NEW YORK STATE

BOATER’S GUIDE
A handbook of registration,
operation and safety information
for the prudent boater
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT:
New York State Office of Parks Recreation & Historic Pres-
ervation, for information about boating education courses, hull
identification numbers, regatta permits, floating object permits, and
boating related question please visit our website at:
www.nysparks.com/recreation/boating
New York State Canal Corp, for information and maps of the
canal as well as lock information. Call 1-800-422-6254 or visit
their website at:
www.canals.ny.gov
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation,
for information about New York State fishing license, pump out
locations and New York State clean water initiatives please visit
the DEC website at:
www.dec.ny.gov
To report an accidental release of petroleum, toxic chemicals,
gases or other hazardous materials call the NYS Spill Hotline
1-800-457-7362 Or USCG Oil Spill Hotline at 1-800-424-8802
Lake George Park Commission for information about Lake
George and the Lake George Park Region. Contact the LGPC at
(518) 668-9347 or visit their website at:
www.lgpc.state.ny.us
Adirondack Park Agency, for information about the Adirondack
Park and lakes contact the Adirondack Park Agency at (518) 891-
4050 or visit their website at:
www.apa.ny.gov
United States Coast Guard, for information about federal require-
ments please visit the United States Coast Guards website at:
www.uscg.mil
New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, for information
about registering boats, PWC, trailers and titling please visit the
Department of Motor Vehicles website at:
www.dmv.ny.gov
 NEW YORK STATE
BOATER’S GUIDE
Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
www.WearItNewYork.com

New legislation passed in 2016 requires a sentencing

judge in a BWI case to consider past DWI offenses. Repeat
offenders of Boating While Intoxicated (BWI) and Driving
While Intoxicated (DWI) laws are now subject to increased
penalties including revocation of operator privileges, large
fines and possible incarceration.
Introduction
Interest in recreational boating continues to be an
increasing diversion for many New Yorkers. With the
large number of registered boats in the state, it’s obvi-
ous that recreational boating is very popular. Whether
it’s an extended fishing trip on one of our many beauti-
ful still water lakes, or a weekend on the Great South
Bay, hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers participate
in waterborne recreational activities annually. The Of-
fice of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation is
one of the many sources of this type of public recre-
ation, as well as the office administering boating safety
programs.
New York is particularly well known for its marine
coastline, upstate lakes, scenic rivers, and extensive
canal system. Because of these many waterborne rec-
reational opportunities, NYS Parks is continually provid-
ing boater safety information in the hopes of reducing
accidents, injuries, and fatalities upon the waterways.
The New York State Boater’s Guide is one means of
providing such useful safety information.
This guide provides basic boating safety information
on such topics as registration, operation, equipment
and rules of the road, however we strongly encour-
age every boater to sign up for some formal boating
instruction before venturing out on their own. Courses
on safe boating are available through NYS Parks, US
Coast Guard Auxiliary, and the US Power Squadron.

2
 For additional specific information about boating
requirements in New York State contact the Office of the
State Boating Law Administrator at:
Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation
Marine Services Bureau
Albany, NY 12238
518-474-0445
or visit our web site at
www.nysparks.com/recreation/boating

This publication, which was produced under a grant

from the Aquatic Resources Trust Fund, your motorboat
fuel taxes, is intended to provide a summary of the more
important laws, legal requirements, and suggested safety
information governing boating within New York State, as well
as assist in the enjoyment of safe recreational boating. For
legal purposes, the U.S. Federal Code and the New York
State Navigation Law should be consulted.

The preparation of this guide was financed through a grant to

NYS OPRHP from the US Dept. of Transportation; United States
Coast Guard, under provisions of the State Recreational Boating
Safety programs. The United States Coast Guard requires strict
adherence to Title VI of the Civil Right Law which prohibits dis-
crimination in departmentally federally funded programs on the
basis of race, color, national origin, age, or handicap. Any person
who believes that he or she has been discriminated against in
any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal
assistance should write to: Office of Equal Opportunity: U.S. Dept.
of the Interior, Washington, DC 20013-7127.

3
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4
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................. 2

Part One:
Registration.................................................................................. 7

Part Two:
Trailering......................................................................................13

Part Three:
Equipment...................................................................................19

Part Four:
Rules of the Nautical Road.....................................................29

Part Five:
General Boating Requirements.............................................. 37

Part Six:
Getting Underway.................................................................... 43

Part Seven:
Specific Recreational Boating Activities...............................52

Part Eight:
Personal Watercraft..................................................................59

© Contents copyright 2017 by the State of New York, Office of Parks,

Recreation and Historic Preservation, Bureau of Marine Services.
All rights reserved.

5
PLEASE DO NOT DUMP BAIT, FISH,
OTHER ANIMALS OR PLANTS
INTO THE WATER! Learn More!

6
 PART ONE
Registration

7
Registration Requirements
Both Federal and State law require that any pleasure vessel,
whether propelled wholly or in part by mechanical means, which
is operated on the waters of the state of New York, be registered
with the NYS Dept. of Motor Vehicles. Owners of vessels which
are documented exclusively for pleasure with the federal govern-
ment and which operate principally within NYS, must also apply
to Motor Vehicles for a registration certificate and are required to
display validation stickers. The following vessels are exempt from
state registration requirements: vessels operating commercially
with either a U.S. or foreign document; vessels legally registered
in another state (up to 90 consecutive days maximum); lifeboats
(not including tenders and dinghies); competition race boats; and
non mechanically propelled vessels.

Certificate of Registration
The registration certificate is your proof of current registration.
It may also be your only proof
of ownership unless the vessel
is titled or documented. Vessel
operators must carry the vessel’s
original certificate of registration
on board at all times. Likewise,
the documented vessel must
also carry its documentation at all
times when the vessel is in use.

Correct Display of Number

The registration number consists of the letters NY followed by
four numbers and two letters. A space, or a hyphen, the width of
a letter, must separate the first and last two letters from the four
middle numbers (NY 1234 AB). The numbers must be painted or
permanently attached to both sides of the vessel’s bow. It should
read from left to right, be of block letters not less than three inches
in height, and of a color that contrasts with that of the hull. The
registration number should be the only number on the forward
half of the vessel and should be clearly visible and readable from
at least 100 feet during daylight hours. This number may not be
transferred to another vessel.
8
 Correct Display
of Number

Registration
Sticker

Validation Stickers
Two validation stickers will be issued
at the time of registration. These stickers
will display the month and year of registra-

7
tion expiration. Validation stickers are to
be affixed to the hull, in line with, and no
further than three inches aft of, the regis-
tration number. On vessels documented
for pleasure with the U.S. Coast Guard,
the validation stickers should be placed
approximately in the same location.

Hull Identification Number (HIN)

Federal regulations require all vessel manufacturers to per-
manently affix a HIN to every vessel produced. This 12 character
identification, not to be confused with the vessel’s registration
number, is not only required in order for you to have your vessel
registered, it also assists in product safety notifications as well as
lost or stolen vessel recovery, much the same as the VIN on your
car. Make sure that the HIN found on the transom of your vessel
matches the number printed on your registration certificate. If
there is a discrepancy, notify the Department of Motor Vehicles.

9
Documented Vessels
Some larger vessels owned by U.S. citizens may be docu-
mented with the U.S. Coast Guard. In New York, all documented
pleasure vessels must apply for registration and display the ap-
propriate validation stickers. The Department of Motor Vehicles
will not issue a title or a number to a documented vessel, however
you will receive a registration certificate and a set of validation
stickers. Registration fees and taxes are paid at time of registration.

Titles
The Department of Motor Vehicles issues titles to all 1987 model
year and newer vessels which are at least 14 feet in length. The
title is your clear proof of ownership which must be surrendered to
a new owner at time of transfer. If your vessel is less than 14 feet,
then the registration certificate serves as the proof of ownership
and must be signed over to a new owner.

How Do I Register My Boat?

Simply complete Motor Vehicle’s form MV-82B (application for
registration), have the appropriate registration fee, provide proof
of ownership, proof of payment of sales tax (may be paid to Motor
Vehicles at time of registration), along with a bill of sale and you’re
all set. If this is a new boat, or a vessel being registered for the first
time, you will also need to bring the original certificate, or state-
ment, of origin from the manufacturer with you to the Department
of Motor Vehicles.

Proof of Ownership
Acceptable proofs of ownership area as follows:
1. A manufacturer’s statement or certificate of origin (MSO or MCO).
2. A N.Y.S. or out-of-state title.
3. A N.Y.S. or out-of-state transferable registration.
4. A marine document.
5. A statement of ownership for non-titled vehicles (MV-51B)
Any transfer information must be properly completed. Proof of
ownership must be accompanied by the bill of sale which contains
both the seller’s and purchaser’s names; a description of the boat
including hull identification number (HIN); year, make and length;
10
purchase price and registration number (if previously registered
in N.Y.S.). If the boat passed through the hands of more than one
purchaser since it was last registered, you must supply valid bills of
sale from one purchaser to the next showing continuity of owner-
ship from the last registrant to yourself.

Change of Ownership
When a vessel is sold, the certificate of registration or title must
be signed over to the new owner. At the same time, the original
owner should also notify the Department of Motor Vehicles of the
name and address of the new owner, as well as the date of trans-
11
fer and the registration number of the vessel. To protect yourself
when transferring ownership of any vessel, you should remove
the validation stickers from the hull prior to turning the boat over
to the new owner. This will ensure that the new owner won’t use
the vessel until it has been properly registered with Motor Vehicles
in his or her name.

Change of Address
The owner of any registered vessel must notify the Department
of Motor Vehicles within ten (10) days of a change in address. This
change should also be noted on the registration certificate.
If a boat is stolen, lost, abandoned, or destroyed, the owner
must notify the Department of Motor Vehicles in writing within 15
days. You should notify your local law enforcement agency and the
DMV Registration Records Bureau immediately if a lost or stolen
boat is recovered.

Renewals
The Department of Motor Vehicles will send you a registration
renewal at the appropriate time. Check to see that all information
on the renewal is correct, then sign and return the renewal notice
along with the specified fee. If you don’t hear from Motor Vehicles
within a couple of weeks prior to expiration, it is recommended
that you go down to a local Motor Vehicle office with your current
registration and renew in person.

Registration Fees
New York’s three year registration is amongst the least expen-
sive in the northeast. Current fees are as follows: less than 16
feet - $22.50 registration fee and $3.75 surcharge ($26.25 total),
16 feet to less than 26 feet - $45.00 registration fee and $12.50
surcharge ($57.50 total), and 26 feet or longer - $75.00 registration
fee and $18.75 surcharge ($93.75 total). The surcharge goes to
a dedicated fund which supports improvements of vessel access
and transient marina facilities. Fifty percent of all registration fees
collected from boaters, are returned to the counties to support
local marine law enforcement efforts.
For additional Information please visit the Department of Motor
Vehicles website at: www.dmv.ny.gov
12
PART TWO
Trailering

13
Trailers
All trailers operated on New York State’s public highways must
be registered, and inspected much the same as passenger cars.
You must provide the Department of Motor Vehicles with the fol-
lowing items in order to receive a valid registration document for
your trailer:
1. a completed Application for Vehicle Registration (MV-82)
2. proof of ownership (either a signed Title document for 1973
or newer models, or a signed transferable registration for
earlier models.
3. proof of payment of sales tax (tax may be paid at any motor
vehicle issuing office)
4. proof of vehicle inspection
5. proof of identity
6. a check for the correct fee made out to the “Commissioner
of Motor Vehicles”
Presentation of these items to any motor vehicle issuing office
will produce a valid one-year registration for your trailer. If you have
questions go to www.dmv.ny.gov.
Trailers with an unladen weight of less than 1000 pounds are
exempt from titling requirements. Builders of homemade trailers
can contact their county’s weights and measures office for locations
of weighing stations in your area.

14
Trailering Your Boat
By using a trailer, the average boater becomes more mobile,
eliminates the usual marina charges and makes routine mainte-
nance easier to perform.
In selecting a trailer be certain that the one you choose is
capable of handling your boat’s weight and length. Each trailer is
equipped with a capacity plate which informs you of this necessary
information. When determining the load don’t forget to include all
equipment and gear that will be carried aboard the trailer during a
typical tow. As for length, the trailer must adequately support the
entire length of your boat including the transom. The trailer must
also be capable of being properly adjusted to uniformly support
the hull. When shopping for a trailer, either bunk or roller type, first
determine how you intend to use the trailer. Generally bunk trailers
provide greater long term storage advantages, while roller types
best facilitate launching/retrieval, particularly on shallow ramps.
Safety Tips. Never exceed your tow hitches rated capacity and
always be certain that the trailer hitch is secured to the vehicles
frame and not merely a light duty hitch secured only to the bumper.
Frame connections
are much safer, partic-
ularly with increasing
loads. Always con-
sult your vehicle and
trailer owner’s manu-
als for hitch specifi-
cations. Be certain
that the hitch ball is
always matched to
the coupler on the
trailer tongue. Using
a mismatched cou-
pler and ball could result in the trailer disconnecting from the
hitch.
Always connect the trailer to the hitch with the use of safety
chains. The chain size is usually determined by the manufacturer of
the trailer, however it is generally specified that the minimum break-
ing strength of the chain be about 1.5 times the maximum gross
trailer weight. Related hardware should also be equally rated.
15
 If your trailer is 1500 pounds or more gross weight, it will be
equipped with brakes. Most brakes today are the “surge” type
which activate when the tow vehicle decelerates. Boat trailer
brakes need regular inspection to ensure proper operation.
Should your brakes fail in a sudden or unexpected stop, you
may find yourself in a difficult and dangerous situation, if not in
an accident. Have your mechanic check your brakes at least
once a year, particularly at the start of the season.
Wheels and Tires. Your trailer tires need routine checking as
well, look for cracking, wear, and sufficient pressure. Trailer tires
take a beating at ramps, over the road at highway speeds, and
just sitting around the yard exposed to ultraviolet light. Don’t
forget to take along a spare as well. Wheels exposed to water
also need regular greasing to maintain wheel bearing integrity.
Tie it down. Make sure the boat is properly cradled with
bow eye secured to the winch hook, as well as being properly
tied down as recommended by the manufacturer. Remember
to secure the winch handle so as to prevent accidental release,
boat damage, or possible injury.

Launching Your Boat

The skill of launching a boat comes with time and practice.
Before attempting any ramp on a busy weekend, you may first
want to practice backing up a trailer in a vacant parking lot. This
will give you a fair idea of how the trailer will respond to the tow
vehicle when backing. You might perhaps want to use traffic
cones or similar props to simulate the launch ramp limits and
practice with them until you feel confident. The local ramp is
not the place to learn on a busy weekend. The concrete is not
very forgiving and your fellow boaters tend not to be particularly
patient with rookies.
When you are ready to launch your boat, the following sug-
gestions will save time when your turn to launch arrives. While
waiting in line check out your boat and trailer. Be certain that:
• the boat plug is in
• the tie downs are removed
• the bow and stern lines have been attached to the boat

16
 • the outdrive has been raised
• the winch is connected to the bow eye

You should also take a walk over to the ramp and assess
the slope, condition of the ramp, water depth, debris, and
general traction.
Launching a boat generally requires at least two people, one
to drive the tow vehicle and the other to handle the lines once
the boat is launched. Before launching, assess the wind and
current to determine if they will affect your boat during launch-
ing. Back down the ramp approximately until the rear tires of
the tow vehicle enter the water, set the brake and put it in park.
Now you can get in the boat or have someone on board lower
the outdrive, start the engine and prepare to back off the trailer.
Be certain that there’s sufficient water depth before starting the
engine. Once the engine is running, release the winch, back
off the trailer, and tie up alongside the ramp wall or courtesy
dock. Get back in your tow vehicle, drive off the ramp and park
in the designated parking area.
When returning to the ramp and preparing to haul your boat
you basically want to do the launch process in reverse. Come

17
alongside the wall or dock and tie up. Discharge passengers and
unload the boat if possible. Have someone get the tow vehicle
from the parking lot and get in line for retrieval. When your turn
arrives, line up your boat with your trailer which is now waiting for
you on the ramp. The trailer should be in about the same position
as it was for launching. As you prepare to reload the boat on
the trailer remember to consider the effect of wind and current
which can give you difficulty. This process may be difficult and
may require more than one attempt. Once properly loaded on
the trailer bunks or rollers, be sure to secure the bow winch and
carefully exit the ramp and return to the parking area in order to
complete the tie down process, secure the boat and clean up.

For a list of statewide boat launch sites go to our website

www.nysparks.com/recreation/boating/resources.aspx

18
PART THREE

Equipment

19
Required Equipment Aboard Vessels
(For Personal Watercraft requirements - see page 62)

Life Jackets
Every vessel including canoes, kayaks and row boats operated in
NYS must have on board one USCG approved wearable life jacket
for each person aboard. In addition, vessels 16 feet and greater in
length except canoes and kayaks are required to have a USCG
approved type IV throwable flotation aid. In order for any life jacket
to be considered properly worn, any straps or zippers must be tied
or zipped. Life jackets must be readily accessible. Meaning they
must be reachable quickly in an emergency. Never store life jackets
in plastic bags or under lock and key while under way. Life jackets
must also be serviceable and of appropriate size for the wearer. A
serviceable life jacket is free from tears, rot and punctures. In addi-
tion all fasteners must be attached and functional. Avoid if possible
storing life jackets in direct sunlight, a wet environment and sitting
on life jackets as this will accelerate wear and damage.
Who must wear a life jacket!!!
• Children under the age of 12 aboard pleasure vessels less than
65 feet in length, canoes, kayaks or rowboats unless in a
totally enclosed cabin
• Everyone being towed (wakeboarding, water skiing, tubing, etc.)
• Everyone aboard pleasure vessels less than 21 feet in length,
including rowboats, canoes, and kayaks, while underway
between November 1st and May 1st
• Everyone aboard a Personal Watercraft

Types of Life Jackets

As of October 22, 2014 the USCG will
no longer require that life jackets use Type
Coding – Type l, Type ll, etc. – for life jackets.
However, manufacturers will continue to use
these codes until newer labels are designed
and approved. Current life jackets that have Type I Life Jacket
Type l-V coding on their labels will be legal to
sell and wear for the useful life of the jacket. A Type I Life Jacket, or
Off-Shore Life Jacket, provides the most buoyancy. It is effective
for all waters, especially those which may be open, rough, remote, or
20
where rescue may be slow in coming. These devices are designed
to turn most unconscious wearers in the water to a face-up position.
There are two sizes: adult-which provides a minimum of 22 pounds
of buoyancy, and the child-which provides a minimum of 11 pounds.
A Type II Life Jacket, or Near-Shore
Buoyant Vest, is intended for calm, inland
water or where there is a good chance of
quick rescue. This device will turn some
unconscious wearers face up in the water.
The turning action is not as pronounced nor
as effective as the type I device. The adult
vest provides a minimum of 15.5 pounds of
Type II Life Jacket
buoyancy, a medium child size provides 11
pounds. Infant and small child size provide
a minimum of 7 pounds of buoyancy.

A Type III Life Jacket, or Flotation Aid is

good for calm, inland water, or where there
is a good chance of quick rescue. It is de-
signed for special recreational activities such
as water skiing so that the wearer can place
oneself in a face up position in the water. The Type III Life Jacket
type III has the same minimum buoyancy as a
type II device. Float coats, fishing vests, and
vests designed with special features suitable
for various sports activities are examples of
this type of life jacket.

A Type IV Life Jacket, or Throwable

Flotation Aid is designed to be thrown to a
person in the water and grasped and held Throwable
until rescued. These Floatation Aid
devices are not intended to be worn. Examples
of types IVs include buoyancy cushions, life
rings and horseshoe buoys.
A Type V Life Jacket contains a small
amount of inherent buoyancy and an inflatable
chamber. Performance can be equal to a type
Type V Life Jacket I, II, or III life jacket (as noted on the label)
21
when inflated. To meet current vessel carriage requirements,
type V life jacket must be worn when underway and display an
official US Coast Guard approval number.
Inflatable Type III and Type V Life Jacket - the US Coast
Guard now approves both automatic as well as manually inflated
life jackets. Both devices are inflated with compressed carbon
dioxide gas which is stored in a replaceable cartridge. These car-
tridges must be replaced each time the life jacket is inflated. These
devices do require a minimal amount of maintenance, but nothing
that the average boater can’t complete in the field. Always consult
the approval label on any life jacket to determine if it is approved
for the activity in which you plan to use it. Fully inflatables are not
recommended for water skiing, PWC operation, non-swimmers,
and are not approved for children less than 16 years of age.

Checking Your Life Jacket

Buoyancy is the force that counteracts the gravitational forces
on a person in water. Most of us don’t have enough natural
buoyancy to keep afloat therefore the difference must be made
up by a life jacket. Be aware that our natural buoyancy changes
with body weight, clothing, and breathing.
You should periodically test your life jacket in shallow water
to see if it has sufficient buoyancy to keep you safely afloat.
Keep arms and legs below the water’s surface and assume
a relaxed position. Your head and chin should be above the
water’s surface.
Many type I and II life jackets consist of several kapok bags
sewn into the device. Each bag must be airtight. If there is a
leak, the kapok may then absorb water and loose some, if not
most, of its buoyancy. Examine all life jackets for securely at-
tached straps and functional buckles or fasteners. Discard torn
or ripped devices.
Life jackets will last many years given reasonable care. Dur-
ing the winter remove them from the boat and store in a dry,
well ventilated place. Never store life jackets near oil or grease
since these substances can cause deterioration and reduce the
the devices’ performance. Never use your life jacket as a boat
fender, such action may tear or rupture the device thus render-

22
ing it useless. Your life jacket is your primary piece of lifesaving
equipment, treat it as such and it may someday save your life.

Visual Distress Signals

• State law requires all vessels 16 feet and greater, except for
rowboats, kayaks and canoes to carry USCG approved day and
nighttime visual distress signals.
• State law requires all vessels, except rowboats, kayaks, and
canoes, to carry USCG approved nighttime visual distress signals
when operating from sunset to sunrise. It is strongly recommended
that all vessels when operating between sunset and sunrise carry
nighttime visual distress signals.
Most boats can meet this requirement by simply carrying three
USCG approved day/night hand held flares. You may also carry any
combination of three-day and three night-approved pyrotechnic
devices. Non-pyrotechnic options include an approved electric
distress light (for night) or an orange distress flag (for day). Whichever
you choose, all devices must be in serviceable condition and read-
ily accessible. For pyrotechnics, the expiration date, as printed on
the device, must not have lapsed. When buying pyrotechnic visual
distress equipment always look for the freshest devices possible,
those with at least three years of service life would be the newest.

23
Fire Extinguishers
All mechanically propelled vessels, except outboards less
than 26 feet in length and of open construction, must carry one
B-I US Coast Guard approved fire extinguisher. Mechanically
propelled vessels 26 feet to less
than 40 feet in length must carry
two B-I US Coast Guard approved
fire extinguishers. Mechanically
propelled vessels 40 feet to less
than 65 feet in length must carry
three B-I US Coast Guard approved
fire extinguishers. Vessels 65 feet
and greater in length should consult
federal regulations. On any vessel,
one B-II extinguisher may substitute
for two B-I extinguishers. Vessels
equipped with approved fixed extinguishing systems may carry
one less B-I extinguisher.
Beyond the previously mentioned requirements fire extin-
guishers are also required whenever: a vessel is equipped with
an inboard engine, where there are enclosed or permanently
mounted fuel tanks on board, when there are enclosed living
spaces, or there are closed stowage compartments in which
combustible or flammable materials are stored.
The most common types of fire extinguishers are dry chemi-
cal and carbon dioxide. Dry chemical extinguishers are for use
on fires caused by flammable liquids such as fuel or grease

Minimum number of hand portable fire extinguishers required

Vessel Length No Fixed System With Approved
Fixed Systems
Less than 26” 1 B-1 O
26’ to less than 40’ 2 B-1 or 1 B-ll 1 B-l
40’ to 65’ 3 B-l or 1 B-ll & 1 B-1 2 B-1 or 1 B-ll
24
(class B fires) and electrical fires (class C). Carbon dioxide is
good on combustible solids (class A fires) such as paper or
wood as well as class B and C fires. All of these extinguishers
work best in enclosed areas or away and sheltered from the
wind. Check your extinguishers frequently to ensure that they
are fully charged and undamaged. Check the pressure gauge,
replace cracked or broken hoses, and keep the nozzle free of
blockages. Never test the extinguisher to see if it works, rather
have it inspected by a professional to determine its reliability.
A fire generally needs three things in order to burn: heat, fuel,
and oxygen. If you can sufficiently remove any one of the three
components, the fire will go out. Be familiar with the extinguisher
and its method of effective extinguishing before you need to use it.
Read the label and instructions on its use. Be certain that the extin-
guisher is readily accessible and properly mounted in its bracket.
Vessels with inboard engines are more susceptible to fires
that may ignite and take hold before the operator is aware. The
enclosed nature of the engine space combined with the potential
for gasoline leaks can create an explosive situation. Operators of
gasoline inboard powered vessels should consider the option of
installing an automatic fixed extinguishing system in order to reduce
the danger of fire aboard these vessels.

Anchor
All mechanically propelled vessels, except PWC, must carry an
anchor and line of sufficient weight and strength to provide the ves-
sel with safe anchorage. Select an anchor for the type of waters in

25
which you’ll be operating. Generally speaking, the prudent mariner
should have an anchor which can hold a vessel when subjected
to the worst conditions of wind and wave that might typically be
encountered. The anchor line should also be between 7 and 10
times the depth of water in which you normally anchor.

Whistle or Horn
All mechanically propelled vessels 12 meters (39 ft.) and
greater in length must carry a whistle which must be a mechani-
cal device capable of producing a blast of two or more seconds
in duration. On vessels less than 12 meters (39 ft.) in length a
mouth whistle may be used.

Bell
All vessels 12 meters (39 ft.) and greater in length are required
to have a bell. The purpose of the bell is to facilitate compliance
with the rules of the road when anchored or grounded during
periods of reduced visibility.

Additional Suggested Equipment

First Aid Kit Oar/Paddle
Tool Kit Compass
Bilge Pump/Bailer Marine Radio
Boat Hook Spare Parts

Navigation Lights
Recreational vessels must display their required navigational
lights at all times between sunset and sunrise, and during pe-
riods of restricted visibility. Sail vessels less than 7 meters (23
ft.) in length as well as manually propelled vessels may carry,
in lieu of fixed lights, a lantern with a white light which can be
exhibited in sufficient time to prevent a collision. Law enforce-
ment vessels may also exhibit a blue flashing light.

Anchor Lights
According to State Law, a vessel under 150 feet when at
anchor shall carry forward at a height not to exceed 20 feet
above the hull, a white light visible all round.
26
NAVIGATIONAL LIGHTS

27
 NYS Pleasure Boat Required Equipment Checklist
PWC Motorboat Less Motorboat 16 Rowboat, Canoe, Sailboat
then 16 feet feet to less than Kayak
26 feet
Boat Registration Required Required Required Not Required Not Required
Certificate
Validation Sticker Required Required Required Not Required Not Required
Display
Personal Flotation Must Be Worn 1 per person 1 per person 1 per person 1 per person
Device onboard* onboard* onboard* onboard*
Type IV PFD Not Required Not Required Required Not Required Required ≥ 16 ft.
Fire Extinguisher, Not Required Required, with Required, with Not Required Not Required
Type B-1 exceptions● exceptions●
Ignition Safety Lanyard attached to Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required
Switch operator, if so
equipped
Backfire Flame Required Gas inboard and I/O Gas inboard and I/O Not Required Not Required
Arrestor engines engines
Ventilation Required May be requiredⱷ May be requiredⱷ Not Required Not Required
Muffled Exhaust Required Required Required Not Required Not Required
Horn or Whistle Mouth whistle is Mouth whistle is Mouth whistle is Mouth whistle is Mouth whistle is
acceptable acceptable acceptable acceptable if < 39ft. acceptable if < 39ft.

Daytime Visual Required Not Required Required Not Required Required ≥ 16 ft,
Distress Signals with exception¥
Nighttime Visual No nighttime Required at night Required Not Required Required
Distress Signals operation

Navigation Lights No nighttime Required at night & Required at night & Required at night & Required at night &
operation Restricted visibility Restricted visibility Restricted visibility Restricted visibility

Anchor Not Required Required Required Not Required Not Required

* PFD must be worn between November 1st and May 1st on any pleasure boat under 21 feet, including sailboats, canoes and
kayaks
PFD must be worn by anyone under 12 years of age, unless in an enclosed cabin, if onboard a motorboat under 65 feet or any
other pleasure boat including sailboats, canoes, and kayaks
PFD must be worn by anyone who is being towed by a pleasure boat
● Motorboats less than 26 feet in length are required to carry one type B-1 USCG approved fire extinguisher unless
they are of open construction and powered by outboard motors. Motorboats with a fixed fire extinguishing system
are required to carry one less type B-1 fire extinguisher.
ⱷ Motorboats which use fuel having a flash point of 110°F or less, which includes gasoline, are required to have at
least two ventilators unless the bilges under the engine and fuel tank are exposed to the natural atmosphere.

¥ Open sailboats less than 26 feet in length not equipped with mechanical power are not required to carry
daytime visual distress.

28
 PART FOUR
Rules of the
Nautical Road

29
Rules of the Nautical Road
The rules of the road are an accepted standard by which all
mariners are to comply when operating a vessel upon the water.
Basically the rules require that every operator conduct his/her
vessel in a prudent manner, at a safe speed, while constantly
maintaining a proper lookout by all means available.

The Sound Signals

All vessels are required to exchange sound signals when their
paths will lead them into any close quarters situation. The following
signals are prescribed for use by vessels when within sight of each
other, to signal their intentions with respect to maneuvering:
1. One short blast - “I intend to leave you on my port side.”
Often this means a change in course to starboard (right).
2. Two short blasts - “I intend to leave you on my starboard side.”
Often this means a change in course to port (left).
3. Three short blasts - “I am operating astern propulsion.”
Usually means that you are backing down.
4. Five or more short blasts - commonly known as the danger
signal and is used when either vessel doubts whether
sufficient action is being taken by the other vessel to avoid
collision.
5. One prolonged blast – the boat is leaving its slip. It is also
used for indicating your boats presence when coming
around a bend.
(A short blast is that of one second in duration. A prolonged blast is
that of four to six seconds in duration.)

The Situations
In the following situations we use the terms “Stand-on” or “Give-
way”. The Stand-on vessel is generally required by the rules to
maintain both course and speed. The Give-way vessel is required
to take early and substantial action to keep clear and avoid colliding
with the other vessel.
MEETING. In this situation both vessels will pass within close
proximity to one another on nearly reciprocal headings. The rules
require that in this situation both vessels should exchange one short
blast and pass with sufficient room on each other’s port side. In this
case both vessels are required to give way.
30
THE SITUATIONS

Meeting

Crossing

Overtaking

31
 CROSSING. Here both vessels are approaching each other
at perpendicular or oblique angles and expect to pass close to
one another. The rules specify that the vessel which has the other
on its starboard side must keep out of the way. In this case the
give way vessel should sound one short blast and alter course
to starboard thus leaving the stand on vessel to port.
OVERTAKING. This situation exists when one vessel is com-
ing up from any direction two or more points abaft (behind) the
other vessel’s beam. The overtaking vessel is considered the
give-way vessel and must keep clear of the vessel it is overtaking.
The overtaking vessel should sound its intentions with respect
to the desired side of passing, and the overtaken vessel must
stand-on until the other vessel is past and clear.

Keep these things in mind:

1. Most practical on water situations may involve more than two
vessels operating under less than ideal conditions. In any multiple
vessel encounter, all mariners should exercise good seamanship,
operate at a safe speed, and if ever in doubt as to the intentions
of another vessel, immediately sound the danger signal, slacken
speed, stop, or reverse the engines until the risk of collision passes.
2. As the stand-on vessel in any situation you must hold course
and speed until such time as it becomes apparent to you that
the action of the give-way vessel alone can not avoid a collision.
Don’t be stubborn, even if you are entitled to the right of way ex-
pect the unexpected and be prepared to yield. Always exercise
prudent seamanship in all close quarter and restricted navigation
situations. Remember that a good number of your fellow boaters
don’t know a lot about boating, not to mention what the rules of
the road prescribe.

Rules for Restricted Visibility

When operating under conditions of restricted visibility such
as fog, heavy rain, snow, etc., all vessels must travel at a “Safe
Speed” for the prevailing conditions. In addition motor vessels
must sound a prolonged blast (4-6 second duration) on the horn
or whistle every two minutes. Motor vessels less than 12 meters
(39ft.) in length that can’t give this signal must make some other
efficient sound signal every two minutes. Also turn on your naviga-
32
tion lights. Under any restricted visibility situation always navigate
with extreme caution while keeping a sharp lookout for lights and
signals of other vessels.
When at anchor in restricted visibility every vessel must ring
the ship’s bell rapidly for five seconds every minute. Vessels less
than 12 meters (39 ft.) in length that can’t give this signal must make
some other efficient sound signal every two minutes. This does
not apply to vessels less than 20 meters (65 ft.) anchored in an
approved special anchorage.

Responsibilities between vessels -

Who has the right of way?
Vessels with a lower priority must keep out of the way of vessels
with a higher priority unless being overtaken.
Highest Priority
a. A vessel not under command (unable to maneuver)
b. A vessel restricted in its ability to maneuver
c. A vessel engaged in fishing*
d. A sailing vessel
e. A power driven vessel
Lowest Priority
*A vessel engaged in fishing does not include fishing with trolling lines or
other apparatus which does not restrict maneuverability. (ie. Sport Fishing)

As a recreational boat operator plying the waters of New York’s

harbors and rivers, you should be aware of the maneuvering char-
acteristics and limitations of large commercial vessels, particularly
in congested areas.
As a general rule, it’s best to avoid hampering the progress of
any large vessel even if you believe you have the right of way.
Keep in mind that large vessels are restricted to the deeper
navigable channels whereas your boat may safely operate in
relatively little water. If you feel that you must stay within the
marked channel due to your draft, always observe good seaman-
ship and keep as far to the right side of the channel as is safe
and practical for your vessel.
Also remember that large vessels generally throw large wakes as
they displace water. Larger deeply laden vessels can also take up
33
to a half mile or more to come to a complete stop. Never put your-
self in a position where a vessel needs to execute an emergency
maneuver in order to avoid running you down. When meeting any
large vessel on the water, a little courtesy goes a long way.
Speaking of large vessels and the water they displace, never
haul or launch your boat at a ramp when these larger vessels are
transiting. The large amounts of water they displace may cause a
surge in the water level which may not only damage your property
but may also endanger your life as well. The same rule holds for
swimming. If you see a large vessel approaching, get out of the
water. The suction effect caused by these large boats may pull you
way out into the river.
Absolutely never attempt to pass between a tug and its tow.
The tow line may not be visible however it may just be below the
surface ready to take up and become taut at any time. The force
of a cable is easily capable of flipping or splitting your boat. Learn
the signals displayed by these vessels and stay well clear of tugs,
their tows and any cables.

Aids to Navigation
In New York State navigational aids are placed by either the State
of New York or the federal government. The red and green mark-
ers indicate the right and left sides of the channel. Boaters should
always remember the old adage, red right returning. This means
that the red buoys mark the right side of the channel whenever we
are returning from sea or proceeding toward the head of navigation
The reverse would be true when heading back to the sea. Always
remember to pass safely between the red and green buoys in order
to ensure safe water, deep enough to permit navigation. In addition
you may see several regulatory markers which designate direction,
speed, danger, etc. These aids are always white with bright orange
stripes and legends emblazoned upon the buoy.

Information & Regulatory Markers

BOATS KEEP DANGER! CAUTION! INFORMATION

OUT!
34
Lateral System (As Seen Entering From Seaward)

For more information on Aids to Navigations go to

http://www.uscgboating.org/ATON/index.html

35
For more information on Aids to Navigations go to
http://www.uscgboating.org/ATON/index.html

36
 PART FIVE
General Boating
Regulations

37
Speed
In New York State, vessel speed is generally
limited to 5 mph when within 100 feet of the
shore, a dock, pier, raft, float, or anchored boat.
On some specific bodies of water the 5 mph limit
has been extended to 200 feet, and there may
also be a 45 mph daytime and 25 mph nighttime
speed limit. Local ordinances may further regulate the speed
of boats operated within specific areas, check with authorities
regarding local regulations.
When no speed limit is posted, vessels must always be oper-
ated in such a fashion so as not to endanger others. A vessel
must be able to stop within a distance appropriate to the prevail-
ing conditions A vessel operator is responsible for any damage
caused by the vessel’s wake. Prudent judgment requires opera-
tors to reduce speed when passing marinas, fishing vessels, work
boats or other similar areas. When encountering marine regattas
or parades, always transit with an escort vessel. Should no escort
vessel be provided, vessels should only proceed at a safe, no
wake speed, as far away from the regatta as safely possible.

Boating Accidents
It is the responsibility of
every boater to render all
practical and necessary aid
possible to other vessels
requiring assistance, without
endangering their vessel or
their passengers.
If you are involved in a
boating accident you must
stop and give your name, address and vessel identification to the
owner of the damaged property or any injured party. If personal
injury has been caused to another person, or another person
has disappeared under the water, the nearest law enforcement
agency shall be contacted immediately. In the event of an
accident involving only property damage, if the person sustaining
damage cannot be located at the scene or the other operator
involved leaves the scene, the accident shall be reported to the
nearest law enforcement agency immediately.
38
If you are the owner or operator of a boat involved in a boating
accident in which there was an injury, death or disappearance
of a person, or if property damage exceeding $1,000 to any one
party has occurred, you must report the matter in writing to New
York State Parks within 5 days of the accident. Failure to report
an accident is a violation under NYS Law.
Accident Report forms can be found at: www.nysparks.com/
recreation/boating/resources.aspx

Age & Education Requirements

FIND A BOATING SAFETY COURSE
• New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic
Preservation – www.WearItNewYork.com
• United States Coast Guard Auxiliary – www.cgaux.org
• United States Power Squadron – www.usps.org

Motor Boat Education Requirements:

• Operators born on or after May 1, 1996 must have a boating
safety certificate and be at least 10 years of age.
• Operators who are younger than 18 years of age, and who
are not holders of a boating safety certificate, must be ac-
companied by a person who is at least 18 years of age and
is the holder of a boating safety certificate, or is born before
May 1, 1996.
• The operator is the owner of a recently purchased motor
boat, if required by law to hold a boating safety certificate may
operate the vessel without the required certificate for up to
120 days from date of purchase.
• Persons 18 years of age or older may rent a motor boat
without a boating safety certificate provided that the operator
of the livery holds a certificate, demonstrates the use of the
vessel and safety equipment, and the person renting demon-
strates their understanding of the vessels operation and safety
equipment. Those under the age of 18 must have a boating
safety certificate in order to rent a vessel.
39
Motor Boat Operators Exempted From Having To Hold A Boating
Safety Certificate:
• Persons born before May 1, 1996
• Certified New York Safe Boating Instructors
• Members of the USCG Auxiliary or US Power Squadron
• Persons licensed by NYS Parks, the United States Coast Guard
or Canadian Coast Guard to operate commercial vessels
• Police officers, peace officers, fire and rescue personnel, and
life guards when acting pursuant to assigned duties
• A resident of another state or country who is the holder of a
valid boating safety certificate issued according to the laws of
their home state or country

Enforcement/Violations
Several different law enforce-
ment agencies enforce the Feder-
al and State navigation laws. The
US Coast Guard patrols the joint
jurisdictional waters while enforc-
ing federal laws. The State Park
Police, State Police, Department
of Environmental Conservation, as
well as county and local agencies
work to ensure compliance with state laws upon the water. Viola-
tions of State and Federal statutes carry fines and/or imprisonment.
Law enforcement may terminate the operation of any vessel,
including rowboats and canoes, found to have an immediately
hazardous violation of the law which may result in an accident or
physical injury.
Reckless operation of a boat can be a violation or misdemeanor.
Operators are required to operate a boat in a careful and prudent
manner in such a way as not to interfere with the free and proper use
of the navigable waters or endanger any boat or person. Reckless
operation may be the result of operator ignorance, inattention, indiffer-
ence or carelessness. Some examples of reckless operation include:
• Operating at high speed in a congested area or in restricted
visibility
• Following another boat too closely

40
 • Operating too closely to swimmers or divers
• Operating near dams
• Cutting through a regatta or marine parade
• Overloading a boat
• Allowing passengers to ride on the bow, gunwale or transom
while underway

Boating While Intoxicated

No one may operate a vessel on the
waters of NYS while impaired or intoxicated
either through the consumption of alcohol
or drugs. An operator with a blood alcohol level of 0.08 or higher
is considered legally intoxicated. New York law prescribes heavy
fines, imprisonment, and the suspension of operator privileges
for violators. In New York, if you are stopped for the suspicion of
impaired operation and refuse to voluntarily submit to a breath
test, your privilege to operate may be immediately suspended,
pending a hearing.

Zero Tolerance
New York, in an effort to send a clear message to
our young citizens that underage drinking will not be
tolerated, has enacted legislation, for those under 21
years of age, providing for the suspension or revoca-
tion of operating privileges if caught drinking while
operating a vessel.
It is important to realize that particularly on the water, even small
amounts of alcohol may greatly impair one’s ability to function in
three critical areas: balance, coordination, and judgment. Compound
this with such environmental stressors such as glare, heat, vibration,
and engine noise, one can become quickly fatigued thus slowing
your reaction time.
We must always keep in mind that a boat is an unstable plat-
form, and since a large percentage of fatalities occur from falling
overboard. Alcohol will also decrease your coordination. Drinking
also impairs your ability should you find yourself unexpectedly
immersed in the water. Many a good swimmer has drowned
because alcohol distorted their ability to orient themselves

41
upon entering the water and ended up swimming down instead
of towards the surface.
Alcohol may also give you the feeling that you and your boat
can perform maneuvers beyond both your limits. The ability to
process information from various sources is also depressed by
alcohol and the person may develop a tunnel vision perspective,
thus blocking out critical information. One’s ability to judge speed
and distance are also impaired which also limits one’s ability to
track moving objects. Alcohol also reduces your night vision,
you lose the ability to differentiate between red and green which
makes the intoxicated boater an even greater hazard after dark.

42
 PART SIX

Getting Underway

43
 Before getting underway, be certain to load your vessel
properly. Never enter your boat in such a manner as to upset
the stability of the craft. Hand equipment to others onboard and
don’t overextend yourself. Distribute the load evenly through-
out the boat so as not to impair the handling and operational
characteristics. Never exceed the vessels capacity rating and
never overpower your vessel.

Basic Flotation
Another important item installed in many boats during con-
struction is flotation. Since 1972 all boats less than 20 feet in length
have been required to have built in flotation. Those built since 1978
have sufficient flotation to float the boat and its occupants, even
when flooded with water. This feature is also found on several
larger boats as well.
Because of this built in feature, your boat can also double as
a self-rescue platform in the event of an accident. Should a boat
with flotation swamp, flood, or otherwise partially sink in the water,
don’t abandon it. In most cases you may be able to climb back
in and possibly be able to maneuver to shore. Remember that
the shoreline is usually further away than it looks. Many drown
trying to swim for shore while those that stay with the boat are
frequently rescued.

Overloading
Overloading any boat
will decrease stability and
reduce performance. A
capacity plate placed
aboard vessels less than
20 feet in length will
tell you just how much
weight and/or people the
boat may safely carry. It is
important to never exceed the capacity plate. Remember that gear
counts against a boats capacity. Overloading can lead to the loss
of stability and the possibility of capsizing.

44
Overpowering
Operators should also
strictly follow the manu-
facturer’s recommenda-
tions for engine size. A
larger engine may make
your boat run faster, how-
ever it may have not been
designed to handle the weight or stress. In addition to the added
weight of the larger engine, your steering mechanism may not be
designed for the larger engine as well, which may lead to reduced
or lost control at higher speeds.

Vessel Operator Duties

When underway always:
1. Be comfortable with the handling characteristics of the
vessel. Know your stopping distance, turning radius, and
optimal cruising speed.
2. Avoid unnecessary risks which may endanger life, limb
or property.
3. Always be cognizant of the vessel’s position and where you
are heading. Learn to navigate safely.
4. Listen to local weather broadcasts and watch for changing
weather conditions. Be prepared to head for safe harbor
should the weather conditions degrade.
5. Know and abide by the rules of the road.
6. Exercise courtesy.
7. Use the 1/3 rule to prevent running out of fuel. Figure on 1/3
for the trip out, 1/3 to return, and 1/3 for reserve.
8. Never allow passengers to ride on the bow, seat backs or
gunwales. Riding in these positions may increase the risk of
falling overboard. Operators who permit passengers to ride
in these locations may be cited for reckless operation.
9. Encourage everyone to don a life jacket, particularly non-
swimmers.

45
Proper Fueling Practices
Improper fueling practices are
the cause of most fires aboard
boats. Since gasoline vapor is
heavier than air it will always seek
the lowest location in the boat, the
bilge. Since the bilge area usually
runs through the engine space, the
risk of explosion is ever present.
This risk however can be greatly
reduced by taking the following precaution when fueling the boat:
1. Moor the boat securely to the dock
2. Remove all passengers
3. Extinguish all galley fires or smoking materials
4. Shut off engines and electrical equipment
5. Close all hatches and ports
6. Fill portable tanks on the dock, not in the boat
7. Keep fuel nozzle in contact with fill opening and never overfill
your tank
8. Replace fuel fill cap tightly
9. Wipe up any split gasoline, check bilges for leakage
10. After fueling, open up all hatches and run the blower for at
least 4 minutes to rid the vessel of stray vapors
11. Before starting the engine, give the engine space a sniff to
ensure that explosive vapors are no longer present
12. Secure portable fuel tanks before leaving the dock, and never
in an interior compartment
Note: Be aware that some alcohol blended fuels have been found
to accelerate the deterioration of fuel hoses within the fuel system.
Some blends have been known to make hoses brittle and thus subject
to cracking, while others can make hoses soft and spongy allowing
vapors to the permeate the hose. Boats that sit for long periods of time
are most prone to these conditions. Contact your dealer/manufacturer
concerning possible problems regarding alcohol blended gasoline.
Fuel Tanks - Vessels with foamed in aluminum fuel tanks have been
known to corrode, crack and even leak. Since many fuel tanks are not
easily accessed on today’s recreational boats, operators should be
certain that leaks have not developed over the years. If you suspect

46
a leak, have it checked out with a professional. Leaking fuel into your
bilge is an explosion waiting to happen.

Carbon Monoxide-The Invisible Killer

Boaters aboard vessels with enclosed cabins or
other similar accommodation spaces need to be
aware of the potential danger from carbon mon-
oxide gas. Carbon Monoxide (CO), a colorless and
odorless by-product of all internal combustion
engines, can quickly collect within, along side or
behind a boat. Symptoms of CO poisoning include headache,
nausea and dizziness and may lead to death. This dangerous
situation can occur aboard enclosed vessels while underway
or at the dock when engine exhaust enters the vessel from out-
side, usually over the stern. Most of us might recognize this as
the “station wagon” or “backdraft” effect. To reduce or eliminate
this effect it’s best to open a hatch forward (while underway) to
allow fresh air to move freely through the cabin. CO gas from
on board generators can also collect about a moored vessel.
Avoid teak surfing, dragging and water skiing within 20 feet of
your vessel as it may be fatal. Be certain to check all exhaust
lines from any internal combustion engine to ensure that they
are not leaking into the boat. Always ensure a flow of fresh air
into your boat. Also be aware that exhaust from other vessels
which may be moored close to you at an overnight marina can
also surround your boat. Your best preventative measure is to
install a carbon monoxide detector in the living and sleeping
spaces aboard your vessel and be certain that it is functioning
properly before turning in.

In Water Electrical Shock Hazard

Boats that are stored at docks with shore power connec-
tions may pose a risk to swimmers. Do not swim in marinas.
Faulty or improperly wired electrical systems can sometimes
leak current into the water. The electrical current spreads
out trying to find a path back to the source. The path of least
resistance back may include swimmers. This is particularly
dangerous in fresh water that is less conductive than salt water.
Proper maintenance on your vessel’s electrical system can
help prevent this from happening.
47
Vessel Engine Noise
The state of New York has established noise levels for rec-
reational boats. In addition to the prohibition against muffler
“cut-out” systems, the law stipulates that vessel noise not exceed
either 90 decibels when subject to a stationary test or 75 deci-
bels when tested while moving. It is also illegal to manufacture
or sell a boat that does not meet these specifications. It is also
against the law to remove, alter, or modify a muffling system
which will cause the vessel to now operate in violation of the
above noted standards.

Marine Sanitary Devices (MSDs)

The MSD requirements on NYS waters are dic-
tated by both the Federal and State government,
dependingwhere you operate your boat. Recent
regulation changes have extended no discharge
zones to all waterways touching New York State.
No discharge zones include Long Island Sound,
Hudson River, NYS Canal System, Lake Champlain, Lake Ontario
and Lake Erie and all sole state waters. Sewage must be kept in
the MSD as a holding tank for later transfer to a marine pump out
facility. If the MSD has overboard lines, the valve must be secured
in such a manner that discharge overboard is prevented. In addi-
tion, upon the waters of Canandaigua, Skaneateles, Greenwood
(Orange County) Lakes, and Lake George, any vessel equipped
with a toilet, sink, tub, etc., which results in the drainage of any
waste water must have all such waste water drain into a holding
tank in order that it may be pumped ashore at a marine pump out
facility. Any overboard lines from such systems must be either
sealed or removed. Pump out facilities can be found at http://
www.nysefc.org.

Your Float Plan

Before venturing out on any voyage aboard your vessel be
certain to write down a float plan and leave it with a reliable
person who can follow up in the event you don’t return on time.
Items that should be included in any float plan include: who’s
on board, where you are going, when will you leave and at
what time are you expected to return. The more information
48
you can provide will better improve the likelihood that search
units will be able to locate you in the event you break down or
need assistance. Should your plans change during your trip,
be certain to notify the individual with whom you’ve filled your
float plan. (See sample on page 42)

Your Marine Radio and the FCC

A marine radio is a wise investment in safety for any recreational
boater planning to venture any distance from shore or to any area
where immediate rescue is unlikely. Your marine radio will allow
you to request marine assistance or towing services, in non-emer-
gency situations, from a variety of commercial services. Distress
and mayday calling should be limited to medical emergencies or
other situations where the safety of those on board is threatened.
Current Federal Communications Commission regulations exempt
small recreational boats, operating domestically, from needing to
carry a ship station or operator license.

Changes in Marine
Radio Communications
Commercial vessels that are required to be
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
(GMDSS) compliant are no longer required to
maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 16.
The U.S. Coast Guard encourage all recreational vessels not
required to participate in GMDSS to carry a system to enhance
safety, particularly if you venture offshore away from the more
populated recreational boating areas. The recommended primary
system would be a digitally selective calling (DSC) marine radio
and an Emergency Position Indicator Radio Beacon (EPIRB). For
more information on GMDSS please contact the U.S. Coast Guard.
Cell phones-many recreational boaters rely on cell phones as
their primary means of marine communication. And while a cell
phone can be useful in many situations it should not replace your
marine (VHF) radio. In emergency situations your 911 call may be
misdirected to police or fire departments thus delaying rescue.
Cell calls can not be contacted by rescue boats and aircraft. Your
cell phone should supplement your VHF, not replace it. If you must
49
rely exclusively on a cell phone be certain to have coast guard and
marine police phone numbers handy. When placing a distress call
be certain to give your position, your cell number, nature of the
emergency and the number of people on board.

Paddle Craft
Increasingly popular paddle craft, kayaks, stand-up paddle-
boards and canoes, are vessels and operators need to know the
fundamentals of safe boating as well as be aware of the potential
risks associated with small boat recreation. By their nature paddle
craft are low profile watercraft and may not be readily seen by
larger boats. Paddlers should generally avoid heavily trafficked
areas of any waterway and if necessary to cross a marked chan-
nel, do so at right angles and move as quickly as possible so as
to avoid impeding the passage of larger craft in the channel. As
the likelihood of capsizing or swamping is greater on smaller wa-
tercraft, cold water immersion becomes a real danger when water
temperatures drop below 70° F. Therefore everyone is strongly
advised to wear a life jacket and the appropriate clothing designed
to retain body heat. When operating at night you are required to
carry a white light to show to prevent collision. All paddlers must
carry a whistle or other means of making an efficient sound signal

Take a FREE Online Paddle Safety Course

www.paddlecourse.com
Request If Found Stickers to identify your boat and assist in
rescue or returning a lost boat and Safe ‘n Sight Paddle Flash
Stickers to increase visibility to other boats. Send a legal size
self-addressed stamped envelope to NYS Parks, Marine Services
Bureau, Safety Stickers, Albany, NY 12238

Vessel Identification Sticker for Canoe, Kayak or Rowboat

If Found-Contact
Name: _______________________________________

Phone: _______________________________________

Phone: _______________________________________
USE WATERPROOF MARKER

New York
nysparks.com Safe Boating

50
to attract attention when in the vicinity of power and sail vessels.
The U.S. Coast Guard also suggests that paddlers write their name
and contact information under the front deck of their boats so as
to avoid needless searches that may occur when paddle craft are
found adrift, presumably missing their operator.

Cold Water Immersion

Paddlers and sportsmen often boat during the early and late
seasons when water temperatures are
cold. Boaters are required by law to
wear a life jacket from Nov. 1 to May 1 on
all boats less than 21 feet when under-
way. In addition a boater should dress
for the water, not the air temperature,
as a boater who capsizes or swamps in
cold water can be in an immediate life
threatening situation. Cold water immer-
sion has four phases: upon immersion
cold shock occurs which can include
involuntary gasping, hyperventilation, panic, and possible cardiac
arrest. Between 3 to 30 minutes later swimming failure may occur
as muscles and nerves quickly cool and the victim looses motor
control along with the ability to
self rescue. Next, hypother-
mia, typically occurs after 30
minutes in the water which can
then lead to unconsciousness
and death. Last is post-immer-
sion collapse. This can occur
during or after rescue due to
damage to lungs and heart as
cold blood returns to the core
area from the arms and legs.
To survive a cold water
immersion, try reboarding or
climbing on top of your boat,
slow heat loss by huddling up and do not remove clothing even
if it is wet, use a whistle or visual distress signal to summon help.
Leave a float plan so authorities can be called should you fail to
return on time.
51
 PART SEVEN

Specific
Recreational
Boating Activities

52
Water Skiing
On the navigable waters of NYS, any vessel towing a water
skier, parasail, or other similar device, must have on board, in
addition to the operator, an observer who is specifically charged
with watching out for the person towed. The observer must be at
least 10 years of age. Waterskiing, and similar towed activities, are
limited to the hours between sunrise and sunset. Anyone towed
by a vessel must wear a securely fastened US Coast Guard ap-
proved personal flotation device. This includes those on water
skis, inner tubes, parasails, inflatable devices, to name a few.
The preferred life jacket for these activities is the type III special
purpose device as it is impact rated, form fitting, and generally
affords better visibility for the skier. Never use a fully inflatable
life jacket. Remember the skier is considered a passenger and
is to be counted against the maximum passengers allowed.
Exceeding that number can be written as reckless operation.
For more information on safe water skiing contact: The Ameri-
can Water Ski Assoc. at www.usawaterski.org

53
Fishing and Hunting
Fishermen and hunters generally consider themselves sports-
men rather than boaters. However, if they are using a boat to hunt or
fish, all boating laws apply. For many people, the only reason they
own a boat is to get to out-of-the-way fishing spots. There are boats
designed and built specifi-
cally for the sportsman, from
bass boats to boats specially
equipped for trolling.
Be courteous if you see
someone fishing from their
boat by staying well clear of
them. They may have lines
or nets in the water that you
might damage if you come
too close. Your wake may also swamp or flip their boat, pull their
anchor loose from the bottom, or dump one of the occupants in the
water. Remember, state law makes you responsible for any damage
caused by your wake when passing other boats, docks or swimmers.
Duck hunting from a boat is popular in the autumn. Hunters
also use boats to set decoys or to travel to remote hunting areas.
New York State Environmental Conservation Law allows a boater
to carry a legally registered and New York State licensed handgun
on a boat. The law also permits boaters to carry long guns, rifles or
shotguns, but these must not be loaded when the boat is underway.
The hunter may load or discharge the firearm only when the boat
is tied up or at an anchor.
Cold water is a serious hazard for sportsmen. Hypothermia and
death can result if a boat capsizes and its occupants are immersed
in the cold water. The risk is greatest in spring and fall when there
are fewer boaters and marine patrols on the water, increasing the
response time. Because the hunting and fishing seasons tend to
open when the weather is colder, the risk of exposure is especially
high for sportsmen.
If you are fishing or hunting from your boat, stay out of the main
boating channels so that you do not have to move to avoid other
boating traffic. Be constantly aware of wakes from other boats as
you move about your boat. Most importantly, remember that cold
water kills. File a float plan, don’t overload your boat, and wear
your PFD!
54
Diving Operations
All motorboat operators should be aware of the two flags which
indicate the presence of divers in the water. The official flag, Alpha,
is the internationally recognized indicator for all dive operations.
Any vessel displaying the Alpha flag is to be considered restricted
in its ability to maneuver and should be afforded the right of way.
The other flag, “diver down”, which is prescribed by the state, is a
red flag with a white diagonal stripe. This flag should be attached
to a float to indicate the diver’s presence.
Under no circumstances should a vessel approach within 100
feet of any craft or object displaying either flag. Divers should be
aware that it is illegal to disturb any underwater archeological site
and/or remove any artifacts without a state issued permit.

Dams and Spillways

One of the greatest potential dangers to any boater on inland
rivers and streams are lowhead dams. The lowhead dam is par-
ticularly dangerous because it isn’t well recognized as a potential
death trap. The principal purpose of any lowhead dam is to
maintain a minimum upstream water level above the dam. The
typical drop off at a lowhead dam is deceptively small, however
the power of the water going over the dam at any given moment
55
can be very large. The unwary boater may think it safe to shoot
the dam by riding over it in a small boat or canoe, however if the
boat should turn sideways and capsize while crossing the dam, the
occupants can be trapped in what is referred to as the hydraulic,
and become unrescuably trapped beneath the falling water. Stay
well away from both the top as well as the bottom of any dam.
Conventional larger dams found at power generation plants as
well as any water impoundment can also be extremely dangerous.
Dangerous currents, large vertical drops, and steep spillways are
just a few of the many potential hazards which can be found at these
sites. If the dams purpose is power generation you can probably
also expect to find overhead power lines which may present a
hazard in themselves. Usually a dam is marked with warning or
exclusionary buoys. Stay well outside these markers never let your-
self drift into these extremely hazardous area in and around dams.

Locks
The New York State Canal system connects hundreds of miles
of lakes and rivers stretching across the Empire State. Four water-
56
ways, the Erie, Champlain, Oswego, and Cayuga-Seneca canals
travel throughout New York’s heartland, gliding past lush farmland,
famous historic battlefields, scenic port towns and thriving wildlife
preserves. There are 57 locks and almost 300 additional miles
of accessible lakes and rivers stretching across the entire state.
Many large dams have navigation locks designed to raise and
lower boats from one water level to another, allowing vessels to
travel up and down stream. These locks were built, along with a
series of dams, to bypass rapids, waterfalls, and otherwise un-
navigable areas.
When locking through with any large vessel be particularly
cautious of prop turbulence and vessel wake. Many commercial
vessels are designed to occupy the entire space within a lock,
never try to squeeze into a lock chamber with a larger vessel un-
less directed to by the lock operator. The operator will determine
the order in which boats enter a lock in order to maximize the lock
most efficiently.
The lock operator controls all boat traffic through the lock by
light signals or horn devices. All canal locks and lift bridges monitor
VHF channel 13 as well as cellular phones.

57
 The following tips and suggestions are recommended to ensure
a safe and enjoyable trip along the canal and through the locks:
Approaching the lock. When approaching the lock, boaters
should stop at a safe distance from the lock and follow the specified
signals. Boaters without VHF radio may give three distinct blasts
on the horn, whistle, or other signalling device. Lock operators will
respond with lights in the following manner:
• Green-lock is ready, you may advance
• Red-lock not ready, hold your position and wait
• No light-wait, tie up to the approach wall
• Six flashes of red or green-remain stopped and await instructions
Be Aware of the wake your boat creates, excessive wake can
erode the shoreline and damage docked boats as well as the lock
itself. Keep the channel near the lock gates clear and allow boats
departing or entering the lock a safe and easy passage. Be patient
if lock staff are not ready to lock you through immediately since they
may have other water management duties.
Entering the Lock. Upon entering the lock chamber, vessels must
proceed under control at a safe reduced speed. All boats must be
equipped with adequate mooring lines or fenders. Lock operators
are not required to handle or furnish lines. Although nearly every lock
has weighted lines hanging from the sides of the lock chamber for
boater’s convenience. As you near the walls of the lock chamber,
have your crew ready to loop lines around snubbing posts, lock wall
ladders, and tie lines; be sure to loop and not tie your lines or your
boat may be left hanging or damaged as the water level changes.
Be alert to other boats entering the chamber and move ahead if
necessary. Serious injury may result from using you hands or feet
to fend off the chamber wall. Use a boat hook, oar, or paddle. Line
handlers should wear life jackets. Passengers not involved in the
locking process should remain seated out of the way.
In the Lock Chamber. Always follow the directions of the lock
operator. Once you are safely positioned against the chamber wall
with lines looped, turn off the engine but leave your blower running.
Never smoke or operate flame appliances. Never leave your boat
unattended in the lock.

Visit the canal website at:

www.canals.ny.gov
58
PART EIGHT

Personal
Watercraft

59
Personal Watercraft
Mandatory Education Requirements
New York requires that anyone operating a personal water-
craft complete an approved course in boating safety or other-
wise be accompanied, on board, by someone 18 years of age or
older who is the holder of an approved boating safety certificate.
Certificates are required to be carried at all times when operat-
ing the personal watercraft. See page 39 for information about
acceptable boating safety certificates.

Minimum Age for Operation

In order to operate a personal watercraft in New York the op-
erator must be a minimum of 14 years of age. The operator must
hold an approved boating safety certificate or be accompanied
by a person over 18 years of age who is the holder of a boating
safety certificate. It is strongly recommended that small children
not be permitted to ride forward of an adult as it may lead to serious
personal injury. It is also strongly recommended that no person be
permitted to ride a personal watercraft if he or she can not hold
on to the person in front
(or hand holds) and can
not keep both feet on the
deck in order to maintain
balance during operation.

Operation
Before operating any
Personal Watercraft (PWC)
it is very important that we
learn as much as we can
about the vessel before
attempting to operate it
alone. Have someone
who knows what they’re
doing take you out for a
ride and show you how
to properly operate the
vessel. Have them ex-
plain the operation of the
60
device as well as the rules of the road for the waterway. When
you’re ready to go it alone, try the device out in an area that’s
free of traffic, obstructions and sensitive wildlife.
One of the first things we should understand about the
PWC is that, unlike a conventional boat, which has a
propeller and rudder to drive itself through the
water, the PWC employs a jet pump and
nozzle for propulsion and direction. The
speed with which the water is pushed
through the nozzle is controlled
much the same way speed is regu-
lated on a motorcycle, by throttle
controls located on the handlebars.
It is very important that PWC opera-
tors understand that once the throttle is
released, they no longer have directional control of the vessel,
since water is no longer being pushed through the directional
nozzle. The device will continue on its present course, and
since there are no brakes, it won’t be able to immediately stop.
Although PWC are relatively stable at slow speeds, they are
relatively light and can easily flip and become airborne. As the
craft has a low profile, it is also somewhat difficult to be seen by
larger boats on the water. To help with visibility, operators should
wear bright orange or similarly colored life jackets in order to be
better seen. Although PWCs can operate in very shallow water,
operators should be mindful of adjacent property owners, as
well as environmentally sensitive areas, not to mention docks
and other hazards associated with close-in vessel operation.
Remember, speed is limited to 5 miles per hour within 100 feet
of shore, dock, raft or anchored boats. In the interest of safety,
never operate your PWC in congested areas, transit the area and
proceed to where there is sufficient space to operate your ves-
sel. Stay clear of other boats on the water and give fellow PWC
operators a safety buffer in order to avoid potential collisions.
Remember not to wear out your welcome in any one particular
area on the water, avoid use conflict with others recreating on
the water particularly in the area of boat ramps, marinas and
channels. Refrain from buzzing your neighbors, it’s just annoying
and not much appreciated. PWC can be great fun provided they
are operated responsibly.
61
 State law specifically regulates the operation of
personal watercraft (PWC), and while most sections
of the navigation law also apply to all PWC, the follow-
ing are specific regulations regarding their operation:
Life Jackets-must be worn by each person on or towed be-
hind (strength tested models recommended). Fully inflatable
life jackets are not approved for water sports.

Engine Cutoff - if so equipped must be functional and at-

tached to the rider

Horn, Whistle - capable of a two second blast, audible 1/2

mile

Visual Distress Signals (VDS) - a fluorescent orange flag

(1 foot sq) or other appropriate US Coast Guard approved
day distress signaling device

Backfire Flame Arrestor - manufacturer installed, do not

remove, prevents explosion/fire

Ventilators - manufacturer installed, do not remove, re-

moves potentially explosive explosive vapors from engine/
fuel space

Hours of Operation - between sunrise and sunset. The

installation of an after market light kit will not allow you to
legally operate a PWC at night.

NOTE: Although an anchor and fire extinguisher are not re-

quired under state law, you must carry a fire extinguisher when
operating in federal waters.

62
Prohibited Operation
Boating while Intoxicated (BWI) - prohibited on all watercraft,
laws are strict, penalties severe

Swim Areas - no operation permitted within 500 feet of a

designated swim area, except in bodies of water where the op-
posing shoreline is less than 500 feet or when launching and
retrieving a PWC from a designated launch site. PWC must not
exceed 10 mph when within this zone.

Reckless Operation - strictly prohibited, examples of such

operation would be:

• wake jumping too close to other vessels,

• weaving through congested traffic,
• last minute swerving to avoid collision,

Liveries - prohibited from renting PWC to individuals less than

16 years of age. Livery operators are also required to check
proof of age, and if the individual is less than 18 years of age, a
boating safety certificate, prior to renting out equipment. Liveries
must also explain/demonstrate proper use of a PWC, as well as
maintain rental records for not less than one year.
Those 18 years of age and older wishing to rent a PWC from
a livery may do so without a boating safety certificate provided
they operate in a specific area within 2500 feet of the livery, or
if removed from the livery location they may not be operated
beyond 500 feet of the livery operator in order that they may
be supervised. In cases where a livery operator is monitoring
PWC away from the livery, his/her PWC or life jacket must be
clearly marked in a distinguishable manner.
Reminder - a PWC is a recreational boat which means that
its operator must obey the rules of the road. PWC operators
should also be mindful that group riding in one area may annoy
other waterfront users/owners, and may in fact become danger-
ous, particularly if one’s attention is limited to having fun while
neglecting other traffic or hazards.
63
 Boat Wreck-less
Take a Boating Safety Course

New York
Safe Boating

Who should take a course?

Anyone who is on the water in a mechanized,
wind, or human-powered vessel.
Who is required legally to take a course?
• Anyone born on or after MAY 1, 1996 to operate
a motor boat. You must be at least 10 years of
age to take the course. (See page 39 for additional
information)
• Anyone operating a personal watercraft. You
must be at least 14 years of age. (See page 60 for
additional information)

Classroom and Online Courses

Available
Find a course:
www.WearItNewYork.com

Scan and find a

boating safety course

64
 MAKE SAFETY
A PRIORITY!
BE CAUTIOUS WHEN RECREATING NEAR
HYDROELECTRIC FACILITIES. WATER
CONDITIONS CAN CHANGE QUICKLY
AND WITHOUT NOTICE.
Pay attention to your surroundings and
respect all signs and warning signals.

Life Jackets Save Lives.

Always wear yours.

brookfieldrenewable.com/publicsafety
 New York State Office of Parks,
Recreation and Historic Preservation
Albany, New York 12238 • 518-474-0445
95M 1/17
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Agency
Printed on recycled paper
Scan and find a
boating safety course