, full research grade performance in a compact affordable
design. Easy to use common software platform.

• 6 measurement modes – choose between: Spectrum, Quantitation,

Kinetics, Photometric, Time Course and Bio Method
• Dual beam optic system including patented low-ray-light diffraction
grating
• Lowest stray light for extended linearity range (up to 4 Abs.)
• High resolution of 1 nm
• Ultra-fast scan function: 29,000 nm/min
• Integrated instrument validation functions

Laboratory experiments

Analysis of soft and alcoholic drinks for caffeine content

Following a solvent extraction of caffeine from various sources, the samples
are measured in the UV-1900i against a calibration curve created from a set of
weight/volume standards using the ‘Concentration’ software module within the
instrument software or Labsolutions UV software.

The experiment requires accuracy in creating the standards and precision when
making the extractions and will show the relative caffeine content of beverages.

Analysis of proteins by dye-reaction method

Protein is present in many food products and it can be quantitated in an aqueous
extract. Materials like egg-white and milk can be used as sources. Following
extraction in buffer, the protein can be reacted with a commercial product such as
the Coomasie-blue based Bradford Assay, (the dye develops to a bright blue with
maximum absorbance at approx. 595 nm in the presence of protein) which can
then be measured directly against a calibration curve in the spectrophotometer.
Other sources such as homogenised meat and vegetable products, filtered, can
also be measured.

Determination of DNA in extracts

DNA can be recovered from a wide variety of sources and can be measured directly
in a UV spectrophotometer. The very high absorbance of DNA (from lysed bacterial
cultures, saliva, etc) allows direct determination at low concentrations at the
absorbance maximum of 260 nm. Measurements are usually made at 260, (DNA
peak Absorbance) 280 (protein peak absorbance for contaminating protein), and
320nm which should be a baseline position for both biomolecules, though with
the high-speed scanning UV-1900i measurements can be made in scanning mode
with a digital selection of 260nm, 280nm and 320nm in the software.

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 IRSpirit - FTIR Spectrophotometer

Powerful, space-efficient design with unmatched functionality –

for stable, reliable performance. Easy to use Windows 10 common
software platform.

• Easy and quick analysis

• Large choice of accessories
• High sensitivity: S/N ratio up to 30000:1 (KBr)
• Easy macro function for routine analysis
• Space-efficient with high expandability
• IRPilot program
- 23 pre-set application programs
- Analysis of multiple samples with only one click

Laboratory experiments

Alcohol and base emulsifier/conditioner

in commercial hand sanitisers
This experiment shows the power of FTIR analysis by testing both the alcohol
content and the emulsifier base of commercial hand sanitisers. A sample is
directly applied to the FTIR ATR crystal and scans made at fixed time intervals. The
experiment can be sped up by using a hand-held hairdryer or similar to encourage
the evaporation of both the ethanol and water from the sample. The initial
scans will show the alcohol content, which should be greater than 70% of the
formulation, whilst evaporation to dryness will allow a scan of the emulsifier or
skin conditioner left behind, and this can be identified from the spectrum library
match.

Identification of microplastics
Plastics should be collected from the environment. The plastics can be large
samples or very small amounts recovered from soil or (for instance) the fluff from
tumble-drier filters. These should be separated by visually identified type and
then transferred to the ATR crystal. Even tiny flakes of plastics which are more
than approx. 100-micron microspheres can be placed individually on the ATR, the
spectrum determined, and then the plastic identified by comparison to the library
files, or from first principles by establishing the bonds present.

Identification of environmental plastics

The challenge of identifying plastics recovered from the environment can be
illustrated so that the challenge of automated sorting in waste recovery systems
can be understood. Students should collect small fragments of plastic from
everyday locations, their own gardens, or from the grounds of the institute. These
can then be directly measured using the FTIR-ATR before and after the samples are
cleaned with a mild acid, mild alkali, and mechanical cleaning. The results of each
approach can be compared. This experiment also gives an opportunity to discuss
the ‘working depth’ of the ATR approach to Infrared spectroscopy and the physical
principles behind total internal reflectance measurement and the nature of the
photon.

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13
 Engineering Solutions

Shimadzu offers a range of materials testing instrumentation to suit academic requirements. The EZ
Test is a compact solution for performing a wide variety of tests up to a maximum of 5kN, while the
AGS-X table top universal testing machines series offers practical testing solutions for a variety of
tests requiring force of up to 50kN.
Shimadzu’s material testing solutions are supported by Trapezium X operating software allowing for user friendly
programming and set up. Safety features are at the core of our machine development, with multiple levels of safety
triggers built into both the machine and software.

High-precision testing system

Test Force Measurements Guaranteed with a High-Precision Load Cell with a
Capacity of 5 kN Max.

The system uses a high-precision load cell that guarantees accuracy to within
±0.5% of the indicated value (high-precision type) over a wide range from 1/500
to 1/1 of the rated capacity.

This helps ensure highly reliable evaluation tests over a wide range of loads.

JIS B7721 Class 1

ISO 7500-1 Class 1
COMPLIANCE EN 10002-2 Grade 1
ASTM E4

Note: Shimadzu recommends validation at an installation site that

meets the requirements specified in these standards.

AGS-X:
✔ Real-time auto tuning of control parameters
✔ Easy comparisons to unknown samples without the need for preliminary tests
✔ Quick stress control test to an ISO 6892-2009
✔ Achieve an accurate S-S curve with high-precision load cells

FROM
1msec
±0.5 1/500
(1000Hz)
TO 1/1

Load Cell Load Cell High-Speed

Precision Precision Sampling
Range

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Materials Testing Experiments

Tensile test: What is it?

A Shimadzu material testing system is ideal for measuring tensile properties.
Tensile tests are used to determine how materials will behave under tension
load. In a simple tensile test, a sample is typically pulled to its breaking point to
determine the ultimate tensile strength of the material. The amount of force
(F) applied to the sample and the elongation (∆L) of the sample are measured
throughout the test. Material properties are often expressed in terms of stress
(force per unit area, σ) and strain (percent change in length, ε). To obtain stress,
the force measurements are divided by the sample’s cross-sectional area (σ = F/A).
Strain measurements are obtained by dividing the change in length by the initial
length of the sample (ε = ∆L/L). These values are then presented on an XY plot
called a stress-strain curve. Testing and measuring procedures vary based on the
material being tested and its intended application.

3-point bend test

A Shimadzu material testing system is ideal for 3-point bend testing. This test
measures the flexural strength and flexural modulus of materials, usually
reinforced and unreinforced plastics.

These calculations allow you to choose materials that do not bend when
supporting the loads you require for your application.

The test uses an EZ-Test universal testing machine and a three-point bend fixture
to bend plastic test bars to acquire the data needed to make the calculations.

Peel test
A Shimadzu material testing system is ideal for measuring the peel, tear,
and friction properties of elastomers, adhesives, glues, cements, laminates,
packaging, fabrics, coatings, labels, tapes, medical devices, and other products,
materials, and components.

With the Shimadzu UTM, you can accurately calculate average peel strength load
over a specified distance and strength per unit width of adhesive. All adhesive
testing systems feature constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) and constant-rate-of-
load (CRL) control which allows you to perform a wide variety of adhesive tests
with only one testing machine.

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16
e-Learning Resources

All college students and personnel will gain access to Shimadzu e-learning resources.

The resources are geared towards students and young scientist. These cover the theory and key
principles of chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques.

There are numerous e-learning videos available including such topics as:

Gas Chromatography (GC)

Introduction to Gas Chromatography
• Introduction to gas chromatography
• GC columns
• GC injection techniques
• GC detectors
• Processing GC data
• Maintenance and troubleshooting
• Method development

Gas Chromatography –
Introduction to GCMS
Mass Spectrometry (GCMS)
• Introduction to GCMS
• Single Quadrupole (SQ) vs Triple Quadrupole
(TQ) GCMS
• GCMS operation and maintenance
• Introduction to GCMS method development

High Performance Liquid

Liquid Chromatography
Solvents
Chromatography (HPLC)
Injector • Introduction to liquid chromatography
Column • Types of liquid chromatography and separation
Pump Detector techniques
• Separation process
50
mV
• Method development
40

30

20

Chromatogram 10

0
2.5 5.0 min

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 Maintenance, Service and On-going Support

Shimadzu UK is dedicated to providing the best possible service to enable our customers to make the
most of their equipment. With our team of Factory Trained & Certified Field Service Engineers and
Product Applications Specialists, we are easily accessible to support and answer any questions that
might arise.
Maintenance and support of analytical instrumentation is a vital part of laboratory operation. For our customer’s
peace of mind, Shimadzu instrumentation is supplied with 12 months warranty, commencing on the installation of the
equipment.

In addition, we offer an academic maintenance plan, specifically developed to meet the needs of teaching laboratories.
This plan includes an annual preventive maintenance visit to keep instrumentation running smoothly, as well as a 35%
discount on emergency labour and travel charges.

The training sessions tailored to end user’s needs and requirements will also be provided as a part of the package. In
addition, we pride ourselves on providing continuous technical support for the lifetime of the instrument at no extra
cost. Our customers have full online access to the Shimadzu online support portal and direct contact details of your key
technical specialist.

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Additional Value Offerings

In line with Shimadzu’s ethos of Excellence in Science, we highly value the importance of investing in
the next generation of talent. The students of today will be the driving force for the future of science
and technological advances.

As part of the purchase of new analytical instrumentation, Shimadzu’s proposal extends to the
following areas:

• Supporting the implementation of the new teaching laboratory with the latest
instrumentation at a collaborative subsidised rate

• Supporting guest teaching seminars at the College site

• Shimadzu to invite key students/personnel to their Centre of Excellence HQ in

Milton Keynes, providing access to the latest industry-standard analytical equipment

• Annual staff training at the Shimadzu Centre of Excellence HQ in Milton Keynes

• Shimadzu to create and promote an interview with the college staff focusing on
science teaching portfolio

• Supporting teaching via e-learning platforms

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Shimadzu UK Limited
Mill Court, Featherstone Road, Wolverton Mill South, Milton Keynes, MK12 5RE
Sales Hotline: 01908 552209, Service Hotline: 01908 552202, Accounts: 01908 552201
Facsimile: 01908 552211, UK Registration No. 5342169 Web: www.shimadzu.co.uk

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